完全腹腔镜下直肠癌根治合并肝左叶转移癌规则左半肝

目的 总结腹腔镜下一期行直肠癌根治、前入路左半肝切除的适应症和手术技巧。方法 分析我院一例直肠癌合并左肝多发转移的患者采用腹腔镜下直肠癌根治、规则性左半肝切除术。结果 手术时间190 min,术中出血300ml,无明显手术并发症,切口一期愈合。术后14d给予化疗。术后随访5个月,无局部复发、远处转移、及切口处肿瘤种植发生。结论一期行腹腔镜直肠癌根治合并左半肝规则切除,局限在单叶的肝多发转移灶行规则肝切除是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌及肝转移癌一期同时切除术的临床应用

目的：探讨腹腔镜下一期同时切除结直肠癌和肝转移癌的安全性及可行性。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年10月期间在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院完成的腹腔镜下结直肠癌和肝转移癌一期同时切除手术的11例患者的病例资料,对该术式的可行性（中转开腹率、手术时间及术中出血量）、安全性（术后并发症）及疗效（术后恢复、复发及生存情况）进行评估。结果全组11例患者手术均取得成功,无中转开腹病例。手术时间（284．6±28．8） min,术中出血量（322．7±75．4） ml,术后肛门排气时间（2．9±0．7） d,术后住院时间（12．3±1．9） d。全组患者术后未出现肠瘘、胆瘘、腹腔大出血、腹腔感染及肝功能衰竭等并发症。术后随访时间3～35月,除1例患者因肿瘤转移死亡外,其余病例未见肿瘤复发。结论对于经过选择的合适病例,腹腔镜下同时切除结直肠癌和肝转移癌是安全、可行的。     

Laparoscopic resection of colon cancer and synchronous liver metastasis

The recommended surgical approach to synchronous colorectal metastasis has not been clarified. Simultaneous open liver and colon resection for synchronous colorectal carcinoma has been shown beneficial when compared to staged resections. A review of the literature has shown the benefits of both laparoscopic colon resection for colorectal cancer and laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy in liver disease. We present the case of a 60-year-old male with sigmoid colon carcinoma and a synchronous solitary liver metastasis localized to the left lateral segment. Using laparoscopic techniques, we were able to achieve simultaneous resection of the sigmoid colon and left lateral liver segment.     

Simultaneous liver and colorectal resections are safe for synchronous colorectal liver metastasis

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical strategy for the treatment of synchronous resectable colorectal liver metastasis has not been defined. The aims of this study were to review our experience with synchronous colorectal metastasis and to define the safety of simultaneous versus staged resection of the colon and liver. STUDY DESIGN: From September 1984 through November 2001, 240 patients were treated surgically for primary adenocarcinoma of the large bowel and synchronous hepatic metastasis. Clinicopathologic, operative, and perioperative data were reviewed to evaluate selection criteria, operative methods, and perioperative outcomes. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four patients underwent simultaneous resection of a colorectal primary and hepatic metastasis in a single operation (Group I), and 106 patients underwent staged operations (Group II). Simultaneous resections tend to be performed for right colon primaries (p < 0.001), smaller (p < 0.01) and fewer (p < 0.001) liver metastases, and less extensive liver resection (p < 0.001). Complications were less common in the simultaneous resection group, with 65 patients (49%) sustaining 142 complications, compared with 71 patients (67%) sustaining 197 complications for both hospitalizations in the staged resection group (p < 0.003). Patients having simultaneous resection required fewer days in the hospital (median 10 days versus 18 days, p = 0.001). Perioperative mortality was similar (simultaneous, n = 3; staged, n = 3). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous colon and liver resection is safe and efficient in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. By avoiding a second laparotomy, the overall complication rate is reduced, with no change in operative mortality. Given its reduced morbidity, shorter treatment time, and similar cancer outcomes, simultaneous resection should be considered a safe option in patients with resectable synchronous colorectal metastasis.     

结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移的治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移患者的临床相关病理因素以及手术治疗.方法 回顾性分析1994年8月至2006年12月收治患者的临床资料及随访结果,比较结直肠癌无肝转移和有同时性肝转移患者的病理特点及不同程度肝转移患者和不同手术处理的预后.结果 2019例原发性结直肠癌患者中发生同时性肝转移者166例(8.10%).多因素分析显示:术前CEA水平、Ducks分期、肿瘤分化程度与浆膜浸润是同时性肝转移发生的高危因素;同时性肝转移术后1、3、5年生存率分别为69%、21%、9%;不同程度肝转移(H1、H2、H3)组间预后差异有统计学意义(X2=23.35,P<0.01).根治性手术切除组总体生存率明显高于姑息切除和未能切除组生存率(X2=21.18,P<0.01);姑息切除组和未切除组近期生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),远期生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).结论 结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移患者肝转移程度不同预后也不同.能够根治性切除的结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移预后较好,姑息切除原发病灶可提高近期预后和生活质量.     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期同时切除术的临床分析

目的探究腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期同时切除术的安全性及可行性。方法选取68例2012年11月~2015年6月至我院以及中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院胃肠外科二区就诊的结直肠癌合并肝转移癌患者,将所有患者分为两组,观察组34例,对照组34例。观察组采取腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌同期切除术,对照组采取传统的开腹结直肠癌合并肝转移癌同期切除术。记录两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、总住院时间、术后并发症,对两组疗效、总生存期和无瘤生存期进行分析。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后排气时间、总住院时间与对照组相比,有统计学意义(P0.05);虽然观察组的术并发症比对照组低,但两组术后并发症比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全腹腔镜下结直肠癌合并肝转移癌一期联合切除安全可行,总体临床效果优于开腹手术。     

结直肠癌肝转移综合治疗体会

目的总结分析综合疗法控制结直肠癌肝转移的效果和体会。方法回顾性分析1996．1-2004．12结直肠癌肝转移106例临床资料。结果术前发现肝转移者行同期肝转移灶切除16例，门静脉化疗泵植入5例；术后发现肝转移灶者85例行手术切除、全身化疗、射频消融（PRFA）、无水酒精注射（PEI）、经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）等综合治疗。无手术死亡。治疗后CEA转阴29．2％，下降56．9％。随访率92．5％，随访期8个月至5年。缓解率（CR＋PR）为92．9％。病人1，3，5年生存率分别为96．9％、51．8％和23．2％。结论积极手术切除，配合局部消融和全身化疗的综合治疗是控制结直肠癌肝转移的有效方案。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术联合射频消融治疗肝转移癌

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌的临床价值.方法 2001年12月至2006年7月成都市第三人民医院对22例结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移的患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,术后通过增强CT检查评价消融灶固化效果.采用X2检验分析疗效.结果 本组22例患者中8例肝转移癌为多发,16例有合并症.对31个肝转移癌进行RFA治疗,未发生相关并发症;术后平均住院时间为(14±5)d,无手术死亡.5例因消融不完全进行重复RFA,4例消融灶复发(2例重复RFA);6例死亡(2例死于消融灶复发).消融灶复发率为18%(4/22),病死率为27%(6/22).肝转移癌直径≥2.0 cm者RFA后消融灶复发率高于直径＜2.0 cm者(x2=5.867,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,为多发性肝转移癌、合并基础疾病、高龄、手术耐受差和肿瘤切除困难的结直肠癌患者提供了治疗的机会.     

Simultaneous Laparoscopy-Assisted Resection for Rectal and Gastric Cancer

Laparoscopy-assisted surgery for either rectal or gastric cancer has been increasingly performed. However, simultaneous laparoscopy-assisted resection for synchronous rectal and gastric cancer is rarely reported in the literature. In our study, 3 cases of patients who received simultaneous laparoscopy-assisted resection for synchronous rectal and gastric cancer were recorded. The results showed that all 3 patients recovered well, with only 253 minutes of mean operation time, 57 mL of intraoperative blood loss, 5 cm of assisted operation incision, 4 days to resume oral intake, 12 days'' postoperative hospital stay, and no complication or mortality. No recurrence or metastasis was found within the follow-up period of 22 months. When performed by surgeons with plentiful experience in laparoscopic technology, simultaneous laparoscopy-assisted resection for synchronous rectal and gastric cancer is safe and feasible, with the benefits of minimal trauma, fast recovery, and better cosmetic results, compared with open surgery.     

腹腔镜下结直肠癌肝转移一期手术23例临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜下治疗结直肠癌肝转移一期的安全性及有效性。方法回顾分析2011年1月至2013年6月行结直肠癌肝转移手术的43例患者的临床资料,将23例患者同时行腹腔镜切除肝转移灶切除术纳入腹腔镜组,20例患者同时行开放性肝转移灶切除术患者纳入开腹组。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行分析,中位生存时间、生存率及术后并发症比较采用χ2检验;计量资料采用(x珋±s)表示,比较采用独立样本t检验,生存分析采用Kaplain-Meire法计算生存率。P0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果腹腔镜组患者手术时间及术后腹腔引流管留置时间较开腹组显著减少(P0.05);两组患者术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间及术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后生存率相近,无围手术期死亡病例,术后均未见严重术后并发症。结论腹腔镜下结直肠癌肝转移一期联合切除安全可行,具有较好的疗效。     

Simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer and liver metastases in the right lobe using pure laparoscopic surgery

It is now common to resect colorectal cancer by laparoscopic surgery. Hepatectomy has become a standard treatment for patients with colorectal cancer with resectable liver metastases. The resection of liver tumors can now be done partly by laparoscopic surgery. However, metastatic tumors in the right lobe are often difficult to resect laparoscopically. Furthermore, simultaneous resection of the colorectum and liver may also be difficult. In this study, we evaluated a new method to resect both colorectal cancer and liver metastases in the right lobe by laparoscopic surgery. Two cases are presented that underwent total laparoscopic resection of a right lobe tumor, associated with laparoscopic colorectal resection. The metastatic tumor in the right lobe was first resected in the left hemi-prone position. Then, the colorectal cancer was resected in the lithotomy position. The method for resecting the right lobe liver tumor and colorectal cancer was safe and feasible. The mean duration of surgery was 443.5 min, and the mean blood loss was 158 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful. In selected patients, laparoscopic hepatectomy for right lobe synchronous metastatic tumors can be safely performed simultaneously with colorectal surgery.     

Surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer

We analyze our experience over a 10-year period in the surgical treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Between 01.01.1995 and 08.31.2005 189 liver resections were performed in 171 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (16 re-resections - 2 in the same patient and a "two-stage" liver resection in 2 patients). In our series there were 83 patients with synchronous liver metastases (69 simultaneous resections, 12 delayed resections and 2 "two-stage" liver resection were performed) and 88 metachronous liver metastases. Almost all types of liver resections have been performed. The morbidity and mortality rates were 17.4% and 4.7%, respectively. Median survival was 28.5 months and actuarial survival at 1-, 3- and 5-year was 78.7%, 40.4% and 32.7%, respectively. Between January 2002 and August 2005 hyperthermic ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases has been performed in 6 patients; in other 5 patients with multiple bilobar liver metastases liver resection was associated with radiofrequency ablation and one patient underwent only radiofrequency ablation for recurrent liver metastasis. In conclusion, although the treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases is multimodal (resection, ablation, chemotherapy and radiation therapy), liver resection is the only potential curative treatment. The quality and volume of remnant liver parenchyma is the only limitation of liver resection. The morbidity, mortality and survival rates after simultaneous liver and colorectal resection are similar with those achieved by delayed resection. Postoperative outcome of patients with major hepatic resection is correlated with the surgical team experience. The long-term survival was increased using the new multimodal treatment schemes.     

Prognostic factors in survival of colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis

Aim To determine the factors affecting the survival in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases. Method A total of 168 patients who had been treated colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases at Guangxi Medical University from January 2000 to December 2005 were identified. Criteria studied consisted of gender, age, time of symptoms, primary tumour location, primary tumour circumference, histological type, grade (tumour differentiation), T‐status, N‐status, large bowel obstruction, type of operation, primary tumour resection, ascities, location, number and diameter of liver lesions, preoperative CEA and chemotherapy. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression analysis. Results The mean survival time for all patients was 18.71 (SEM = 1.59) months. The 1, 2, 3 and 5‐year survival rates were 55.95%, 23.21%, 12.30%, 8.0% respectively. Univariate analysis share of grade (tumour differentiation), N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location, number and the most diameter of liver lesions, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy to be predictors of survival. In the Cox regression analysis, the N‐status, large bowel obstruction, operation, diameter of liver lesion and extrahepatic transfer were independent factors related to survival. Conclusion Tumour differentiation, N‐status, bowel obstruction, operation, primary tumour resection, location of liver metastasis, number of liver metastasis, diameter of liver metastasis, extrahepatic transfer, preoperative CEA level and chemotherapy are related to the survival of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases.     

大肠癌伴肝转移同期切除的预后分析

目的分析大肠癌(结肠癌和直肠癌)伴肝转移行同期切除影响患者预后的相关因素。方法采用多因素回归分析方法回顾性分析3 7例大肠癌伴肝转移患者行同期切除的临床资料;选取11项相关因素进行分析。结果年龄,门静脉化疗泵内局部化疗,组织学分型,淋巴结转移,肝转移灶位置,大小,数目对患者的生存时间有影响。结论大肠癌伴肝转移行同期切除术中术后行门静脉化疗泵内局部化疗可以改善患者的预后,延长其生存期,并且后者是惟一可控因素。     

正电子发射型断层显像在结直肠癌肝转移诊断中的应用

目的 评价正电子发射型断层显像(PET)在结直肠癌术后肝转移诊断中的作用。方法 对18例怀疑结直肠癌术后肝转移的患者和3例怀疑其他疾病的患者进行PET检查，通过与CT比较及手术探查，评价PET在结直肠癌肝转移诊断中的作用。结果 怀疑术后肝转移的18例患者，经PET显像确诊17例，其中14例同时伴有肝脏以外的其他脏器转移(肺转移2例、腹壁转移2例、骨转移1例、腹腔淋巴结转移6例、纵隔淋巴结转移2例、锁骨上淋巴结转移1例)；PET诊断阴性的1例患者，随访1年后仍无瘤存活。3例怀疑其他疾病的患者经PET检查发现有结肠癌伴肝转移。结论 与CT相比，PET对结直肠癌术后肝脏及其他部位转移的敏感度更高，对术后肝转移患者是否选择再次手术具有更好的指导意义。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移行一期和二期肝切除术安全性的荟萃分析

目的 评估结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者一期和二期肝切除术的安全性.方法 通过检索PubMed/Medline,ISI Web of Knowledge,Springer link,Ebscohost,Elsevier Wiley Interscience和Google Scholar,搜集1989年1月至2009年3月关于结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者行一期和二期肝切除术的对照研究,对一期和二期手术组患者的手术并发症发生率和围手术期死亡率进行荟萃分析.结果 检索到7篇文献共计1390例结直肠癌同时性肝转移行肝切除术的患者,其中一期手术者495例,二期手术者895例.一期手术者围手术期死亡率（2.4%）高于二期手术者（1.1%）,差异有统计学意义（Peto OR 3.39,95% CI 1.29～8.93,P=0.01）;两组手术并发症发生率分别为33.9%和29.8%,两组比较差异无统计学意义[OR（随机）0.88,95% CI 0.51～1.51,P=0.64].结论 同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者有选择地行二期手术是合理和安全的.     

Totally laparoscopic strategies for the management of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis

Introduction

Laparoscopy is an accepted treatment for colorectal cancer and liver metastases, but there is no consensus for its use in the management of synchronous liver metastases (SCRLM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate totally laparoscopic strategies in the management of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases.

Methods

Patients presenting to Ninewells Hospital between July 2007 and August 2010, with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum with synchronous liver metastases were considered. Patients underwent simultaneous laparoscopic liver and colon cancer resection, a staged laparoscopic resection of SCRLM and colon cancer, or simultaneous colon resection and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of SCRLM. Primary endpoints were in-hospital morbidity and mortality, total hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, duration of surgery, and resection margin status.

Results

Twenty-eight patients presented with synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Thirteen patients underwent a simultaneous laparoscopic liver and colon resection (median operating time, 370 (range, 190–540) min; median hospital stay, 7 (range, 3–54) days), seven patients had a staged laparoscopic resection of SCRLM and primary colon cancer (median operating time, 530 (range, 360–980) min; median hospital stay 14, (range, 6–51) days), and eight patients underwent laparoscopic colon resection and RFA of SCRLM (median operating time, 310 (range, 240–425) min; median hospital stay, 8 (range, 6–13) days). There were no conversions to an open procedure. Overall in-hospital morbidity and mortality was 28 and 0?% respectively. An R0 resection margin was achieved in 91?% of the resection group. At a median follow-up of 26 (range, 18–55) months, 19 (90?%) patients remain disease-free.

Conclusions

Totally laparoscopic strategies for the radical treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer are feasible with low morbidity and favorable outcomes. A laparoscopic approach for the simultaneous management of SCRLM and primary colon cancer is associated with reduced surgical access trauma, postoperative morbidity, and hospital stay with no compromise in short-term oncological outcome.     

Selection criteria for simultaneous resection in patients with synchronous liver metastasis

HYPOTHESIS: While simultaneous resection has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with synchronous metastasis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by hepatectomy has gradually gained acceptance for both initially nonresectable metastasis and resectable metastasis. The boundary between these treatments is becoming unclear. We hypothesized that factors associated with colorectal cancer may play an important role in the prognosis of patients with synchronous metastasis and may be useful for identifying patients who can be expected to have adequate results following simultaneous resection. DESIGN: Outcome study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: From January 1980 to December 2002, 187 patients underwent curative resection for synchronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. One hundred forty-two patients received simultaneous resection, 18 underwent staged resection, and 27 underwent delayed hepatic resection. Twenty-one clinicopathological factors were analyzed, and long-term prognosis was assessed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prognostic factors and patient survival. RESULTS: There was no in-hospital death. In a multivariate analysis, the factors that significantly affected the prognosis of synchronous metastasis were 4 or more lymph node metastases around the primary cancer (P<.001) and multiple liver metastases (P = .003). In patients with 3 or fewer lymph node metastases around the primary cancer, the 5-year survival rates of those with 1, 2 to 3, and 4 or more liver metastases were 63%, 33%, and 40%, respectively, but these rates were 15%, 22%, and 0%, respectively, in patients with 4 or more lymph node metastases around the primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the application of simultaneous resection in patients with 0 to 3 colorectal lymph node metastases. However, in patients with 4 or more colorectal lymph node metastases, biological selection by neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be more suitable.     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症相关因素分析

目的:探讨同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症的相关影响因素及预防措施。方法:2009年6月至2018年6月解放军总医院普通外科行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的241例,统计并发症发生情况,分析影响因素,对危险因素进行评估分析。结果:241例行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的患者术后共42例发生并发症,发生率为17.4%。其中,吻合口瘘19例(7.9%),腹腔出血7例(2.9%),肠梗阻15例(6.2%),切口感染21例(8.7%),腹腔感染6例(2.5%),肺部感染3例(1.2%)。单因素分析结果显示,高龄、手术方式、术前合并症、原发肿瘤位置、术中失血量是腹同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的相关因素(P<0.05)。Logistit回归分析显示,影响同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的独立危险因素为高龄、术前合并症、手术出血量(P<0.05),腹腔镜手术则是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:吻合口瘘和出血是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后常见并发症,高龄、术前合并疾病、手术出血量较多是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的危险因素,而采取腹腔镜手术则可减少并发症的发生。