门式车辆辐射检测仪在废钢铁回炼场所的应用

目的 评估门式车辆辐射检测仪用于废钢铁回炼场所的有效性,了解不同环境因素对检测结果的影响。方法 利用自行研制的门式车辆辐射检测仪在某废钢铁回炼场所进行现场车辆辐射检测实验,并用便携式辐射监测仪进行了验证,现场测量了不同类型车辆及载荷的屏蔽效果、降雨影响对检测仪灵敏度的影响。结果 现场试验期间检测仪工作稳定,没有发现显著的放射性污染及"无主源"事件,不同车辆及载荷的屏蔽效果可达到约15%左右的变化量,降雨会在短期内将本底辐射水平提高20%左右。结论 门式车辆辐射检测仪是防止废钢铁回炼场所发生放射源熔炼事故的有效手段,其检测灵敏度受多种因素的影响,在检测仪设计及使用过程中应给予充分考虑。     

某特种车辆企业涂装过程职业危害及防护状况调查分析

采用职业卫生现场调查与检测等方法,对某特种车辆企业涂装过程中产生的职业危害及防护设施进行调查分析。结果显示,喷漆室防护设施整改后各毒物浓度均大幅下降,甲苯、二甲苯浓度仍高于职业接触限值,整改前后检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);吹砂岗位为噪声超标作业岗位。提示车辆涂装过程职业病危害主要为工艺落后、防护设施异常等所致,应采取有针对性的控制整改措施。     

拱北口岸核心能力建设

珠海检验检疫局拱北办事处是珠海检验检疫局设在拱北口岸的正处级分支机构,担负着供澳鲜活商品及出入境旅客、车辆及司机的检验检疫和口岸卫生监督工作任务。2012年出入境人员9332万人次,出入境车辆274．5万辆次,现已成为我国第一大陆路口岸。一直以来,拱北办事处不断加强口岸卫生检疫机制建设,制定了相关传染病、突发公共卫生事件检测规程以及应急预案,构建起拱北口岸防范突发公共卫生事件长效机制;拱北办事处加强了场所、设施设备建设,设立了独立的检验检疫大厅、医学观察室和医学巡查室等,更新了红外测温系统,安装了人行放射性监测系统等先进设施设备;完善了专业人员队伍建设;信息化网络管理不断提升,2005年,由政府口岸主管部门牵头建设的出入境车辆“一站通”电子验放系统投入使用,该系统对出入境车辆和司机进行备案、并配有测温、视频系统,还与珠海国际旅行卫生保健中心综合业务管理系统正式联网,使出入境司机体检资料共享,大大提高了对出入境车辆和司机及携带物的检疫监管。     

越野型疾控采样车的研制

目的：研制一种适用于野外条件下进行快速采样和检测的车辆装备。方法：根据疾病预防与控制功能定位,确定各采样功能模块,进行布局优化设计。结果：设计了6个功能模块,具有微生物、空气微生物、媒介生物、食品、水源、毒物和毒剂等的现场采样功能,并可进行快速定性检测和初步定量检测。结论：该采样车功能定位准确,功能模块配置和内部布局设计合理。实现了现场采样和快速检测的功能。     

中新天津生态城道路精益环卫新模式的探索与实践

中新天津生态城根据实际情况建立运营企业道路环卫业务考核,政府部门监督的量化管理体系,同时以生态城实际情况制定相应的量化考核指标体系。并基于道路尘土残留量检测结果,对车辆作业时间、作业速度和作业范围进行环卫作业优化,在节约用水、降低能源消耗和车辆维保费用方面取得了显著的经济效益,且在降低空气中PM_(10)浓度和温室效应气体方面效果显著。     

卫生监督快速检测应用中存在的问题及对策

为提高食品、公共场所、生活饮用水、职业、放射等卫生质量，快速处置突发公共卫生事件，打击假冒伪劣产品，国家为各级卫生监督机构相继配备了卫生监督现场快速检测仪器及车辆等装备。但在实际工作中仍存在一些具体问题，直接影响到了被检产品的检测结果，危及到人的身体健康。笔者就问题存在的原因分析如下。     

科技信息

卫生器材灭菌挂车军事医学科学院于1991年10月25日组织了对卫生装备研究所研制的《卫生器材灭菌挂车》的鉴定。邀请了清毒灭菌、车辆设计、检测、锅炉设计与检测、电气工程等专业的9名专家组成鉴定委员会.专家们一致通过鉴定并认为,该车设计合理、性能稳定,灭菌效果可靠。能自供蒸气,具有蒸汽灭菌、环氧乙烷灭菌、抽真空、真空干燥和环氧乙烷废气处理     

铁路食品运输化学性污染现场试验观察

据调查 ,目前我国铁路运输中 ,食品约占全路货运量的2 / 7,每年发生食品运输污染事故大约 30余起。造成食品运输污染的主要原因 ,一是承运食品的车辆未洗刷或洗刷不彻底 ;二是食品与有毒有害危险品混装、混运 ;三是运输储存过程中的生物霉变。被污染的食品主要有粮食类、蔬菜水果类 ,污染的物质主要是农药类及其它化工产品。为了解化学性物质在运输车辆中的残留量以及由此造成的污染程度 ,我们对现行使用中的各类车辆经过严格的洗刷处理后 ,对残留毒物进行定性、定量检测 ,为有关部门制定运输车辆卫生标准提供参考。材料与方法　 (1)污染物…     

深圳地铁列车空气卫生质量的调查分析

目的调查分析深圳市地铁1、4号线列车空气卫生质量。方法随机抽取地铁1、4号线4列列车共8个车厢，检测新风量、温度、湿度、风速、照度、CO、CO2、甲醛、可吸入颗粒物、噪声、细菌总数等卫生指标。结果8个车辆按设计最大容纳人数折算，检测的新风量结果均未达到卫生标准要求。温度、湿度、风速、照度、CO、CO2、甲醛、可吸入颗粒物、噪声、细菌总数的合格率分别为100％、97．9％、52．1％、100％、100％、100％、100％、95．8％、100％、100％。结论车辆室内检测的化学与微生物污染物含量较低，但新风量不足难以稀释污染物，可能会导致污染物积累。     

外军伤员运输车辆的发展现状及启示

介绍了国内外伤员运输车辆的现状,并分析了外军伤员运输车辆的特点和发展趋势,并根据伤员运输车辆的未来发展特点提出了我军发展护送车辆的对策,将对我军护送车辆的研制和开发起着积极的借鉴作用。     

Characteristics of Crashes With Farm Equipment That Increase Potential for Injury

CONTEXT: Crash fatality and injury rates are higher on rural roadways than other roadway types. Although slow-moving farm vehicles and equipment are risk factors on rural roads, little is known about the characteristics of crashes with farm vehicles/equipment. PURPOSE: To describe crashes and injuries for the drivers of farm vehicles/equipment and non-farm vehicles involved in an injury crash. Passengers are not included in this analysis. METHODS: Injury crashes were included that involved a farm vehicle/equipment and at least one non-farm vehicle reported in Iowa Department of Transportation crash data from 1995 to 2004. Odds ratios were calculated through logistic regression to identify increased odds for injury among drivers of non-farm vehicles and farm vehicles/equipment. We examined frequently occurring crash characteristics to identify crash scenarios leading to the highest odds for injury. FINDINGS: Non-farm vehicle drivers were 5.23 times more likely to be injured than farm vehicle/equipment drivers (95% CI = 4.12-6.46). The absence of restraint use was a significant predictor of injury for both farm vehicle/equipment drivers (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 1.14-7.13) and non-farm vehicle drivers (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.54-4.15). Crash characteristics increasing the odds of injury for non-farm vehicle drivers included speeding, passing the farm vehicle/equipment, driving on a county road, having a frontal impact collision, and crashing in darkness. Ejection was the strongest predictor of injury for the farm vehicle/equipment driver. CONCLUSION: Non-farm vehicle drivers were much more likely to be injured than farm vehicle/equipment drivers, suggesting that farm vehicle/equipment crash prevention should be a priority for all rural road users. Prevention strategies that reduce motor vehicle speed, assist in safe passing, increase seat belt use, and increase conspicuousness of the farm vehicle/equipment are suggested.     

GNSS车载终端计量检定在医疗急救车的应用分析

目的：对医疗急救3G系统车载终端计量检定,以利于其定位准确、行驶路线正确和救治及时成功,并增加救治过程记录的可信度和效力。方法：对医疗急救3G系统车载终端的定位误差、方位角误差和速度误差等进行计量检定。结果：车载终端计量检定装置及其检定方法,可以满足检定车载终端的技术要求,提供合法有效证书。结论：计量检定对于医疗急救车及时成功救治患者和事后核查或履行举证责任等有很好作用。     

Blood and oil: vehicle characteristics in relation to fatality risk and fuel economy

I examined the potential for a lower risk of death compatible with increased fuel economy among 67 models of 1999-2002 model year cars, vans, and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) during the calendar years 2000 to 2004. The odds of death for drivers and all persons killed in vehicle collisions were related to vehicle weight, size, stability, and crashworthiness. I calculated that fatality rates would have been 28% lower and fuel use would have been reduced by 16% if vehicle weights had been reduced to the weight of vehicles with the lowest weight per size, where size is measured by the lateral distance needed to perform a 180-degree turn. If, in addition, all vehicles had crashworthiness and stability equal to those of the top-rated vehicles, more than half the deaths involving passenger cars, vans, and SUVs could have been prevented by vehicle modifications.     

Automobile safety regulations and death reductions in the United States.

The effectiveness of federal automobile safety standards was examined using detailed data on 236,000 vehicles in fatal crashes in the United States during 1975-1978. Controlling statistically for type of regulation, types of vehicles, and ages of vehicles, the federal motor vehicle safety standards were associated with substantial reductions in car occupant death per 100 million vehicle miles travelled, and some reductions in fatal collisions of the federally regulated vehicles with pedestrians, motorcyclists, and bicyclists. Some 37,000 fewer deaths occurred in 1975-1978 than would have been expected without the federal standards.     

全院抢救车标准化管理实践

按照FOCUS-PDCA程序,对全院抢救车存在问题进行分析,制定改进措施,规范抢救车管理,以实现抢救车标准化管理的持续改进。通过改进,使抢救药品、物品完好率达到100%,提高了临床护士的应急能力,医护人员对抢救车配置的熟知程度明显增加,缩短了抢救车交接时间,实现了全院抢救车的标准化管理,确保了抢救车方便、快捷使用,保证了抢救及时性。     

野战医疗综合保障数字化集成平台的研制

本文针对西南地区特点和医院使命任务,将涉及日常医疗活动的检查诊疗设备进行数字化改造后集成至两台11米长的车上形成具有医技综合功能的保障车,将一台集装箱车进行栅格化改造形成一综合的多功能药房,并将总后配发的2004-1/2野战手术车、2005型远程医疗会诊车增加网络设备进行数字化改造,形成野战医疗综合保障平台,因机动性较方舱医院强,综合性能较单一的X线车、手术车高,能较好服务于边防部队官兵、边远民众和救灾一线。     

我院急救车药品报损现状分析及对策

目的:通过对医院急救车药品报损数据统计分析,优化急救车药品管理,减少损耗,降低损失.方法:统计2018年1月至2019年6月期间医院急救车药品报损数据,对药品报损原因、报损金额、报损数量等方面进行分析.结果:全院61台急救车在2018年1月至2019年6月间共报损药品5389支,其中药品近效期报损5252支,其余原因包...     

基于TOPSIS法的全地形履带车效能评估研究

目的:研究国内外典型全地形履带车的效能水平。方法:选取国内外5种典型的全地形履带车,通过其主要技术参数指标,运用TOPSIS法进行效能评估并排序。结果:五种典型全地形履带车辆的效能水平排序为BVS10型=BV206S型酆JY813型酆野马型酆BV206型。结论:目前国内的JY813型"全地虎"全地形履带车的效能水平较BVS10型和BV206S型全地形履带车还有一定的差距,但已超过"野马"型和BV206型全地形履带车,具有较好的效能水平。     

The effect of passenger load on unstable vehicles in fatal, untripped rollover crashes.

Consumers may be unaware of the risk of rollover crashes posed by passenger loads in vehicles with poor roll stability. This analysis demonstrates that certain sports utility vehicles and small pickup trucks have designs that are so unstable that the weight of the passengers in the vehicle affects its propensity to roll over. This effect occurs even though the weight of the loaded vehicle is less than the manufacturer's gross vehicle weight rating. The risk of a fatal, "untripped" rollover crash in vehicles with low roll stability is increased as each passenger is added to the vehicle load.     

Improving Safe Mobility: An Assessment of Vehicles and Technologies among a Large Cohort of Older Drivers

Evidence suggests that older driver safety may be improved by good vehicle maintenance, in-vehicle advanced technologies, and proper vehicle adaptations. This study explored the prevalence of several measures of vehicle maintenance and damage among older drivers through inspection of their vehicles. We also investigated the prevalence of in-vehicle technologies and aftermarket adaptations. Vehicle inspections were conducted by trained research staff using an objective, standardized procedure. This procedure, developed by a multidisciplinary team of researchers, was based on a review of inspection checklists used by automobile dealerships and the project team's expertise. The study used baseline data from vehicles of 2988 participants in the multi-site Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study. Among this cohort, vehicles were well maintained, had little damage, and contained a range of advanced technologies but few aftermarket adaptations. Implications of study findings for occupational therapy practice are discussed.