臂丛神经联合颈丛神经阻滞在锁骨手术中的应用

目的观察臂丛神经联合颈丛神经阻滞用于锁骨手术的麻醉效果。方法收集60例锁骨手术患者,随机分为A组和B组各30例,A组为颈丛神经阻滞组,用1％利多因＋0．375％罗哌卡因8mL阻滞颈浅丛．B组为臂丛神经联合颈丛神经阻滞组,用1％利多卡因＋0.375％罗哌卡因20mL阻滞臂丛,颈丛阻滞方法同A组,观察两组患者的麻醉效果及不良反应。结果两组患者麻醉效果B组明显好于A组（P〈0．05）。两组均无明显不良反应。结论臂丛联合颈丛神经阻滞用于锁骨手术能产生良好的麻醉效果,是一种比较完善的麻醉方法,值得推广应用。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因用于颈丛神经阻滞的临床观察

目的比较0.447％甲磺酸罗哌卡因与0．375％盐酸罗哌卡因用于颈丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。方法80例甲状腺手术患者随机分为两组，对照组应用0．375％盐酸罗哌卡因颈丛神经阻滞；试验组应用0．447％甲磺酸罗哌卡因颈丛神经阻滞。结果在感觉和运动阻滞的起效时间、效果及效果维持时间以及不良反应方面，0．447％甲磺酸罗哌卡因与0．375％盐酸罗哌卡因未见明显的差异。结论0．447％甲磺酸罗哌卡因与0．375％盐酸罗哌卡因应用于颈丛神经阻滞，具有相似的麻醉效果。     

不同浓度的罗哌卡因用于肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的研究

目的：探讨0．25％、0．375％罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的安全性和有效性。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行上肢手术60例，随机分为3组每组20例。分别用0．25％、0．375％罗哌卡因和0．25％的布比卡因30ml行肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞，观察患者有无不适症状并分别对感觉和运动进行评价。结果：随着浓度增加罗哌卡因的麻醉强度依次增加，30ml的0．25％罗哌卡因麻醉强度明显低于0．25％布比卡因，麻醉满意率仅为85％。将罗哌卡因的浓度提高到0．375％，麻醉强度和0．25％布比卡因相同满意率100％。结论：0．375％罗哌卡因起效快，作用完善，副作用少，可用作长时间臂丛神经阻滞。     

神经妥乐平连续硬膜外阻滞治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的临床观察

目的 观察神经妥乐平经硬膜外侧间隙连续推注治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的方法和临床疗效.方法 将34例除头、面部位的带状疱疹后神经痛患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组即神经妥乐平连续硬膜外阻滞组(18例),与对照组即硬膜外神经阻滞组(16例).均在CT引导下行硬膜外侧间隙穿刺置管.对照组经导管注入复方倍他米松0.5 ml+维生素B12 1.0 mg+2％利多卡因1 ml +0.75％布比卡因1ml+生理盐水至10ml,每周1次,疗程2～3周.治疗组在对照组基础上,经导管注入神经妥乐平3.6U+0.75％布比卡因1ml+生理盐水至5ml,每天1次,疗程2周.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS),分别对治疗前和治疗后3、7、14、30d的VAS评分进行统计分析.结果 2组治疗后的VAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(P均＜0.05),且治疗后3、7、14、30d治疗组均优于对照组(P均＜0.05).治疗后治疗组总有效率略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 CT引导下硬膜外腔置管,应用神经妥乐平连续硬膜外阻滞治疗带状疱疹后神经痛,疗效明显优于单纯硬膜外腔应用消炎镇痛液.     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因用于腋路臂丛神经阻滞的对比研究

目的：比较甲磺酸罗哌卡因与盐酸罗哌卡因用于腋路臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。方法：48例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期上肢手术患者随机分为0．5％盐酸罗哌卡因组（A组）和0．596％甲磺酸罗哌卡因组（B组）。每组24例,两组患者均行腋路臂丛神经阻滞,观察感觉与运动神经阻滞起效时间、持续时间及不良反应,评价麻醉效果。结果：在感觉与运动神经阻滞的起效时间、持续时间及不良反应方面,0．596％甲磺酸罗哌卡因与0．5％盐酸罗哌卡因未见明显差异。结论：0．596％甲磺酸罗哌卡因与0．5％盐酸罗哌卡因应用于腋路臂丛神经阻滞,具有相似的有效性和安全性。     

中低浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞70例效果观察

目的：观察中低浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的效果。方法：以0．25％和0．375％罗哌卡因分别对70例臂丛神经阻滞患进行前瞻性随机对比研究。结果：两组均能达满足阻滞效果，后阻滞完善时间显快于前，起效时间和作用持续时间无显性差异，结论：中低浓度罗哌卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞效果满意。     

不同浓度罗哌卡因在老年患者超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞中的有效性对照探究

目的：观察比较不同浓度罗哌卡因在老年患者超声引导下臂丛神经阻滞中的效果,评价其有效性和安全性,确定老年患者臂丛神经阻滞的最佳麻醉剂用量。方法选取该院2013年2月至2014年12月收治的美国麻醉医师学会（ASA）Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的择期行上肢手术的老年患者120例,随机分为 A 、B 、C 、D 4组,A 、B 、C 、D 组在 B 超引导下分别使用0．250％、0．375％、0．500％、0．750％的罗哌卡因30 mL 进行麻醉。观察记录感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞程度、镇痛持续时间和并发症等。结果随着罗哌卡因浓度的增加麻醉起效时间变快,镇痛维持时间更长,其中0．375％、0．500％和0．750％罗哌卡因与0．250％的罗哌卡因比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而0．375％,0．500％和0．750％罗哌卡因组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。4组患者麻醉后均未出现严重并发症。结论0．375％以上浓度的罗哌卡因在 B 超引导下对老年人行臂丛神经阻滞均能达到满意的临床效果。     

不同局麻药颈丛复合臂丛神经阻滞用于肩部手术的效果比较

目的　比较 0 375 %罗哌卡因与 0 375 %布比卡因颈丛复合臂丛阻滞用于肩部手术的麻醉效果。方法　ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 5 4例拟行肩部手术患者 ,随机分为两组 :R组 (罗哌卡因组 ,2 7例 )颈臂丛局麻药为 0 375 %罗哌卡因 30ml;B组 (布比卡因组 ,2 7例 )颈臂丛局麻药 0 375 %布比卡因 30ml,先用 9号针施行单侧颈丛阻滞 ,用一针式改良颈深浅丛阻滞技术 ,穿刺点选C4 ,注射 1 0ml局麻药。再用 9号针施行同侧肌间沟法臂丛神经穿刺 ,注射2 0ml局麻药。记录感觉、运动神经阻滞起效及恢复时间、镇痛维持时间和效果及麻醉前、手术开始、手术开始后1 5 ,30 ,4 5 ,6 0min、术后 1h的MAP ,HR ,SpO2 。结果　两组最高阻滞平面及达到时间相似 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但R组运动神经阻滞起效慢 ,维持时间短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;上肢运动神经阻滞程度R组显著低于B组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　 0 375 %布比卡因或 0 375 %罗哌卡因颈丛加臂丛神经阻滞可顺利完成肩部手术 ,安全有效 ,上肢运动神经阻滞程度较弱且恢复快。     

腰骶神经丛一次性阻滞用于下肢手术的临床研究

目的比较腰骶神经丛一次性阻滞研究组与硬膜外麻醉对照组在下肢手术中的麻醉效果。方法80例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期下肢手术的患者随机分为研究组与对照组，对照组硬膜外腔持续推注0．375％罗哌卡因维持麻醉，研究组麻醉应用腰骶神经丛一次性注射0．375％罗哌卡因。记录麻醉起效时间，术中血流动力学变化及术后恢复情况。结果两组患者麻醉效果良好无差异。患者术中血压、脉搏变化幅度研究组小于对照组（P〈0．05）。患者术后尿潴留发生率研究组明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论与硬膜外麻醉比较，腰骶神经丛一次性阻滞操作简便，麻醉效果好，血流动力学稳定，术后恢复快。     

左旋布比卡因与甲磺酸罗比卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞临床观察

目的：比较甲磺酸罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因用于臂丛神经阻滞的有效性和安全性。方法：40例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期上肢手术患者随机分为0．375％左旋布比卡因组（A组）和0．447％甲磺酸罗哌卡因组（B组）。每组20例,两组患者均行腋路臂丛神经阻滞,观察感觉与运动神经阻滞起效时间、持续时间及不良反应,评价麻醉效果。结果：感觉和运动阻滞起效时间,甲磺酸罗哌卡因较左旋布比卡因慢;感觉阻滞持续时间和运动阻滞持续时间,甲磺酸罗哌卡因较左旋布比卡因短。甲磺酸罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因比较差异有显著性。结论：左旋布比卡因与甲磺酸罗哌卡因应用于臂丛神经阻滞。为临床麻醉适宜浓度,但左旋布比卡因药效强于甲磺酸罗哌卡因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.