老年原发性闭角型青光眼行为危险因素分析

青光眼是一种复杂的、进行性视神经损害性眼病,如不及时治疗,视野可以全部丧失甚至失明。目前的治疗手段尚无法使青光眼性失明逆转而恢复。临床上通常将青光眼分为原发性、继发性和发育性三大类,其中,原发性闭角型青光眼(prim ary angle-glaucom a,PACG)是我国人群中较为多见的类型。本研究通过1∶1匹配病例对照研究设计,探讨原发性闭角型青光眼的生活行为危险因素,以降低罹患青光眼的风险。1对象与方法1.1对象(1)病例组:收集2003—2005年5月在中国医科大学附属医院眼病科门诊和病房住院的确诊原发性闭角型青光眼患者192例。原发性青光眼…     

原发性闭角型青光眼发病危险因素的病例对照研究

为探讨原发性闭角型青光眼的发病危险因素，对１０３例原发性闭角型青光眼患者和９５例非青光眼对照者进行了回顾性病例对照研究。结果发现原发性闭角型青光眼的主要危险因素有青光眼家族史、脾气暴躁及易激动、近距离用眼职业和高血压病，未发现吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、近视眼和ＡＢＯ血型与原发性闭角型青光眼的发病有统计学联系。     

原发性闭角型青光眼发病危险因素的病例对照研究

为探讨原发性闭角型青光眼的发病危险因素,对103例原发性闭角型青光眼患者和95例非青光眼对照者进行了回顾性病例对照研究。结果发现原发性闭角型青光眼的主要危险因素有青光眼家族史、脾气暴躁及易激动、近距离用眼职业和高血压病,未发现吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、近视眼和ABO血型与原发性闭角型青光眼的发病有统计学联系。     

原发性闭角型青光眼危险因素及防治对策

目的分析原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)危险因素,并提出针对性防治对策,为未来PACG的防治提供参考。方法分层整群抽样,回顾分析本院2015年12月至2018年12月诊治158例(301眼)PACG患者临床资料,并将其作为研究组,另选同期在本院眼科接受治疗的非PACG患者150例作为对照组,仔细阅览患者病例资料,记录其一般人口学资料并分析可能导致PACG发病的危险因素,经卡方检验与多项Logistic回归分析检验找出可能导致PACG发病的危险因素。结果经卡方检验与多项Logistic回归分析检验证实,年龄、PACG家族史、糖尿病、眼压、心理压力、前房深度均是PACG发病危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论高龄、高眼压、PACG家族史、浅前房、伴糖尿病、心理压力大均可能是PACG发病危险因素,故应积极实施降眼压治疗、稳定患者情绪、糖尿病防治、心理干预等措施,以预防PACG发生。     

青光眼53例治疗与护理体会

青光眼是眼科典型的身心疾病。根据对临床分型的分析,在我国原发性急性闭角型青光眼（PACG）是主要的青光眼类型之一。我院2007年9月-2008年3月收治患者53例（64眼）,治疗与护理效果满意,现报告如下。     

手术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的研究进展

青光眼是全球致盲的主要原因之一,原发性闭角型青光眼是一种以视神经萎缩和视功能损害为共同特征的疾病。原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗管理在全球不同地理区域存在较大差异。目前,临床对于原发性闭角型青光眼的治疗主要为降眼压,其中手术治疗为主要手段,可达到控制疾病进展的目的。故本研究从原发性闭角型青光眼流行病学特征与发病机制、手术治疗方法两大方面进行综述,旨在为今后原发性闭角型青光眼手术的进一步改进提供依据。     

超声生物显微镜在原发性闭角型青光眼诊断中的应用

目的探讨超声生物显微镜在原发性闭角型青光眼诊断中的应用效果。方法选择医院2018年2月至2020年2月接收的疑似原发性闭角型青光眼患者60例,均行超声生物显微镜诊断,以临床综合诊断作为金标准,分析超声生物显微镜诊断原发性闭角型青光眼的价值,比较不同疾病类型患者超声生物显微镜定量检测指标水平。结果临床综合诊断结果显示,60例疑似患者中,原发性闭角型青光眼49例,非原发性闭角型青光眼11例。超声生物显微镜诊断原发性闭角型青光眼的准确度为90.00%,灵敏度为91.84%,特异度为81.82%。非原发性闭角型青光眼患者的前房深度、角膜厚度、晶状体厚度均高于原发性闭角型青光眼患者,房角开放距离500低于原发性闭角型青光眼患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声生物显微镜在原发性闭角型青光眼诊断中的应用效果良好,能够观察眼前结构,定量测量房角开放程度、前房深度等。     

原发性闭角型青光眼术后恶性青光眼发生的危险因素分析

目的:探讨分析原发性闭角型青光眼术后恶性青光眼发生的危险因素。方法:将2016年8月-2017年9月收治的500例(500眼)原发性闭角型青光眼手术患者作为观察组,选取同期原发性闭角型青光眼术后未发生恶性青光眼患者500例(500眼)作为对照组,对两组患者眼球解剖结构进行分析比较,以观察原发性闭角型青光眼术后发生恶性青光眼的危险因素。结果:观察组患者晶体厚度及眼轴长度均低于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义P 0.05。讨论:较轻的年龄和较短的轴长是原发性闭角型青光眼后恶性青光眼的危险因素,应采取预防措施,以减少恶性青光眼的发病率。     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者抑郁和焦虑状况调查及影响因素分析

目的调查分析原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者抑郁和焦虑状况及其影响因素。方法对我院在2014年8月至2016年12月期间收治的64例PACG患者采取术后由医院结合相关文献制定的抑郁焦虑量表(HADS)来分析患者焦虑及抑郁情况,并使用GQL15判定青光眼患者的生活质量,采用问卷调查的方式对其最近2个月心理状况影响因素进行提问分析,需患者根据自身实际情况进行详细回答。结果 64例PACG患者焦虑和抑郁情绪的发生率分别是35.94%、42.19%,同时出现两种负面情绪的发生率是26.56%,患者术后抑郁及焦虑状况较手术前有明显改善(P0.05),患者焦虑及抑郁同其年龄及病程呈正相关关系,同每月收入呈负相关关系(P0.05),与患者的文化程度及性别无相关关系(P0.05)。结论原发性闭角型青光眼患者产生抑郁和焦虑心理几率较大,且严重影响患者的生活状况,患者的生活质量、病程、年龄与抑郁和焦虑的发病率密切相关,正确把握其发病因素可有效改善患者病情。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与青光眼的相关性研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌感染与青光眼的相关性。方法选择2014年1月-2015年12月医院眼科原发性开角型青光眼患者60例为开角型青光眼组、原发性闭角型青光眼患者60例为闭角型青光眼组、性别及年龄相匹配的健康体检者60名为对照组;采用~(14)C-尿素呼气试验测量幽门螺杆菌浓度,采用胶体金标记免疫斑点渗滤法测定血清幽门螺杆菌免疫球蛋白G(IgG),采用光学相关断层成像测定视网膜神经纤维层厚度。结果开角型青光眼组幽门螺杆菌阳性率88.33%高于闭角型青光眼组35.00%和对照组31.67%(P<0.05);开角型青光眼组血清幽门螺杆菌IgG阳性率85.00%高于闭角型青光眼组33.33%和对照组28.33%(P<0.05);开角型青光眼组和闭角型青光眼组大视盘、中视盘、小视盘视网膜神经纤维层厚度均低于对照组(P<0.05),开角型青光眼组大视盘、中视盘、小视盘视网膜神经纤维层厚度低于闭角型青光眼组(P<0.05);开角型青光眼患者幽门螺杆菌浓度与青光眼患者视盘视网膜神经纤维层厚度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论原发性开角型青光眼患者幽门螺杆菌感染率高,幽门螺杆菌可能和原发性开角型青光眼的发病有关。     

Television viewing and hypertension in obese children

BACKGROUND: Television viewing is strongly associated with an increased risk of childhood and adolescent obesity. However, the association between TV viewing and hypertension in children is unknown. This study aimed to identify whether TV watching is associated with hypertension in obese children. METHODS: Children seen for obesity, aged 4 to 17 years, were evaluated at three pediatric centers from 2003 to 2005. In 2006-2007, a logistic regression model estimated the odds of hypertension for hours of daily TV time controlling for race, site, and body mass index (BMI) z-score. RESULTS: A total of 546 subjects, with a mean age of 12 years, were evaluated. The children had a mean BMI of 35.5+/-9.3 kg/m(2) (98.7th+/-0.8 percentile, z-score 2.54+/-0.4). TV time was positively correlated with the severity of obesity. After controlling for race, site, and BMI z-score, both the severity of obesity and daily TV time were significant independent predictors of the presence of hypertension. Children watching 2 to 4 hours of TV had 2.5 times the odds of hypertension compared with children watching 0 to <2 hours. The odds of hypertension for children watching 4 or more hours of TV were 3.3 times greater than for children watching 0 to <2 hours of TV. CONCLUSIONS: In obese children, the amount of time spent watching TV is associated with both hypertension and the severity of obesity. Thus, TV viewing is a potential target for addressing hypertension in obese children.     

Examination of the factor structure of physical activity behaviors

Multiple physical activity recommendations exist for behaviors that vary in type and intensity (e.g., vigorous physical activity, strengthening exercises, moderate physical activity). The present study examined underlying dimensions of physical activity behaviors and determined the extent to which factors correspond to national health recommendations. Fifteen variables were drawn from six self-report measures and subjected to factor analysis with quartimax rotation. Participants were 547 university seniors (56% female; 60% Caucasian; mean age = 25 years). TV watching, the only index of sedentary behavior, did not load highly with other items, and was analyzed separately. Three interpretable factors were found: variables related to vigorous physical activity loaded highly on Factor 1; flexibility and strengthening items loaded highly on Factor 2; and moderate and housework activity loaded highly on Factor 3. Factors corresponded closely to national recommendations. Unweighted factor scores and TV watching correlated significantly with physiological indicators of fitness, supporting construct validity.     

怀孕早期电磁辐射暴露对胚胎停育影响研究

目的探索怀孕早期电磁辐射暴露对胚胎停育的影响。方法在排除母体染色体异常、母婴排斥和生殖器官畸形等引起的胚胎停育后,将经临床确诊为胚胎停育行人工流产的孕妇作为病例组;应用1:1匹配病例-对照研究方法,选择与病例同年在同一医院就诊、年龄相匹配(±2岁)、足月分娩正常新生儿的产妇作为对照。共调查了138对在怀孕早期接触电磁辐射等情况,应用多因素条件Logistic逐步回归进行分析。结果在单因素分析中,病例组经常看电视、经常使用手机、每周使用复印机≥6min、使用微波炉以及环境中有电磁辐射设备的比例显著高于对照组;多因素分析中,在调整了其他危险因素的作用后,怀孕早期经常看电视和使用手机的孕妇发生胚胎停育的相对危险性分别是不使用者的6.82倍(95%CI:1.86～25.08)和6.02倍(95%CI:1.92～18.91)。结论怀孕早期经常看电视和经常使用手机可能显著增加孕妇发生胚胎停育的相对危险性,尤其是有胚胎停育史的高危孕妇。建议孕妇孕早期尽量避免长时间使用电器,或在使用中注意离开一定的距离,进行安全防护。     

Association between television viewing time and risk of incident stroke in a general population: Results from the REGARDS study

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between TV/video viewing, as a measure of sedentary behavior, and risk of incident stroke in a large prospective cohort of men and women.MethodsThis analysis involved 22,257 participants from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study who reported at baseline the amount of time spent watching TV/video daily. Suspected stroke events were identified at six-monthly telephone calls and were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine risk of stroke at follow-up.ResultsDuring 7.1 years of follow-up, 727 incident strokes occurred. After adjusting for demographic factors, watching TV/video ≥ 4 h/day (30% of the sample) was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.37 increased risk of all stroke (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.71) and incident ischemic stroke (hazard ratio 1.35, CI 1.06–1.72). This association was attenuated by socioeconomic factors such as employment status, education and income.ConclusionsThese results suggest that while TV/video viewing is associated with increased stroke risk, the effect of TV/video viewing on stroke risk may be explained through other risk factors.     

沈阳市大学生超重与肥胖患病现况及影响因素

[目的]了解沈阳市大学生超重与肥胖现况及影响因素，为制定肥胖防治措施提供依据。[方法]利用中国7城研究项目：中国境内烟草使用与控制和生活方式的研究中沈阳市大学生健康行为调查和身体测量资料。用体重指数（body mass index，BMI,体重／身高^2,kg／m^2）标准筛查超重、肥胖。[结果]超重与肥胖的粗患病率分别为14．6％，5．8％；多因素Logistic回归分析发现，影响超重的因素有参加运动队、有兄弟姐妹、摄入蔬菜少和看电视时间长，OR值分别为0．67，0．54，1．23，1．60；影响肥胖的因素主要有参加运动队、有兄弟姐妹、精神压力大、摄入牛奶、喜食油炸食品、肉类和看电视时间长，OR值分别为0．49，0．32，0．80，1．55，1.20，1．25，1．45。[结论]运动不足、饮食结构不合理、精神因素等不良生活方式是造成大学生肥胖的主要影响因素。     

Television Use and Snacking Behaviors Among Children and Adolescents in China

PurposeTelevision (TV) use has been linked with poor eating behaviors and obesity in young people. This study examines the association between TV watching and paying attention to TV commercials with buying and requesting snacks seen on commercials, and eating snacks while watching TV among youth in China.MethodsData from 1,552 participants (ages 6–17.99) in the 2004 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed cross-sectionally. The 2004 China Health and Nutrition Survey was conducted in nine Chinese provinces.ResultsMost respondents (92.2%) reported watching TV; on average children (6–11.99 years old) and adolescents (12–17.99 years old) watched TV for 9–10 hours per week. Nearly half (42.9%) of all the respondents said they “sometimes” or “often” paid attention to TV commercials. Respondents who reported paying attention to commercials had higher odds of requesting snacks (odds ratio [OR] = 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.55–4.60) and buying snacks (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 2.17–3.43) seen on TV, and eating snacks while watching TV (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.23–2.07) than those who did not pay attention. However, frequency of watching TV was not significantly related to snacking.ConclusionAttention to TV commercials for snack foods may be one of the factors affecting the increase in obesity among children and adolescents in China.     

2型糖尿病并发高血压危险因素探讨

目的探讨糖尿病并发高血压的相关危险因素。方法采用以社区人群为基础的成组病例一对照研究方法。对2型糖尿病患者中126例并发高血压的病例和273例未并发高血压的对照进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。采用Logistic回归模型对糖尿病并发高血压的危险因素进行比值比（OR）及其95％CI的分析。结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果表明，体质指数、腰臀比、主食摄入量与糖尿病并发高血压之间有统计学意义，OR及其95％CI分别为1．474（1．101～1．973）。1．478（1．180～1．852）和1．349（1．098～1．657），调整混杂因素后，仍有统计学意义。未发现糖尿病确诊年龄、糖尿病病程、血糖控制情况、体育锻炼、吸烟、饮酒、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度、低密度和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与糖尿病并发高血压之间有统计学意义。结论体质指数高、腰臀比大以及主食摄人多可增加糖尿病并发高血压发生的危险性。     

Examining Predictors of Watching Television During Family Meals in a Diverse Sample

ObjectiveTo identify predictors associated with television (TV) watching during family meals.MethodsParents of racially and ethnically diverse 5- to 7-year-old children (n = 150) completed 8 days of ecological momentary assessment surveys. After each meal they shared with their child, parents answered meal-related questions (eg, who was present). Adjusted generalized estimating equations were used to estimate probabilities of watching TV during family meals for individual predictors.ResultsNumber of adults present, location, outside influences (eg, planned meal, stress), and time to prepare the meal were independently predictive of TV watching during the meal (P < .001).Conclusion and ImplicationsResults of the current study suggest that families may need assistance in addressing predictors (eg, stress) associated with watching TV during family meals, given prior research has shown watching TV during family meals is associated with negative dietary outcomes. Future research might investigate other factors that may also influence watching TV at family meals.