微囊化异种雪旺细胞移植修复脊髓损伤的研究进展

轴突再生障碍是脊髓损伤(Spinal cord injury，SCI)导致永久性残疾的主要原因。研究发现，中枢神经系统(Central nervous system，CNS)的轴突再生障碍与其所处的抑制性胶质环境有关，如少突胶质细胞分泌的N1—35和N1—250(一种髓鞘相关阻断因子)、和MAG(髓鞘相关糖蛋白)，星形胶质细胞分     

微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植对大鼠损伤脊髓 P 物质表达的影响

目的:探讨微囊化异种坐骨神经组织细胞移植对脊髓半横断损伤大鼠的脊髓修复作用.方法:免疫组织化学方法结合图像分析检测微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植后,脊髓半横断损伤大鼠脊髓后角内 P 物质(SP)的阳性神经元数和平均光密度.结果:脊髓半横断损伤后第1、2周脊髓后角内 SP 阳性神经元数和平均光密度均降低,至第4、8周时逐渐同升,微囊组 SP 的表达明显高于同时间点的细胞悬液组、单损组.细胞悬液组与单损组比较,除移植后第1周 SP 的含量差异有显著性外,其余各时间点的比较差别无统计学意义.结论:微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植能使脊髓半横断大鼠脊髓后角内 SP 的表达上调,对脊髓半横断损伤后的感觉神经元有保护作用.     

微囊化兔坐骨神经组织移植对大鼠脊髓损伤神经元的影响

目的：观察大鼠脊髓半横断损伤后植入微囊化兔坐骨神经组织对一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响。方法：尼氏染色和NADPH-d组织化学染色。利用图像分析系统检测染色标记细胞数和阳性细胞平均面积、平均光密度。结果：脊髓损伤后神经元数量减少,尼氏体脱失、溶解。术后3d,微囊组NOS阳性细胞数、阳性细胞平均面积及平均光密度均明显高于单损组;术后7d微囊组NOS阳性细胞数和阳性细胞平均面积较细胞组高;术后14d,细胞组NOS阳性细胞数急剧增高超过微囊组,但微囊组仍平稳上升。结论：微囊化兔坐骨神经组织移植能诱导早期NOS表达增加及抑制后期NO过量产生,减轻脊髓继发性损伤,有利于损伤脊髓的修复和再生。     

微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植对脊髓损伤后大鼠GDNF表达的影响

目的探讨微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植对脊髓半横断损伤后大鼠胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）的表达影响。方法成年SD大鼠80只随机分为4组,微囊组（n=25）、细胞组（n=25）、单损组（n=25）、正常组（n=5）。术前制备兔坐骨神经细胞混悬液以及将其微囊化,微囊组、细胞组和单损组大鼠在脊髓半横断伤后,立即在损伤处分别植入10μl微囊化坐骨神经组织细胞1、0μl坐骨神经组织细胞以及10μl生理盐水。于术后2 d7、d1、4 d、21 d2、8 d（每个时相取5只大鼠）取出损伤部位脊髓组织,正常组（每个时相取1只大鼠）则取相应节段脊髓。组织石蜡包埋后切片,行免疫组织化学染色观察GDNF的表达变化。结果 GDNF阳性染色主要见于神经元细胞及胶质细胞的胞浆内。大鼠脊髓损伤后上述细胞2 d后表达开始上升2,1 d达到最高。微囊组与单损组、细胞组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论微囊化兔坐骨神经组织细胞移植于大鼠损伤脊髓后,可以抑制炎症反应,促进GDNF的表达,有利于大鼠运动功能恢复。     

微囊化施万细胞异种移植对大鼠脊髓损伤修复的影响

在无菌条件下取日本大耳兔坐骨神经，经胰酶消化、低速离心后制成细胞悬液，置RPW I 1640培养基中培养，差速贴壁法分离纯化。倒置显微镜下观察，免疫组织化学检测S—100、NGF，证实为施万细胞。与海藻酸钠混合，经双腔喷头喷入氯化钡溶液制作微囊化施万细胞。实验分为微囊组、空囊组、细胞组和对照组。将SD大鼠左侧T10脊髓节段横切后，     

电针刺激对大鼠脊髓损伤部位神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响

背景:神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白是一个中间丝过渡表达蛋白,其表达水平是最常用的星形胶质细胞的特异性标志蛋白。中医治疗脊髓损伤历史悠久,大量研究表明针刺"督脉""足阳明胃经"对脊髓损伤的神经再生修复具有一定作用。目的:观察电针刺激后脊髓损伤大鼠损伤部位神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达的变化,进一步探讨电针刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠神经再生的影响。方法:将120只SD大鼠随机分为5组,即督脉电针组、胃经电针组、混合电针组、模型对照组和假手术组,每组24只,除假手术组不进行脊髓切断外,其他各组均制备T₁₀脊髓半横断损伤模型。每个组再随机分为治疗后3,7,14,21 d组,每亚组6只。假手术组及模型对照组不进行干预,其他3个电针组进行相应电针干预。以免疫组化法检测损伤局部神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性细胞的表达;PCR、Western blot检测神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白m RNA及蛋白的表达情况。结果与结论:(1)模型对照组损伤后神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达水平呈先增高后降低的趋势,与未损伤的假手术组相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);(2)督脉电针组、胃经电针组与模型对照组相比,神经胶质纤维酸...     

微囊化兔嗅球细胞悬液移植对脊髓损伤大鼠GFAP及NF200表达的影响

目的:探讨微囊化兔嗅球组织细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠胶质原纤维酸性蛋n(GFAP)及神经丝蛋白200(NF200)表达的影响.方法:SD大鼠分为正常组、损伤对照组、细胞悬液组、微囊化移植组.用免疫组织化学染色方法观察损伤脊髓内GFAP及NF200表达,变化.结果:脊髓损伤后NF200及GFAP表达均呈进行性增高,二者有显著的相关性;微囊组术后7、14、21 d胶质原纤维酸性蛋白的表达显著低于损伤对照组;但微囊组脊髓内NF200表达显著升高.结论:微囊化兔嗅球细胞悬液移植可促进损伤脊髓内的NF200表达并抑制GFAP表达,有可能有助于脊髓功能的恢复.     

脊髓损伤模型大鼠神经胶质细胞增殖与胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达

背景：星形胶质细胞可以通过细胞裂解释放各种神经营养因子,并可促进损伤脊髓的修复。 目的：观察脊髓损伤模型大鼠神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达及对其后肢功能恢复的影响。 方法：将SD大鼠采用Allen's法撞击T9~10节段致脊髓损伤,造模成功后蛛网膜下腔移植骨形态发生蛋白7,并设置仅蛛网膜下腔移植His蛋白的正常SD大鼠做对照。用BBB评分法评估两组大鼠后肢的运动功能,用免疫组织化学染色法和Western-blot法观察各组神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达。 结果与结论：BBB评分结果显示,模型组大鼠脊髓损伤后下肢功能自行恢复率达68%。模型组脊髓损伤3和7 d,损伤区域神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达逐渐增加(P  < 0.05),随后逐渐下降,于脊髓损伤28 d后逐渐恢复到对照组水平(P > 0.05)。脊髓损伤后1~14 d两组胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达逐渐升高(P > 0.05)。结果证实,脊髓损伤后蛛网膜下腔移植骨形态发生蛋白7可诱导星形胶质细胞增殖,神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达增强,进而促进脊髓损伤大鼠后肢功能的恢复。     

急性脊髓损伤后胶质酸性蛋白表达变化及意义

目的 观察急性脊髓损伤(SCI)后大鼠后肢功能恢复情况，以及损伤后胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的变化。方法 取雌性SD大鼠32只随机分为4组(n=8)：假手术组、伤后5d、9d、18d组．Allen法致伤脊髓．用大鼠综合行为评分法(CBS)对各级神经功能评分。用免疫荧光化学染色和图像分析的方法观察GFAP表达变化。结果 1．在行为观察中，发现大鼠脊髓损伤后有自行恢复倾向，损伤后18天后肢功能恢复67．5％。2．脊髓损伤后18d GFAP表达明显增强。结论 1、急性脊髓损伤后脊髓有自我修复的倾向。2、胶质细胞对脊髓损伤后的功能恢复起到重要作用。     

微囊化雪旺细胞移植研究进展

微囊技术为组织 /细胞移植开辟了新途径 ,它有效地避免了移植后的免疫排斥反应 ,并解决了移植物来源稀少的问题。微囊具有良好的免疫隔离作用 ,体现在对免疫活性细胞及部分细胞因子的阻挡作用 ,使移植物能存活下来并发挥其功能。雪旺细胞的分离纯化技术已日渐成熟 ,目前对微囊化雪旺细胞的研究取得了一定的进展 ,使异种雪旺细胞的移植在治疗神经损伤方面成为可能 ,并具有广阔的应用前景。     

Schwann cells of the olfactory nerves contain glial fibrillary acidic protein and resemble astrocytes

—Two antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein from human brain and an antiserum to a 49 k dalton glial filament protein from human brain detected a cross-reacting antigen in the Schwann cells of the olfactory and vomeronasal nerves. The antigen was demonstrated at light- and electron-microscope levels. It was found throughout the cytoplasm and in association with cytoplasmic filaments of olfactory nerve Schwann cells in intact tissue and in Schwann cells grown in vitro.This observation, together with observations on the ultrastructure of olfactory nerve Schwann cells, relates them to central astroglia and to glial cells of the myenteric plexus, rather than to Schwann cells of other peripheral nerves. The unusual properties of olfactory nerve Schwann cells are of interest in relation to the regenerative abilities of the olfactory nerves.     

宫内感染后低龄大鼠脑组织中胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达变化

目的:探讨胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在宫内感染后低龄大鼠脑组织中的表达变化及其意义。方法: 对孕大鼠子宫内注入大肠杆菌建立宫内感染的大鼠模型,以子宫内注入生理盐水为对照组。两组分别于生后1、3、7、14及21 d取幼鼠脑组织,应用免疫组化方法检测脑组织中不同脑区GFAP的表达。结果: 生后1、3 d龄大鼠仅脑室旁白质区可见少许GFAP阳性细胞,两组细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05),其余脑区未见明显GFAP表达。感染组7日龄大鼠脑室旁白质和海马区GFAP阳性细胞数增多,与对照组比较差异显著(脑室旁白质区:9.73±3.55 vs 5.67±1.90,P<0.05;海马区:7.81±3.61 vs 2.16±1.11,P<0.05)。感染组14 d龄大鼠脑室旁白质、胼胝体及皮层区GFAP阳性细胞数增多,与对照组比较均有显著差异(脑室旁白质区:12.72±1.81 vs 9.00±0.93,P<0.01;胼胝体区:10.98±3.26 vs 4.44±1.15,P<0.01;皮层区:5.43±1.79 vs 2.71±0.67,P<0.01)。两组21 d龄大鼠各脑区GFAP阳性细胞数无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论: 宫内感染后低龄大鼠脑组织中GFAP表达增加。     

Electron microscopic features of brain edema in rodent cerebral malaria in relation to glial fibrillary acidic protein expression

The mechanisms leading to cerebral malaria (CM) are not completely understood. Brain edema has been suggested as having an important role in experimental CM. In this study, CBA/CaH mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA blood-stage and when typical symptoms of CM developed on day 7, brain tissues were processed for electron-microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. The study demonstrated ultrastructural hallmarks of cerebral edema by perivascular edema and astroglial dilatation confirming existing evidence of vasogenic and cytogenic edema. This correlates closely with the clinical features of CM. An adaptive response of astrocytic activity, represented by increasing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the perivascular area and increasing numbers of large astrocyte clusters were predominately found in the CM mice. The presence of multivesicular and lamellar bodies indicates the severity of cerebral damage in experimental CM. Congestion of the microvessels with occluded white blood cells (WBCs), parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) and platelets is also a crucial covariate role for CM pathogenesis.     

激光损伤视网膜后神经元凋亡及GFAP表达的研究

目的 观察兔视网膜激光损伤后神经元细胞有无凋亡改变及视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）的表达变化。方法 应用末脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ－Ｘ切口末标记法（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）标记凋亡细胞。应用免疫组化染色显示视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表示。结果伤后６ｈ、１、３、７ｄ视网膜各层可见散在分布的ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性凋亡细胞,尤以外核层多见,伤后３ｄ,视网膜可见Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表达;伤     

Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mouse tanycytes

Summary Immunohistochemical techniques were used to stain for the astrocytespecific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the cells lining the third ventricle of the developing and mature mouse brain. Before birth immunoreactive tanycytes were only observed in the infundibular recess of the median eminence, where they could first be seen at embryonic day 17. They possessed long processes running towards the ventral surface of the brain. During the early postnatal period GFAP-positive tanycytes gradually appeared throughout the third ventricle, although the ependymal cells themselves remained unstained. The tanycytes retained their immunoreactivity for anti-GFAP serum in the adult, and were also evident in the adult rat third ventricle. It is suggested that the presence of GFAP in these specialised cells of the third ventricle indicates that they, the transient radial glia of the developing cerebral cortex, the persistent Bergmann glia of the cerebellum, similar astrocytes with radial processes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and conventional astroglia are all closely related cell types.     

银杏内酯B对树鼩血栓性脑缺血后GFAP表达的影响及机制探讨

目的:观察树鼠句血栓性脑缺血形成后不同部位星形胶质细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的时间消长改变,以及血小板活化因子(PAF)受体拮抗剂银杏内酯B(GB)对GFAP表达的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:建立光化学诱导树鼠句血栓性脑缺血模型,用免疫组化法检测缺血后4、2 4、72hGFAP表达,最后用图像分析系统测定其平均灰度。结果:脑缺血后半暗区GFAP表达增多,以2 4h最为显著,其平均灰度值为6 0 .33±3 .0 9(P <0 . 0 1) ,72h表达仍高,其平均灰度值为6 0. 88±2 . 6 2 (P <0 . 0 1) ,此时对侧及远隔区GFAP表达增强。光化学反应后6h于舌下静脉注射GB(5mg/kg) ,发现缺血后2. 4h半暗区星形胶质细胞GFAP表达明显下调,与对照组相比有显著差异(P <0 . 0 5 )。结论:缺血性脑损伤后星形胶质细胞表达GFAP增多与神经元受损有关;GB通过拮抗血小板活化因子(PAF)对神经元的损伤作用使星形胶质细胞表达GFAP减少。     

Effect of intra-cisternal application of kainic acid on the spinal cord and locomotor activity in rats

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of idiopathic etiology. Glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the proposed hypotheses causing progressive death of motor neurons. We aimed to develop an experimental animal model of this disease to enhance the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanism of ALS. Male Wistar rats were infused with Kainic acid (KA) intra-cisternally for 5 days at the dosage of 50 fmol/day and 150 fmol/day. Locomotor activity, sensory function and histological changes in cervical and lumbar sections of spinal cord were evaluated. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Neurofilament Protein (NFP) were used as immunohistochemical marker for reactive astrogliosis and neuronal damage respectively. Specific Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity of spinal cord was estimated. The locomotor activity in the parameter of observed mean action time remained reduced on 14^th day after administration of KA. Spinal motor neurons under Nissl stain showed pyknosis of nucleus and vacuolation of neuropil. GFAP expression increased significantly in the lumbar section of the spinal cord with high dose of KA treatment (p<0.05). NFP was expressed in axonal fibres around the neurons in KA-treated rats. A significant increase in specific SOD activity in both cervical and lumbar sections of the spinal cord was found with low dose of KA treatment (p<0.05). This study concludes that spinal cord damage with some features similar to ALS can be produced by low dose intra-cisternal administration of KA.     

ODQ对脑缺血再灌注后海马区环磷酸鸟苷及胶质纤维酸性蛋白合成的影响

目的：探讨不同浓度的ODQ对沙土鼠海马区环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）生成及胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）合成的影响。方法：钳夹沙土鼠的双侧颈总动脉复制脑缺血模型,应用免疫荧光法染色。结果：脑缺血再灌流后,海马本部cGMP生成及GFAP合成增加,cGMP及GFAP阳性细胞主要分布于CA₁区放射层及腔隙分子层,多数cGMP阳性细胞是星形胶质细胞,cGMP强阳性细胞对应细胞的GFAP染色也多呈强阳性。ODQ能抑制海马本部cGMP生成及GFAP的合成。结论：ODQ是GC强有力的抑制剂,能抑制海马本部cGMP的生成,cGMP信号传导途径可能与GFAP的合成调节有关。