使用MPA导管经桡动脉行双侧颈动脉造影方法可行性探讨

目的研究经桡动脉途径行双侧颈动脉选择性造影新的常规造影方法。方法对广东省人民医院2011年1月至2011年3月期间32例经桡动脉应用MPA造影导管行双侧颈动脉选择性造影患者进行回顾性分析。结果桡动脉穿刺成功率100%,经桡双侧颈动脉选择性造影成功率100%,无并发症发生。结论本方法行双侧颈动脉选择性造影操作可行、安全,可做为常规颈动脉造影方法。     

Partial splenic embolization.

Partial splenic embolization (PSE) is a non-surgical procedure developed to treat hypersplenism as a result of hepatic disease and thus avoid the disadvantages of splenectomy. A femoral artery approach is used for selective catheterization of the splenic artery. Generally, the catheter tip is placed as distally as possible in an intrasplenic artery. After an injection of antibiotics and steroids, embolization is achieved by injecting 2-mm gelatin sponge cubes suspended in a saline solution containing antibiotics. PSE can benefit patients with thrombocytopenia, esophagogastric varices, portal hypertensive gastropathy, encephalopathy, liver dysfunction, splenic aneurysm, and splenic trauma. The contraindications of PSE include secondary splenomegaly and hypersplenism in patients with terminal-stage underlying disease; pyrexia or severe infections are associated with a high risk of splenic abscess after PSE. Complications of PSE include daily intermittent fever, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, abdominal fullness, appetite loss, and postembolization syndrome. Decreased portal-vein flow and a rapid increase in the platelet count after excessive embolization may cause portal-vein or splenic-vein thrombosis.     

Coronary and bypass graft angiography via the right radial approach using a single catheter

Transradial cardiac catheterization in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery can be technically challenging. The presence of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft was previously considered a relative contraindication for a right radial procedure, but there are several reports demonstrating the feasibility and safety of LIMA angiography from a right radial access. This case report demonstrates that transradial coronary and bypass graft angiography including LIMA angiography from the right radial approach is technically feasible with a single catheter. Catheter options for LIMA angiography from right radial access will also be discussed.     

308例经桡动脉途径冠状动脉造影的临床分析

目的 :探讨用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影术的可行性和方法学。方法 :30 8例 ,男性 2 35例 ,女性 73例 ,平均年龄 (6 1 8± 8 7)岁。临床诊断 :稳定性心绞痛 10 5例 (34 1% ) ,不稳定性心绞痛 6 2例 (2 0 1% ) ,急性心肌梗塞 75例 (2 4 4 % ) ,其它 6 6例 (2 1 4 % )。手术过程 :1 Allen试验 ;2 桡动脉穿刺 ;3 用Judkins导管行选择性右冠和左冠造影。结果 :2 95例造影获得成功 ,成功率为95 8%。造影结果 :74例 (2 5 1% )冠脉正常 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )单支病变 ,73例 (2 4 75 % )双支病变 ,75例(2 5 4 % )三支病变。导管选择 :1.右冠造影 :2 95例中 ,2 85例 (96 6 % )用Judkins右冠导管 ,9例 (3 0 6 % )用Amplatz右冠导管 ,1例 (0 34% )用Voda右冠导管 ;2 左冠造影 :2 5 6例 (86 8% )用Judkins左冠导管 ,31例 (10 5 % )用Amplatz左冠导管 ,8例 (2 7% )用Voda左冠导管。结论 :用Judkins导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影是一种安全可行的选择 ;经皮穿刺桡动脉途径具有止血容易、术后无须卧床休息、病人痛苦小和并发症少等优点。     

Entrapment of a looped/kinked catheter in the brachial artery and its successful retrieval during transradial coronary catheterization

Transradial access for cardiac catheterization is widely accepted as a safe and viable approach with markedly decreased incidence of major accessrelated complications compared to the transfemoral approach. Minor catheter looping or kinking during catheter manipulation is common and can be managed with gentle rotation, and thus goes unnoticed without complications. Rarely, this looped/kinked catheter can get entrapped and require an invasive approach for retrieval. To our knowledge, there is only one such case described for the transradial approach, where the authors had to use a 6 Fr Amplatz gooseneck snare kit via right femoral approach to remove the entrapped catheter. We present a case of entrapped looped/kinked 5 Fr catheter during transradial catheterization in the brachial artery and describe a novel approach of removing this entrapped catheter through the same radial access without any complications.     

Transradial approach for transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma]

We devised a catheter designed for a transradial artery approach and carried out selective hepatic arteriography and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in 1999. To evaluate the clinical usefulness and safety of our new catheterization, we compared the results of transradial approach with those of the conventional transfemoral approach. In 164 (98.9%) of 166 patients in the radial group, hepatic arteries and the SMA were successfully visualized by an approach via the left radial artery. TACE via the radial artery was attempted in all 164 patients in whom the sheath was able to be inserted. When the amount of time required from puncture to sheath removal was compared, the two groups of patients showed no intergroup difference. Complications occurred in 4 patients (2.6%) in the radial group: there were 2 cases of temporary dull pain and 2 cases of numbness at the site of puncture, all of which improved after slight release of the tourniquet. In conclusion, the present study reported that TACE by our new transradial approach was found to have therapeutic efficacy comparable to that of the conventional transfemoral approach. This technique is only minimally invasive and is associated with few complications. We consider that the transradial artery catheterization may become a technique of first choice of TACE.     

塑型Judkins R造影导管在经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影中的应用

目的探索塑型JudkinsR导管用于经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影的有效性与可行性。方法2006年3月～2007年8月．我院行经桡动脉径路冠状动脉造影及介入治疗243例，男139例，女104例，年龄38～78岁。按使用造影导管分成3组，Terumo 5F共用型（TIG）导管组78例；通用型6F Cordis Judkins（JL3．5、JR4．0）导管组67例；6F Cordis Judkins R（JR4．0）导管组98例（包括使用塑型6F Judkins R导管75例）。比较上述各组间造影操作时间、X线曝光时间、冠状动脉造影成功率和并发症；比较单纯使用普通6F JR4．0导管与使用塑型6FJR4．0导管造影成功率。结果Terumo共用型导管组和JudkinsR导管组的平均操作时间、x线曝光时间低于通用型Judkins导管组（P〈0．05）。Judkins R导管组造影成功率低于Terumo共用型导管组和通用型Judkins导管组（P〈0．05），但是塑型Judkins R导管的造影成功率（88％）高于普通Judkins R导管（61％）（P〈0．05）。在Terumo共用型导管组和Judkins R导管组中桡动脉痉挛发生率低于通用型Judkins导管组（P〈0．05）。结论塑型Judkins R导管完成经桡动脉冠状动脉造影是没有共用型造影导管时的安全有效选择．合理的塑型是使用这种方法完成经桡动脉冠状动脉造影成功的关键。     

Routine transradial coronary angiography in unselected patients

OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare the results of changing from routine transfemoral to routine transradial coronary angiography performed by a single operator. DESIGN: A learning period of 3 months for the transradial procedure with 43 selected patients was followed by a 12-month routine period with 243 unselected patients. The success and complication rates, contrast volumes, catheter and X-ray times were measured and compared to results of a preceding period where the transfemoral approach was used. Follow-up was performed in the transradial groups 1.5-25 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Of the non-selected patients, 9% were deemed unsuitable for the radial procedure. In the remaining 91% in which the transradial route was attempted, success was achieved in 91%. The complication rate was 2.7%. Increased operator experience reduces catheter and fluoroscopy times. At follow-up, 4.7% of the radial arteries were occluded, but the patients were without clinical sequelae. The occlusion rate was significantly higher with an unsuccessful procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Transradial coronary angiography can be performed safely and with acceptable image quality in non-selected patients after a learning period of 43 cases. Total procedure time is shorter than with the transfemoral approach. There were no bleeding complications and no procedure-related complications that required treatment.     

Anatomical considerations in transradial intervention

The radial artery is currently regarded as a useful vascular access site for coronary procedures. The transradial approach for percutaneous coronary procedures has the advantage of reduced access site complications but is associated with specific technical challenges in comparison with the transfemoral approach. Transradial procedure failures can sometimes be due to failure to puncture the artery, radial artery spasm and anatomic variations of radial-brachial-axillary-subclavian artery axis or arch of aorta. Therefore, adequate anatomical information of the radial artery should be helpful in performing the transradial coronary procedure. In short proper patient selection and pre-procedure preparation; gentle and patient approach; liberal use of dye injection (check shoots) when in doubt; asking patient to breathe deeply when needed and thoughtful problem solving approach are the key factors to achieve high transradial success rate.     

经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术治疗冠状动脉复杂病变

目的 评价经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术治疗冠状动脉复杂病变的安全性、可行性.方法 纳入2013年11月至2014年4月,经桡/尺动脉置入6F桡动脉鞘造影后,需要用7F导引导管行介入治疗的患者31例.在桡动脉鞘内置入长260 cm,直径0.036 in（1 in=2.54 cm）非亲水涂层导丝至升主动脉;撤出桡动脉鞘,将6 F 110 cm猪尾管插入7 F 100 cm导引导管内,猪尾管头端突出于导引导管外;将猪尾管和导引导管呈一体,穿入长260 cm,直径0.036 in导引导丝,通过皮肤切口逐次进入桡动脉,导引导管到位后撤出猪尾管.结果 31例导引导管均成功通过桡动脉,到达靶冠状动脉开口,完成介入治疗后撤出导引导管.术后观察24 h,所有患者桡动脉穿刺处无出血,穿刺侧上肢未发生血肿、感觉障碍.术后1个月随访,未发生桡动脉闭塞.结论 经桡动脉普通导引导管7F无鞘技术是治疗冠状动脉复杂病变可选用的相对安全、有效的途径.     

Thrombus-aspiration through 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach in acute coronary syndromes: feasibility of a mini-invasive strategy

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach in acute coronary syndromes. Background: The use of thrombus‐aspirating devices improves myocardial reperfusion but requires at least a 6 Fr guiding catheter. Transradial coronary interventions using a 5 Fr guiding catheter are attractive to reduce bleeding complications. Methods: We retrospectively selected patients presenting acute coronary syndromes with angiographically visible thrombus who underwent thrombus‐aspiration through radial access using a 4 Fr multipurpose catheter in a 5 Fr guiding catheter. We described clinical and angiographic characteristics of the cohort, and the procedure's technique, success and complications. Results: Among the 34 included patients, 29 presented ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction. Complete resolution of the ST‐segment elevation was effective in 93% of these patients. TIMI flow grade after thrombus‐aspiration was significantly improved compared to baseline TIMI flow grade or after passage of the guidewire (P < 0.001 for both). There was no dissection or perforation but we noted distal embolization in 5 cases probably explained by the high grade of intracoronary thrombus in our cohort. Conclusion: Thrombus‐aspiration through a 5 Fr guiding catheter with transradial approach seems to be safe and effective in selected patients with acute coronary syndrome. This mini‐invasive approach brought the advantages of the transradial access in 5 Fr but also its limitations. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:323–329)     

Selection of hardware and cathlab preparation for transradial approach

The percutaneous transradial approach for cardiac catheterization has been shown to be a safe alternative to femoral artery approach, owing to the favorable anatomical relation of the radial artery to surrounding structures and the dual blood supply to the hand. Selection of guide catheter is elementary but an issue of extreme importance in performance of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and depends on the size of aorta, location of ostia on the aorta, the kind of back-up required and whether the artery arises from a normal origin or anomalously. Currently a variety of guiding catheters are available, each with a unique design and construction, which has vastly improved the technique of transradial PCI. However, much of the cause for procedural failure of the radial approach is associated with the need for higher technical skills and the difficulty in using femoral catheters in the smaller radial artery. There is a learning curve, and many interventionists are uncomfortable attempting a more technically challenging procedure. Nevertheless, it is a procedure that can be taught, and with the innovation of new catheters and devices made specifically for radial approach, it may become easier to adopt for interventionists with a sound knowledge of the anatomical considerations and skill on guiding catheters and hardwares. The current article provides a vivid insight on the various aspects of the learning curve for Transradial approach including proper patient selection, radial access assessment, troubleshooting arm vessel anomalies, guide catheter selection and engagement, augmentation of guide support, and adjunctive device selection.     

Transradial approach for noncoronary angiography and interventions.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and safety of a transradial approach for non-coronary angiography and interventions. BACKGROUND: Generally, the transradial approach is used for coronary angiography and intervention around the world, and experiences have been widely reported. However, few large studies have examined the transradial approach for vessels other than the coronary or cerebral artery. METHODS: Subjects comprised 329 patients who underwent a total of 400 procedures (285 abdomens, 68 pelvises, and 47 lower limbs) with transradial angiography and interventions between January 1999 and June 2006. Normal Allen test results were confirmed before all procedures. A 130- or 150-cm long 4F catheter modified to our own design was used for angiography and interventions such as transarterial embolization or transarterial chemotherapy. RESULTS: Radial artery access was unachievable in 19 of the 400 procedures (4.8%). The radial artery was injured during 1 procedure (0.2%). In the remaining 380 procedures, sufficient angiography was obtained to grasp the condition of indispensable vessels for diagnosis and interventions scheduled in advance succeeded. Total transradial technical success rate in the series was 95%. Frequency of complications such as radial injury or radial spasm was 1.8%. No cases of local hematoma, hand ischemia, or cerebral infarction were encountered. CONCLUSION: The transradial approach was useful for non-coronary angiography and interventions and offers the advantages of low risk and reduced stress on patients.     

经桡动脉行双侧颈动脉造影的可行性分析

目的:探讨经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影的同时行双侧颈动脉造影的可行性.方法:39例患者,男性21例,女性18例,年龄49～72岁,平均65岁,经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影的同时使用Sinnnons导管进行选择性双侧颈动脉造影.结果:37例顺利完成选择性冠状动脉及舣侧颈动脉造影,2例失败,成功率为94.9%.无一例并发症.结论:经桡动脉行双侧颈动脉造影安全可行.     

Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With History of CABG Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Via the Radial Versus Femoral Approach

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to examine rates of radial artery access in post–coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients undergoing diagnostic catherization and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), whether operators with higher procedural volumes and higher percentage radial use were more likely to perform diagnostic catherization and/or PCI via the radial approach in post-CABG patients, and clinical and procedural outcomes in post-CABG patients who undergo diagnostic catherization and/or PCI via the radial or femoral approach.BackgroundThere are limited data comparing outcomes of patients with prior CABG undergoing transradial or transfemoral diagnostic catheterization and/or PCI.MethodsUsing the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry, all diagnostic catheterizations and PCIs performed in patients with prior CABG from July 1, 2009, to March 31, 2018 (n = 1,279,058, 1,173 sites) were evaluated. Temporal trends in transradial access were examined, and mortality, bleeding, vascular complications, and procedural metrics were compared between transradial and transfemoral access.ResultsThe rate of transradial access increased from 1.4% to 18.7% over the study period. Transradial access was associated with decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75 to 0.91), decreased bleeding (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.63), decreased vascular complications (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.47), increased PCI procedural success (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.16; p < 0.0001), and significantly decreased contrast volume across all procedure types. Transradial access was associated with shorter fluoroscopy time for PCI-only procedures but longer fluoroscopy time for diagnostic procedures plus ad hoc PCI and diagnostic procedures only. Operators with a higher rate of transradial access in non-CABG patients were more likely to perform transradial access in patients with prior CABG.ConclusionsThe rate of transradial artery access in patients with prior CABG undergoing diagnostic catheterization and/or PCI has increased over the past decade in the United States, and it was more often performed by operators using a transradial approach in non-CABG patients. Compared with transfemoral access, transradial access was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with prior CABG.     

Feasibility of routine transradial coronary angiography: a single operator's experience

The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of routine transradial coronary angiography in a standard population of patients with presumed coronary artery disease over a period of time long enough to allow for technical evolution and evaluation of a single operator's learning curve, and to provide data for a randomized comparison versus the femoral approach. Between June 1994 and March 1997, transradial angiography was attempted in 1,000 patients. Approximately 25% of these patients were excluded because of an abnormal Allen test. Except in the case of acute myocardial infarction, there was no selection based on symptoms, age, sex, weight or size in the absence of double internal mammary artery bypass graft operation or simultaneous right heart catheterization. Symptoms and angiographic results were typical of a standard population. The right radial approach was used in 95% of the cases for ease of handling and comfort of a right-handed operator. Radial artery puncture and catheterization success was obtained in 97.6% of the cases; the left coronary artery was selectively catheterized in 100%, right coronary artery in 98%, left ventricle in 96.9%, mammary artery grafts in 100% and saphenous grafts in 97.2%. Average procedure duration was 18 +/- 9 minutes, and decreased progressively with experience and catheter strategies. The optimal catheter selection would seem to be a single catheter, either left Amplatz or Champ, for both coronary arteries. Two coronary complications and 3 transient neurological complications occurred, but no clinically significant vascular complications requiring surgery or transfusion were reported. Transradial angiography seems to be a routine approach that should now be compared with the femoral approach and supersede the brachial approach whenever possible.     

Transradial renal stenting: Why and how

Transradial vascular access for invasive procedures is gaining increasingly acceptance due to reduced access‐site complications and improved patient's comfort compared with transfemoral. However, the adoption of transradial access in peripheral vascular procedures is actually limited by anatomical and technical considerations. Yet, among all the peripheral vascular districts, the renal one seems to be particularly suitable for transradial approach. In this article, we discuss the rationale for preferring the radial approach instead of femoral and review the specific technical issues related to transradial renal artery stenting (RAS). © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Evaluation of the effect of partial splenic embolization on platelet values for liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia

AIM： TO investigate the effect of partial splenic embolization （PSE） on platelet values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and to determine the effective embolization area for platelet values improvement.
METHODS： Blood parameters and liver function indicators were measured on 10 liver cirrhosis patients （6 in Child-Pugh grade A and 4 in grade B） with thrombocytopenia （platelet values 〈 80 × 10^3/μL） before embolization. Computed tomography scan was also needed in advance to acquire the splenic baseline. After 2 to 3 d, angiography and splenic embolization were performed. A second computed tomography scan was made to confirm the embolization area after 2 to 3 wk of embolization. The blood parameters of patients were also examined biweekly during the 1 year follow-up period. RESULTS： According to the computed tomography images after partial splenic embolization, we divided all paUents into two groups： low （〈 30%）, and high （≥ 30%） embolization area groups. The platelet values were increased by 3 times compared to baseline levels after 2 wk of embolization in high embolization area group. In addition, there were significant differences in platelet values between low and high embolization area groups. GPT values decreased significantly in all patients after 2 wk of embolization. The improvement in platelet and GPT values still persisted until 1 year after PSE. In addition, 3 of 4 （75%） Child-Pugh grade B patients progressed to grade A after 2 mo of PSE. The complication rate in 〈 30% and ≥30% embolization area groups was 50% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION： Partial splenic embolization is an effective method to improve platelet values and GPT values in liver cirrhosis patients with thrombocytopenia and the ≥ 30% embolization area is meaningful for platelet values improvement. The relationship between the complication rate and embolization area needs further studies.     

经桡动脉4F导管行冠状动脉造影的可行性与安全性研究

目的评价4F造影导管经桡动脉途径行冠状动脉造影的可行性与安全性。方法入选2008年5月至2009年5月于安贞医院就诊初次行冠状动脉造影的患者947例,使用随机数字表随机分为4F导管组和5F导管组。比较两组间造影成功率、造影图像质量、手术时间、对比剂用量、压迫止血时间、单导管完成率、导管打结率、桡动脉痉挛发生率以及术中和术后不良心血管事件,分别于术前24h,术后24h,术后4周行右桡动脉彩色多普勒超声。结果 4F导管组和5F导管组在造影成功率、造影图像质量、手术时间、对比剂用量、单导管完成率、导管打结率、桡动脉痉挛发生率等方面差异均无统计学意义,压迫止血时间4F组显著短于5F组(4.62±0.98)h比(6.36±0.93)h,P<0.001。除5F组一例患者于术中出现心室颤动外,两组患者均未出现院内、院外死亡、急性血栓事件、严重出血事件、前臂大血肿等;4F组桡动脉闭塞、桡动脉内膜增厚率均显著少于5F组(分别为0.60%比2.30%,P=0.038;1.10%比4.10%,P=0.003)。结论 4F造影导管经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影术安全、可行,同时对桡动脉损伤小,血管并发症少,术后压迫止血时间短,舒适度更高。     

Coronary artery fistula with a giant aneurysm treated by percutaneous transradial embolization

Coronary artery fistulas are rare anomalies that are very rarely accompanied by an aneurysm. The minimally invasive method of percutaneous transradial embolization, using a thin guiding catheter, was used to treat a coronary artery fistula with an associated giant aneurysm. This technique, not previously described for this type of application, is presented as a case report. The successful outcome of this procedure demonstrated that transradial coronary interventions are useful for treating coronary artery fistulas with an associated giant aneurysm, especially in patients at high risk for conventional surgery or transfemoral interventions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.