腺样体残体伴复发性分泌性中耳炎的综合治疗

目的 观察综合疗法对腺样体残体伴复发性分泌性中耳炎的治疗效果。方法 对2004～2007年20例伴腺样体残体的复发性分泌性中耳炎患者(29耳)行内窥镜下腺样体切除术,并行咽鼓管吹张和全身药物等治疗。结果 术后随访6个月～3年, 26耳（17例,89.7%）治愈,1耳（1例,3.4%）好转, 2耳（2例,6.9%）治疗无效,总有效率93.1%。结论 本综合疗法可有效治疗腺样体残体伴复发性分泌性中耳炎。     

腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效研究

目的　探讨腺样体切除在治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎中所起的作用。方法　分析2013年1月～2015年5月合并腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患儿120例分为4组,每组30例,第 1组患者仅予以抗炎和促分泌物排出等药物治疗,第2组患者行腺样体切除术结合上述药物治疗,第3组患者行鼓膜穿刺抽液或鼓膜置管术,第4组患者在第3组同样操作的基础上结合腺样体切除术。结果　第1、2组比较,两组患者治愈时间及复发率均有统计学差异。第3、4组比较,两组患者治 愈时间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,复发率有统计学差异。结论　腺样体切除术可以缩短合并腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎治疗所需要的时间,同时能减低治疗后复发率。     

腺样体肥大程度与分泌性中耳炎的相关性研究

目的：探讨腺样体大小与分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的相关性。方法：根据腺样体肥大的程度．将140例患儿分为腺样体中度肥大组和病理性肥大组。分析腺样体肥大程度对中耳功能的影响及两组间SOM发病率的差异。结果：两组之间SOM发生率差异有统计学意义；两组之间声导抗图的类型分布差异具有统计学意义。结论：腺样体肥大程度与SOM发病率呈正相关。     

腺样体切除术联合显微镜下鼓膜置管术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎是中耳的常见病及多发病,尤以儿童的发病率较高。腺样体肥大、慢性腺样体炎一直被认为是引起分泌性中耳炎的重要原因,既往对无明显腺样体肥大的分泌性中耳炎患儿仅行鼓膜     

内镜下中耳置管并腺样体切除治疗小儿分泌性中耳炎

小儿分泌性中耳炎(otitis media with effusion,OME)是一种常见病、多发病,亦是儿童致聋的重要原因,且有上升趋势,对于OME的治疗越来越受到重视,目前的治疗方法多种多样,各家报道不一,我们采用内镜下鼓膜置管并腺样体切除治疗OME患儿62例,取得满意效果,现报告如下.     

鼓室置管联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除术治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效观察

目的探讨鼓室置管术加腺样体切除术治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法将保守治疗无效的75例(96耳)分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为两组:治疗组39例(51耳),行鼓室置管术加鼻内镜下腺样体切除术;对照组36例(45耳),单纯行鼓室置管术。结果治疗组患儿术后咽鼓管功能、鼓膜形态、中耳积液吸收。鼓室压图峰压值改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论鼓室置管术联合鼻内镜下腺样体吸切除术治疗儿童SOM有较好的疗效,并且避免了传统的腺样体刮除术的缺点。     

手术治疗儿童腺样体肥大致反复发作的分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨治疗儿童经手术切除肥大腺样体后致顽固性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法：对32例行腺样体切除后患儿进行听力、声阻抗、纯音测听方面的检查。结果：治愈28例,好转3例,无效1例,有效率96.9%。结论：切除腺样体可作为治疗儿童反复发作的分泌性中耳炎（otitis media with effusion OME）的手段之一。     

鼓膜穿刺或鼓膜置管联合腺样体切除治疗儿童分泌性中耳炎疗效分析

目的　对比分析腺样体切除术联合鼓膜穿刺（adenoidectomy with auripuncture,AT+A）与腺样体切除术联合鼓膜置管（adenoidectomy with tympanostomy tube,AT+T）对儿童分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法　选取我院于2010年9月至2014年9月收入治疗的分泌性中耳炎患儿92例,将其根据治疗方式的不同分为AT+T组和AT+A组,其中AT+T组48例,AT+A组44例,回顾性分析两组患者的治疗效果,治疗前后听阈的变化以及术后复发率和感染并发症等一系列临床资料。结果　治疗后随访一年内两组患者听阈得到了明显的下降,纯音听力提高,但两者不存在显著性差异（P >0.05）。AT+T组总有效率97.9%,AT+A组的总有效率为95.4%,两者无显著差异（P >0.05）。AT+T组中耳积液的平均时间为（7.3±0.8）d,感染率为6.3%,复发率为4.2%,AT+A组中耳积液的平均时间为（11.7±0.4）d,感染率为15.9%,复发率为11.4%,均存在显著性差异（P <0.05或P <0.01）。结论　AT+T和AT+A两种治疗方式均能有效的提高分泌性中耳炎患儿的听力水平,对分泌性中耳炎患儿具有良好的治疗效果,但是AT+T较AT+A能显著缩短中耳积液时间,有效降低患儿的复发率和感染率,更加适用于分泌性中耳炎患儿的临床治疗。     

内镜手术治疗腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎

目的：探讨腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治方法和手术效果。方法：对37例患儿行内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术。结果：患儿术后听力均提高,拔管后随访13～17个月未见复发。结论：内镜下腺样体切除＋鼓膜置管术对腺样体肥大致儿童分泌性中耳炎有确切疗效。     

Laser myringotomy in otitis media with effusion: long-term follow-up

Otitis media with effusion is a leading cause of conductive hearing loss in children. Myringotomy and insertion of tympanostomy tubes is the accepted form of treatment. Recently, several studies utilizing laser myringotomy have been published, but few of them present late results. The objective of this study was to compare late results of the treatment with laser and classical myringotomy. A clinical effectiveness trial was conducted in three groups of children: (1) 37 children treated with laser myringotomy (ML), (2) 29 children treated with laser myringotomy and the insertion of tympanostomy tubes (ML+V) and (3) 43 children treated with classical myringotomy and the insertion of tympanostomy tubes (MC+V). All types of surgery were performed under general anesthesia because adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy was done at the same time. The results of treatment were assessed on the basis of the otoscopic examination (recurrences of effusion, condition of the tympanic membrane, and audiological examination (pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry and DPOAE). The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. The recurrence rate was lowest in the ML+V (11%) group, and highest in the ML group (36%). The difference between ML+V and MC+V was not significant. Permanent changes in the tympanic membrane were observed in 8% of the ears after ML, 19% after ML+V and 31% after MC+V. The difference was significant between the ML and MC+V groups. PTA was significantly higher in the MC+V group than in the control group of otologically healthy children. Mean amplitudes of DPOAE, measured in treated children with normal tympanometry results, were significantly lower than in the control group, but within the normal range. The use of CO₂ laser during myringotomy has no negative effect on the function of the cochlea. Healing of the tympanic membrane after laser myringotomy was uneventful with a low percentage of permanent sequelae.     

CO2 laser myringotomy in children with otitis media with effusion

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical application of CO2 laser myringotomy in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) under topical anaesthesia in an office setting. METHODS: Laser myringotomy was performed with the CO2 laser Otoscan (OtoLAM) in 54 children (73 ears) with OME. The procedure on the tympanic membrane was performed under topical anaesthesia using Bonain's solution or 10 per cent Xylocaine (lidocaine) solution for 30 minutes before surgery. A circular perforation was created with a power of 15 W, single pulse duration of 200 msec and a scanned area of 1.9 mm in diameter. RESULTS: The mean healing time was 2.51 weeks (range 1-5 weeks). Effusion content was not a predictive prognostic factor for perforation healing time. Perforation location over anterior inferior or posterior inferior quadrants was not a predictive factor for perforation healing time. Xylocaine was the more effective anaesthestic. The OME resolution rate was 73 per cent. CONCLUSION: Laser myringotomy provides intermediate duration middle-ear ventilation. It could be beneficial in selected children with OME.     

Comparison between myringotomy and tympanostomy tubes in combination with adenoidectomy in 3-7-year-old children with otitis media with effusion

The specific aim of this study was to compare, by means of a randomized clinical trial, the efficacy between the two surgical combinations - adenoidectomy with myringotomy and tympanostomy (A + T) and adenoidectomy with myringotomy (A + M) - in reducing middle ear disease in children with otitis media with effusion (OME). Seventy-eight 3-7-year-old patients (156 ears) with a history of bilateral middle ear effusion for at least 3 months were randomly assigned to either A + T or A + M. Hearing threshold levels, recurrence rate of the effusion and episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) and otorrhea were evaluated for a follow-up period of 1 year. Audiometry testing showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the hearing loss levels of both groups during the whole follow-up period. Free of AOM episodes were 72% of the patients in the A + T group and 75% of those in the A + M group. None of the patients with A + M had episodes with otorrhea which contrasted with the 40% occurrence rate in the A + T group. During the follow-up period we documented a 10% recurrence rate of OME in the A + T group and 14% recurrence rate in the A + M group. Overall our data suggests that the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in association with adenoidectomy provides no additional benefit to adenoidectomy in association with myringotomy alone in terms of hearing loss or AOM episode occurrences in patients with bilateral otitis media with effusion. Furthermore no relationship was found between the choice of operative intervention and the recurrence rate of OME despite the slightly greater relative risk in the A + M group.     

Effect of adenoidectomy upon children with chronic otitis media with effusion

To investigate the mechanism whereby adenoidectomy influences the subsequent course of patients with chronic otitis media with effusion, we analyzed, on the basis of adenoid size, the outcomes of 476 children randomly assigned to receive, after paracentesis and aspiration of the middle ear, either no treatment, tympanostomy tubes, adenoidectomy, or both. The two groups receiving adenoidectomy did significantly better than those who did not, and the effect was independent of adenoid size. This suggests that reduction of the adenoidal bacterial reservoir may be the mechanism whereby adenoidectomy is effective.     

Use of adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy in children with otitis media with effusion

We conducted a prospective study of 48 children, aged 2 to 14 years, who had persistent bilateral otitis media with effusion, enlarged adenoids, and a bilateral conductive hearing loss. Half of these patients underwent adenoidectomy and the other half adenotonsillectomy. All patients were followed every 2 weeks for up to 6 months. At 2 months postoperatively, the overall success rate in terms of the resolution of middle ear effusion was 85.1%. Success rates were 82.6% in the adenoidectomy group and 87.5% in the adenotonsillectomy group; the difference was not statistically significant. Our findings demonstrate that both adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy are effective for the treatment of persistent otitis media with effusion, and they confirm the findings of other studies. Based on our findings and those of other investigators, we offer a four-step approach to the management of these children.     

Laser myringotomy versus ventilation tubes in children with otitis media with effusion: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVES: Insertion of ventilation tubes in children with otitis media with effusion (OME) is an accepted and common treatment procedure. The majority of patients require general anesthesia. Although laser myringotomy can be performed in local anesthesia, evidence is lacking that this treatment modality is an alternative for tubes, and outcome predictors for laser myringotomy are not available. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. METHODS: We screened 1,403 children with chronic OME that were indicated for placement of ventilation tubes. In the eligible patients, we performed laser myringotomy in one ear and placed a tube in the other ear, both within the same patient. Follow-up was scheduled each month for 6 months. Success was defined as absence of effusion or aural discharge. A logistic regression model was used with success of the therapy as binary outcome. This model was based on base-line variables, asked for in a parent's questionnaire. RESULTS: Two hundred eight children received the allocated intervention, and no complications occurred. The mean closure time of the laser perforation was 2.4 weeks, and the mean patency time of the ventilation tube was 4.0 months. The mean success rate was 40% for laser and 78% for tubes. Ten known variables were found to predict middle ear status after therapy. CONCLUSION: Laser myringotomy is a safe but less-effective procedure than insertion of a ventilation tube in the treatment of chronic OME. The prognostic model enables the otolaryngologist to choose the surgical treatment for the child that benefits most: laser myringotomy or ventilation tube.     

Diode laser myringotomy for chronic otitis media with effusion in adults.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the closure time of diode laser-assisted myringotomies, the incidence of complications, and the hearing results in comparison with the "cold" procedure in adults with otitis media with effusion (OME). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center, university hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight adult patients (39 ears), 13 men and 15 women, age 13 to 76 years (mean, 51.9). Inclusion criteria included 3 months (or more) history of OME resistant to medical therapy. Twenty-two control patients (34 ears) underwent cold myringotomies with knife and ventilation tubes (VT). INTERVENTION: Diode laser myringotomy performed in an office setting under local anesthesia with topical EMLA ointment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Timing of closure of the myringotomy, hearing results, incidence of complications, recurrence of OME. RESULTS: No intra- or postoperative pain nor complications were observed. Otomicroscopic daily monitoring documented the healing patterns of the tympanostomies, which remained patent for 7 to 25 days (average, 15.6 +/- 4.8 days). Immediate improvement of hearing was achieved in every patient. Recurrence of OME was observed in 36 ears (92.3%) within 1 month from healing. In the control group with VTs, healing of the eardrum was observed between 126 and 301 days (average, 183.2 +/- 44.8 days), and recurrence of OME was observed in 8 ears (23.5%) (p < 0.001). One month after healing, the air-bone gap was retained within 10 dB in 10.3% (4/39) of the diode laser group and in 50% (17/34) of the standard procedure group (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Diode laser myringotomy is a straightforward, painless procedure simplified by the thin fiberoptic cables available. Functional benefit is comparable to conventional tympanostomies plus VTs, but the duration of patency is too short to achieve long-term clearance of the effusion in "glue" ears of adult patients. Selected indications could be acute or recurrent otitis media or the prevention of barotraumas in tubal dysfunction.     

腺样体切除对儿童分泌性中耳炎听力的影响

目的探讨腺样体切除术对分泌性中耳炎听力的影响。方法对72例确诊为腺样体肥大所致的分泌性中耳炎患儿随机分为非手术组和手术组，分别进行药物治疗和手术治疗。结果非手术组治疗后听阈≤20dB12耳，手术组治疗后听阈≤20dB36耳，两组治疗后听阈改变经x^2检验差异有显著性。结论腺样体切除术对分泌性中耳炎所致的听力下降的改善是非常有效的。     

Age and adenoid size in relation to adenoidectomy in otitis media with effusion

A previously reported study showed that adenoidectomy resolved effusions in chronic bilateral otitis media with effusion in 36 to 46 per cent of 103 children. This work includes 52 additional cases and assesses the effect of age and adenoid size in relation to adenoidectomy. Pre-operative lateral cephalometric radiographs showed the adenoid size and postnasal space airway. Surgery was allocated randomly into three groups: adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and no surgery. In addition, in all cases a unilateral myringotomy and ventilating tube insertion were performed. The ear not operated upon was assessed for clearance of the effusion at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Following adenoidectomy the effusion resolved in the ear not operated upon in 31 to 45 per cent of cases assessed after 1 year. Tonsillectomy conferred no additional benefit. There was a trend for improved clearance of effusions in children more than 6 years of age, compared with those less than 6 years of age. There was also a trend for improved clearance after removal of larger adenoids from children with smaller postnasal space airways, but this was only significant for 3 months postoperatively.     

Effect of adenoidectomy on otitis media with effusion, tubal function, and sinusitis

Three clinical studies were performed to investigate the effects of adenoidectomy on otitis media with effusion (OME), especially with regard to eustachian tube (ET) disfunction and sinusitis, which often accompanies OME. In the first study, the audiograms, tympanograms, and ET ventilatory functions of 78 adenoidectomized patients (121 ears) and 54 non-adenoidectomized patients (63 ears) were compared over 6 months. The audiograms and tympanograms of the adenoidectomized group showed significant improvement; however, no difference in passive tubal opening pressure was noted despite an improvement in positive pressure equalizing function observed in the adenoidectomized group at 6 months after the operation. In the second study, tubal passive resistance (PR) and the ratio of passive resistance to active resistance (PR/AR) were compared before and 1 month after adenoidectomy using the forced response test (12 subjects, 12 ears). Neither PR nor PR/AR had significantly improved after the operation. In the third study, sinusitis improvement in 45 adenoidectomized patients 6 months after the operation was evaluated in comparison with 33 non-adenoidectomized patients. This condition was found to have improved significantly in the adenoidectomized group. Overall, adenoidectomy appeared effective in reducing the incidence of OME and sinusitis, and in improving the active ventilatory function of the ET without causing changes in the tubal passage. It is conceivable that tubal active ventilatory function was improved due to a reduction of inflammation and pollution around the nasopharynx by adenoidectomy, and that the effect of adenoid mass on the ET is minimal.