肌电诱发电位仪联合康复训练治疗外伤性周围神经损伤

目的探讨肌电图动态监测在外伤所致周围神经损伤电刺激联合康复治疗中的临床价值。方法 86例外伤所致周围神经损伤患儿,随机分为治疗组43例和对照组43例,治疗组给予肌电图定位定量电刺激联合康复治疗,对照组给予低频电脉冲治疗联合康复治疗,在肌电图仪的持续监测下分析2组相应神经在刺激前后的电学变化。结果治疗组桡神经传导速度、正中神经的传导速度、尺神经的传导速度均明显高于对照组和治疗前。2组运动电位潜伏期明显缩短,波幅增大;治疗组治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论外伤所致周围神经损伤患儿应用肌电图仪的定位定量电刺激治疗效果明显,能有效促进周围神经再生及神经功能恢复,值得临床推广使用。     

肌电图定位定量电刺激治疗腕管综合征的疗效观察

目的观察肌电图定位定量电刺激治疗腕管综合征的临床疗效。方法对经我院确诊的100例轻中度腕管综合征的患者随机分为两组:对照组48例和治疗组52例,两组患者均给予常规药物甲钴胺治疗,治疗组同时辅予肌电图定位定量电刺激,并分别予治疗前及治疗后1个月进行肌电图检查,并结合临床表现来评价疗效。肌电图检查包括正中神经远端潜伏期(distal motor latency, DML)、感觉传导速度(sensory conduction velocity, SCV)及波幅(amplitude, AMP)。结果治疗组的肌电图改善情况即传导速度与波幅明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);临床表现改善情况优于对照组。结论肌电图定位定量电刺激可有效促进受损神经修复,恢复神经功能,值得临床推广及应用。     

自身压迫致周围神经损伤12例临床分析

目的:探讨自身压迫致周围神经损伤的临床特点.方法:回顾性分析12例自身压迫致周围神经损伤患者的临床资料.结果:本组患者均为急性起病,因饮酒后睡眠中上肢受压至桡神经损害9例,因长时间(22-25h)下蹲至两侧胫神经损害3例;肌电图检查均为神经源性损害,神经电生理检查示6例右侧、3例左侧挠神经和3例两侧胫神经的远端运动潜伏期延长、复合动作电位波幅降低,感觉传导速度和运动传导速度明显减慢.所有患者均给予糖皮质激素、神经营养药和扩血管药治疗.治疗后,9例桡神经损害的患者中7例基本痊愈,2例显著好转;3例两侧胫神经损害的患者中2例好转,1例无效.结论:自身压迫致周围神经损伤的病因有特殊性,起病急;及时用糖皮质激素治疗效果好,大多预后较好.     

镜像训练对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和心理状态的影响

目的 观察镜像训练对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和心理状态的影响。方法 采用随机数字表将64例恢复期脑卒中偏瘫患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组各32例; 2组患者均给予相同常规康复治疗(偏瘫肢体功能综合训练、作业治疗、中低频电刺激治疗和气压泵治疗),对照组在此基础上增加2次/d,20min/次的镜像训练治疗; 以上治疗均5次/周,连续治疗4周; 2组患者均于治疗前和治疗4周后采用Fugl-Meyer量表上肢部分(FMA-UE)、Wolf运动功能测试量表(WMFT)、贝克抑郁量表(BDS)以及改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评估。结果 治疗前2组FMA-UE评分、WMFT评分、BDS评分、MBI评分比较无明显差异(P>0.05); 治疗4周后除对照组BDS评分无明显变化,其余组别各评分均较治疗前有明显进步(P<0.05),且治疗组FMA-UE、WMFT、BDS、MBI评分与对照组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论 镜像训练可明显提高脑卒中患者上肢运动功能,改善心理状态,提高生活质量。     

神经生长因子治疗周围神经损伤的疗效观察

目的 观察神经生长因子治疗周围神经损伤的临床疗效.方法 纳入60例周围神经损伤患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组.试验组30例采用鼠NGF肌内注射治疗,对照组30例采用维生素B12治疗,治疗4周后观察疗效.观察指标包括疼痛(VAS)、麻木等临床症状和体征,同时观察单神经的神经电生理情况.结果 疼痛改善:试验组总有效率93.33％,对照组为53.33％;麻木改善:试验组总有效率86.67％,对照组为66.67％;2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组恢复神经的感觉及运动电位的潜伏期时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而波幅则均显著高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论 神经生长因子能有效改善患者的疼痛、麻木症状,而且能对神经纤维的修复、电生理功能有促进作用.     

糖尿病周围神经病肌电图临床分析

目的 :探讨糖尿病并发周围神经病的肌电图特点、诊断价值。方法 :采用NDI 2 0 0型肌电诱发电位仪检测糖尿病周围神经病人 5 0例 ,与 3 5例正常人肌电图对照 ,统计分析。结果 :观察组NCV检查 2 60条神经异常率 80 %。正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经全部受累 ,下肢比上肢重 ,感觉神经异常率高于运动神经。可见纤颤电位、正相波以及增大的波幅和时限。对照组NCV检查周围神经无异常。结论 :NCV和EMG能敏感地评价糖尿病周围神经受损程度。     

肌电图诱导的定位刺激对DPN治疗价值

目的探讨肌电图诱导的定位刺激对糖尿病周围神经病（DPN）治疗价值。方法对经临床和电生理确诊为DPN的68例患者，Ⅰ组给予普通的DPN对症治疗，Ⅱ组在给予相同的药物治疗的基础上再根据肌电图检查结果对异常神经进行肌电图诱导的电刺激，观察6个月后两组的临床、神经传导电生理指标。结果Ⅱ组患者的自觉症状、神经电生理指标较Ⅰ组改善明显（P〈0．05）。结论肌电图诱导的定位电刺激对DPN有治疗效果。     

高频超声联合肌电图在腕部正中神经受压诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高频超声联合肌电图在腕部正中神经受压诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取本院2017年2月-2018年3月110例疑似腕部正中神经受压患者为研究对象,手术确诊腕部正中神经受压患者为WZ组,非腕部正中神经受压患者24例为NZ组,分别应用高频超声与肌电图仪对所有患者进行检查,并观察2组患者正中神经运动传导的远端潜伏期(DML)、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)、腕-肘段运动传导速度(MCV)、正中神经感觉传导速度(SCV)、感觉神经的动作电位波幅(SNAP)等肌电图参数,同时观察2组患者高频超声检查的声像图; 以手术确诊为金标准,比较分析不同方案的灵敏度、特异度与准确度。结果 与NZ组比较,WZ组MCV、CMAP、SCV及SNAP均显著降低(P<0.05),而DML显著升高(P<0.05); WZ组患者腕部正中神经横截面面积显著高于NZ组(P<0.05); 肌电图检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共55例,阴性共55例,诊断灵敏度为56.98%,特异度为75.00%,准确度为60.91%,误诊率为25.00%,漏诊率为43.02%; 高频超声检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共57例,阴性共53例,诊断灵敏度为58.14%,特异度为70.83%,准确度为60.91%,误诊率为29.17%,漏诊率为41.86%; 联合检测显示腕部正中神经受压阳性患者共84例,阴性共26例,诊断灵敏度为95.35%,特异度为91.67%,准确度为94.55%,误诊率为8.33%,漏诊率为4.65%; 肌电图、高频超声联合检测腕部正中神经受压患者的灵敏度与准确度均显著高于单项检测(P<0.05)。结论 肌电图可有效诊断早期腕部正中神经受压,高频超声可准确判断卡压部位,肌电图与高频超声联合检测可互为补充并提高诊断准确率、降低漏诊率及误诊率。     

经皮神经电刺激治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床研究

目的探讨经皮神经电刺激治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效。方法将60例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组口服依帕司他治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上采用经皮神经电刺激治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗后测定运动神经传导速度及感觉神经传导速度,比较2组治疗有效率。结果 2组运动传导速度及感觉传导速度治疗后均较治疗前有明显改善,治疗组治疗后较对照组改善更为明显,差异均有统计学意义。结论经皮神经电刺激治疗糖尿病周围神经病变安全有效。     

甲钴胺联合α硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变神经电生理分析

目的探讨甲钴胺联合a硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的神经电生理改变。方法 60例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组给予甲钴胺联合a硫辛酸治疗;对照组给予甲钴胺治疗。比较2组治疗前后运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、交感皮肤反应(SSR)潜伏期和波幅(LAT、AMP)的变化。结果 2组治疗后正中神经和腓总神经的MCV、正中神经和腓肠神经的SCV均高于治疗前,且治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);交感皮肤反应2组上肢波幅均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论甲钴胺联合a硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效显著,值得临床使用。     

Proximal nerve conduction by high-voltage electrical stimulation in S1 radiculopathies and acquired demyelinating neuropathies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and sensitivity of the high-voltage electrical stimulation for studying proximal conduction of peripheral motor axons in normal subjects, S(1) radiculopathies and acquired demyelinating neuropathies. METHODS: Twelve patients with compressive S(1) radiculopathy, 22 patients with acquired demyelinating neuropathy and 29 healthy volunteers were examined. The conduction of peripheral motor axons between lumbosacral roots and the sciatic nerve at the gluteal fold was investigated by high-voltage electrical stimulation delivered percutaneously. RESULTS: The main electrophysiological finding in S(1) radiculopathy was an abnormal side to side difference in the amplitude of the compound motor action potential by proximal stimulation. Overall, the frequency of abnormalities detected by using high-voltage electrical stimulation was similar to that found with conventional EMG studies, and the two methods showed electrophysiological alterations in the same patients. In all patients with acquired demyelinating neuropathy, the proximal motor nerve conduction velocity from lumbosacral roots to the sciatic nerve at the gluteal fold was reduced; proximal stimulation of the motor axons revealed electrophysiological abnormalities more often than when using other electrophysiological techniques (F wave and H reflex). CONCLUSIONS: High-voltage electrical stimulation of peripheral motor axons shows high sensitivity in detecting proximal neuropathies; it can also define the site and relevance of proximal lesions in the peripheral nervous system better than other conventional techniques.     

Single fibre motor evoked potentials to brain, spinal roots and nerve stimulation. Comparisons of the 'central' and 'peripheral' response jitter to magnetic and electric stimuli

Single fibre motor evoked potentials to magnetic and electric non-invasive stimulation of brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerve were recorded in 8 healthy volunteers. The 'central motor jitter' and the 'peripheral motor jitter' were respectively calculated and a comparison between the magnetic and electric modalities was made. The highest degree of latency variability was observed for both magnetic and electric central motor jitter, whilst the peripheral motor jitter to nerve stimulation was as low as the neuromuscular one (range 16-60 microsecond). The magnetic 'central motor jitter' (range 94-1024 microsecond) was much larger than the electric one (range 55-280 microsecond), which was in the order of jitter calculated on H-reflex studies; moreover, the former was organized in a bi- or trimodal distribution. On the contrary, no significant differences were observed between the two modalities when the jitter to nerve stimulation was taken into account. Possible contributions of corticocortical circuitries containing several synaptic interruptions during magnetic as opposed to electric transcranial stimulation, is discussed.     

低频电刺激吞咽障碍训练仪治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察低频电刺激吞咽障碍训练仪治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的疗效。方法 62例脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组31例。两组均给予常规吞咽康复训练治疗,观察组还给予低频电刺激吞咽障碍训练仪治疗。治疗4周后采用洼田饮水试验判断疗效,治疗2周、4周后分别进行标准吞咽功能评估法(SSA)评分检测。结果观察组洼田饮水试验示有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前观察组与对照组SSA评分的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗2周和4周后观察组、对照组SSA评分均明显低于治疗前,且治疗4周后的SSA评分更低(均P0.05)。治疗2周和4周后,观察组SSA评分均明显低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论使用低频电刺激吞咽训练仪治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍疗效较好,值得临床推广。     

经颅视神经管减压术与药物综合治疗外伤性视神经损伤对照研究

目的对比经颅视神经管减压术与药物综合治疗外伤性视神经损伤的临床效果。方法选取我院2015-05—2016-05收治的32例外伤性视神经损伤患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组选用大剂量激素并进行综合治疗,观察组采用经颅视神经管减压术治疗。观察2组临床效果及并发症情况。结果观察组总有效率(87.50%)显著高于对照组(68.75%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率6.25%,明显低于对照组的18.75%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对外伤性视神经损伤患者采用经颅视神经管减压术治疗可起到明显效果,术后并发症较少,值得临床推广。     

经颅磁刺激、电刺激与肉毒素治疗痉挛性斜颈的疗效观察

目的本研究应用磁刺激、电刺激三叉神经和A型肉毒素局部注射来治疗痉挛性斜颈患者,并对三种治疗方法进行疗效对比。方法以扭转型为主的60例痉挛性斜颈患者,随机分为经颅磁刺激组20例,电刺激三叉神经组20例,同期肉毒素局部注射组20例。三组年龄及病程比较无统计学差异。结果经颅磁刺激组和电刺激三叉神经组在治疗前后临床分级评分及临床见效时间评定和临床疗效评定方面均优先于同期肉毒素局部注射组(p<0.01),前两者比较无显著差异(p>0.01)。结论采用经颅磁刺激及电刺激三叉神经眼支的方法治疗痉挛性斜颈疗效显著,且其近期疗效优于A型肉毒素局部注射治疗。     

神经肌电图对特发性面瘫治疗及预后评估的研究

目的探讨神经肌电图(神经电图electroneurography,ENG和肌电图electromyography,EMG)在特发性面瘫治疗及预后评估中的价值。方法采用丹麦生产的keypointⅣ肌电图仪对96例确诊为特发性面瘫的患者进行患侧与健侧ENG、EMG检测,分别记录患侧面神经颞支、颧支、颊支的运动传导潜伏期、波幅以及所支配的额肌、眼轮匝肌、口轮匝肌的肌电图情况,并与自身健侧作对比。结果特发性面瘫患者患侧面神经运动传导潜伏期延长、M波波幅降低,与自身健侧相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。波幅下降<70%、NCV(神经传导速度)减慢<20%、EMG大致正常的轻度患者,3个月内面肌完全恢复,治愈率100%;波幅下降70%～90%、NCV减慢20%～50%、EMG呈部分神经源性损害的中度患者,3个月内大部分可完全恢复,治愈率87.8%;波幅下降>90%、NCV减慢>50%、EMG呈部分或完全神经源性损害的中重度患者,3个月内面肌完全恢复者为50%;诱发电位消失、NCV引不出、EMG呈完全神经源性损害的重度患者,3个月内面肌完全恢复者为25%。结论 ENG和EMG检测对特发性面瘫的神经损伤、面肌恢复等预后评估有重要价值,能对临床治疗提供客观依据。     

Detection and peripheral or central localization of sensory pathway involvement of the lower limbs by somatosensory evoked potentials

In the presence of more or less atypical sensory or sensorimotor symptoms the questions that arise most frequently concern the authenticity of the disorders and the precise level of the lesion. In this study, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle were recorded at different levels in 35 healthy subjects and 32 patients with sensory disorders. Recording electrodes were placed at the popliteal fossa (peripheral sensory nerve conduction velocity), at the T12-L1 level (medullary potential: N21) and at the vertex (P40 wave). The spine to cortex time interval was measured. A systematic study of evoked responses to median nerve stimulation was performed. The 32 patients were divided into 4 groups: Group I (3 cases) had slowed sensory conduction velocity (SCV), similar delay in N21 latency and normal N21-P40: peripheral neuropathy. Group II (4 cases) had normal SCV, delayed N21 latency and normal N21-P40: radicular or conus medullaris injury. Group III (19 cases) had normal SCV, normal N21 latency and lengthened N21-P40 interval. A study of responses to median nerve stimulation made it possible to discriminate between spinal and cortical or subcortical impairment. Group IV (6 cases) had abnormalities from any two of the three groups defined above. In 24 out of 32 patients (75 p. 100), further investigations (myelography, MRI, EMG) confirmed the localization determined by evoked responses. In the other 8 patients (25 p. 100) whose clinical picture suggested a medullary or radicular impairment, SEPs alone clearly revealed an injury. SEPs can distinctly show a spinal impairment and determine the choice of further investigations.     

Brucella: a cause of peripheral neuropathy

Brucellosis is a common infectious disease in Mediterranean countries. We evaluated the peripheral nerve involvement in patients with brucellosis. Thirty-eight patients with brucellosis were examined. Four of them were excluded because of B(12) deficiency and diabetes mellitus. Thirty-four patients were included. The average age was 43.08 +/- 15.3 years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the abnormality in their peripheral nervous system (PNS) examination. All patients underwent nerve conduction and needle electromyography EMG studies. Twenty normal healthy subjects were used as a control group. Axonal sensorimotor neuropathy was determined in 12 patients who also had abnormality in PNS examination. After 6 months of treatment, nerve conduction studies were nearly normal in these patients. The EMG findings of the remaining 22 patients were normal, as well as the clinical examination. However, the motor conduction velocities of median (p < 0.001), peroneal (p < 0.001), and ulnar (p < 0.05) nerves were decreased, F wave latencies were prolonged in the posterior tibial and peroneal nerve, and distal latency was also prolonged in the posterior tibial nerve (p < 0.05) when compared to healthy subjects. Sensory conduction velocities of the median (p < 0.001), ulnar and sural (p < 0.05) nerve were also decreased. Brucellosis may be considered as a cause of clinical or subclinical peripheral neuropathy and should be evaluated especially in endemic areas.     

功能性电刺激干预损伤动眼神经的肌电图评估

Functional electrical stimulation delivered early after injury to the proximal nerve stump has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for enhancing the speed and specificity of axonal regeneration following nerve injury. In this study, the injured oculomotor nerve was stimulated functionally by an implantable electrode. Electromyographic monitoring of the motor unit potential of the inferior oblique muscle was conducted for 12 weeks in two injury groups, one with and one without electric stimulation. The results revealed that, at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after functional electric stimulation of the injured oculomotor nerve, motor unit potentials significantly increased, such that amplitude was longer and spike duration gradually shortened. These findings indicate that the injured oculomotor nerve has the potential for regeneration and repair, but this ability is not sufficient for full functional recovery to occur. Importantly, the current results indicated that recovery and regeneration of the injured oculomotor nerve can be promoted with functional electrical stimulation.