Effect and mechanism of total saponin of Dioscorea on animal experimental hyperuricemia

In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of Total Saponin of Dioscorea (TSD) on animal experimental hyperuricemia. Mouse and rat hyperuricemic models were made by orally administering yeast extract paste once a day (30 and 20 g/kg, respectively), for 7 days. Yeast would disturb normal purine metabolism by increasing xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity and generating large quantities of uric acid. This model is similar to human hyperuricemia, which is induced by high-protein diets, due to a purine and nucleic acid metabolic disturbance. Another mouse hyperuricemia model was generated by intraperitoneal injection once with uric acid 250 mg/kg or potassium oxonate 300 mg/kg. Potassium oxonate, a urate oxidase inhibitor, can raise the serum uric acid level by inhibiting the decomposition of uric acid. Likewise, injecting uric acid can also increase serum uric acid concentration. The concentration of uric acid in serum or urine was detected by the phosphotungstic acid method, and the activity of XOD was assayed by a test kit. The results showed that TSD (240, 120 and 60 mg/kg, ig) could significantly lower the level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. TSD (120 and 60 mg/kg, ig) could also lower the level of serum uric acid in hyperuricemic rats, reduce the activity of XOD in the serum and liver of hyperuricemic rats, and increase the level of urine uric acid concentration as well as 24-hour total uric acid excretion. In conclusion, TSD possesses a potent anti-hyperuricemic effect on hyperuricemic animals, and the mechanism may be relevant in accelerating the excretion and decreasing the production of uric acid.     

3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮对小鼠血尿酸及肝脏XOD/XDH的影响

 目的 研究3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮(P40)对氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠尿酸水平及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化还原酶的影响(量效及时效关系)。方法 腹腔注射尿酸酶抑制剂氧嗪酸钾(450 mg·kg ^-1体重)复制高尿酸血症小鼠模型。用磷钨酸法测定血尿酸(uric acid,UA)水平;用Elisa方法测定肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)及黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)的含量。结果 灌胃给予3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮(0.5~4.0 mg·kg ^-1)后,显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸水平和肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶的含量,与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。灌胃给予别嘌醇30 min、3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮 60 min时即能显著降低高尿酸小鼠血清尿酸水平;给予3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮/别嘌醇15、30、60、90 min后,均能降低肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶及黄嘌呤脱氢酶的含量,与模型组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 ①3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮可降低氧嗪酸钾所致高尿酸血症小鼠的尿酸水平,起效时间慢于别嘌醇;② 3,5,2′,4′-四羟基查尔酮的降尿酸作用与抑制黄嘌呤氧化还原酶活性有关。     

广西特色壮药金边蚂蟥抗痛风活性成分研究

目的：研究金边蚂蟥中具有抗痛风作用的活性成分。方法：采用次黄嘌呤复制小鼠高尿酸血症模型,二甲苯诱导小鼠耳郭肿胀模型,热板法、扭体法筛选金边蚂蟥的活性部位,筛选金边蚂蟥活性成分,观察金边蚂蟥抗抗痛风作用的物质基础。结果：金边蚂蟥水溶性部位是其抗痛风的活性部位,可降低次黄嘌呤诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠的血清尿酸水平,可抑制二甲苯诱导的小鼠耳郭肿胀,可减少醋酸诱导的小鼠扭体反应和增加小鼠热板痛阈;水溶性部位中水蛭素是主要活性成分。金边蚂蟥活性成分（水蛭素）0.8 g/kg和0.4 g/kg及金边 蚂蟥续滤粉2.0 g/kg 可显著降低血清尿酸水平,血清尿酸水平由模型组的232.73±50.93 umol/L 分别下降到140.70±25.97 umol/L、149.07±39.28 umol/L、176.45±44.33 umol/L（P ＜ 0.01）;金边蚂蟥活性成分（水蛭素）0.8 g/kg、0.4 g/kg和0.2 g/kg及金边蚂蟥续滤粉2.0 g/kg可明显抑制二甲苯引起小鼠耳郭肿胀,肿胀度由22.80±2.86 mg分别抑制到20.10±2.18 mg、19.80±2.57 mg、20.10±1.66 mg、20.85±1.60 mg（P ＜ 0.05）;金边蚂蟥活性成分（水蛭素）0.8 g/kg,可明显降低醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数,次数由22.80±2.86次降到20.10±2.18次（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：金边蚂蟥抗痛风的活性部位是水溶性部分,其中水蛭素是其主要活性成分。     

Longan seed extract reduces hyperuricemia via modulating urate transporters and suppressing xanthine oxidase activity

Hyperuricemia causes gouty arthritis, kidney disease, heart disease, and other diseases. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) and urate transporters play important roles in urate homeostasis. Numerous plants have been identified as XOD inhibitors. Longan seeds are known to contain high levels of polyphenols such as corilagin, gallic acid and ellagic acid. We examined the effect of longan seed extract on XOD inhibition and urate transporters GLUT1 and GLUT9 using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The results showed that dried longan seed extract (LSE) and its active components inhibited XOD dose-dependently in vitro. LSE inhibited uric acid production and XOD activity in normal liver cells (clone-9 cells) and was not cytotoxic under the concentration of 200 μg/ml. For the in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were given intraperitoneally for thirty minutes with or without allopurinol (a XOD inhibitor, 3.5 mg/kg) or LSE (80 mg/kg) and then injected intraperitioneally with 250 mg/kg of oxonic acid and 300 mg/kg of hypoxanthine intragastrically. LSE was able to reduce serum uric acid level and XOD activity in hyperuricemic rats. However, LSE or allopurinol did not inhibit the liver XOD activities. On the other hand, GLUT1 protein was suppressed in kidney and GLUT9 was induced in liver from experimental rats and LSE or allopurinol decreased GLUT9 but increased GLUT1 protein level in the liver and kidney, respectively. These results confirmed the claimed effect of longan seeds on gout and other complications and suggested that its urate reducing effect might be due to modulation of urate transporters and inhibition of circulating xanthine oxidase.     

青秦液对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸代谢及相关酶活性的影响

目的观察青秦液对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸代谢及相关酶活性的影响。方法将70只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药组及青秦液大、中、小剂量组。采用灌服腺嘌呤及乙胺丁醇进行造模。阳性药组按0．09mg／kg体重灌服秋水仙碱;大剂量组给予5g／（kg·d）青秦液灌胃,中剂量组给予2．5g／（kg·d）青秦液灌胃;小剂量组予1．25g／（kg·d）青秦液灌胃。采用磷钨酸法测定血尿酸和尿尿酸,采用酶比色法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）和腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）的含量。结果秋水仙碱及青秦液均具有明显降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平的作用,但二者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;在降低高尿酸血症大鼠血ADA活性作用方面,阳性药组及青秦液大、中、小剂量组均明显低于模型组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,且青秦液中、小剂量组大鼠血ADA含量明显低于阳性药组（P〈0．05）;阳性药组及青秦液大、中、小剂量组大鼠血XOD含量均明显低于模型组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论青秦液具有明显降低高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸水平及血ADA、XOD活性的作用;在降低高尿酸血症大鼠血ADA活性作用方面,青秦液中、小剂量组明显优于阳性药组。     

The dual actions of Sanmiao wan as a hypouricemic agent: Down-regulation of hepatic XOD and renal mURAT1 in hyperuricemic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Sanmiao wan (SMW) is widely used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia in traditional Chinese medicine.

Aim of the study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypouricemic effects of SMW and its possible mechanism in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice.

Materials and methods

SMW at 489, 978 and 1956 mg/kg was orally administered to hyperuricemic and normal mice, and standard drug allopurinol (2.5 mg/kg) was served as a positive control. The effects of SMW on serum, urine and liver levels of uric acid, serum levels of creatinine, and activity of hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) were measured in mice. Moreover, the effects of SMW on the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic XOD and renal urate transporter 1 (mURAT1) in mice were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting methods, respectively.

Results

SMW significantly reduced uric acid levels in serum and liver, inhibited hepatic XOD activity, mRNA and protein levels in hyperuricemic mice. Furthermore, SMW could effectively down-regulate renal mURAT1 mRNA and protein levels of hyperuricemic mice. And it reversed oxonate-induced elevation in serum creatinine levels of mice. However, SMW did not show any effects in normal mice.

Conclusion

These findings suggested that SMW produced dual hypouricemic actions by suppressing hepatic XOD to reduce uric acid production and down-regulating renal mURAT1 to decrease urate reabsorption and enhance urate excretion in hyperuricemic mice.     

Effects of cassia oil on serum and hepatic uric acid levels in oxonate-induced mice and xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in mouse liver

We investigated the hypouricemic effects of cassia oil extracted from Cinnamomum cassia using hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate, and its inhibitory actions against liver xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities. Oral administration of cassia oil significantly reduced serum and hepatic urate levels in hyperuricemic mice in a time- and dose-dependent manner. At doses of 450 mg/kg of cassia oil or above, serum urate levels of the oxonate-pretreated mice were not different from the normal control mice. Cassia oil at 600 mg/kg was found to be as potent as allopurinol, which reduced hepatic urate levels to lower than normal. In normal mice, urate levels in liver, but not in serum, were altered with dose-dependent decrease after cassia oil treatment. Furthermore, the ratio, liver uric acid/serum uric acid, was determined after cassia oil administration with time- and dose-dependent decreases in hyperuricemic mice. The positive dose-dependent decrease ratio was also observed after cassia oil treatment in the normal animals. The decreased extent of ratio elicited by cassia oil in normal mice appeared to be greater than that in the hyperuricemic animal. In addition, cassia oil significantly exhibited marked reductions in liver XDH/XOD activities, with an apparent dose-dependence in the normal and hyperuricemic mice. The onset of inhibition in enzyme activities elicited by allopurinol was much higher than that elicited by cassia oil. These results suggested that hypouricemic effects of cassia oil could be explained, at least partly, by inhibiting liver in vivo activities of XDH/XOD.     

Anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of Modified Simiao Decoction in hyperuricemic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Modified Simiao Decoction (MSD), based on clinical experience, has been used for decades and famous for its efficiency in treating hyperuricemic and gouty diseases.

Aim of the study

To investigate the effects of MSD on anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects are involved in potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic mice.

Materials and methods

The effects of MSD were investigated in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate. MSD were fed to hyperuricemic mice daily at a dose of 0.45, 0.90, 1.80 g/kg for 10 days, and allopurinol (5 mg/kg) was given as a positive control. Serum and urine levels of uric acid and creatinine, and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) were determined by colorimetric method. Its nephroprotective effects were evaluated by determining a panel of oxidative stress markers after the intervention in hyperuricemic mice. Simultaneously, protein levels of urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) in the kidney were analyzed by Western blotting.

Results

MSD could inhibit XOD activities in serum and liver, decrease levels of serum uric acid, serum creatinine and BUN, and increased levels of urine uric acid, urine creatinine, FEUA dose-dependently through down-regulation of URAT1 and up-regulation of OAT1 protein expressions in the renal tissue of hyperuricemic mice. It also effectively reversed oxonate-induced alterations on renal MDA levels and SOD activities in this model.

Conclusion

MSD processes uricosuric and nephroprotective actions by regulating renal urate transporters and enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities to improve renal dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice.     

芒果苷对高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸及嘌呤代谢相关酶表达的影响

目的:研究芒果苷对氧嗪酸钾诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸的影响以及对磷酸核糖焦磷酸合成酶(PRPS),磷酸核糖焦磷酸酰胺转移酶(PRPPAT)和次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGPRT) mRNA表达水平的影响。方法:雄性昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为正常组、高尿酸血症模型组、芒果苷1. 5,3. 0,6. 0 mg·kg~(-1)组、别嘌醇组(1. 0 mg·kg~(-1)),每组10只。按10 m L·kg~(-1)每天灌胃给药2次,连续10次,给药后1 h再灌胃给予氧嗪酸钾(500. 0 mg·kg~(-1))诱导形成高尿酸血症小鼠。磷钨酸法测血清尿酸水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测小鼠肝脏PRPS,PRPPAT和脑组织中HGPRT mRNA的表达水平。结果:灌胃给予氧嗪酸钾后,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血尿酸水平显著升高(P 0. 05);给予芒果苷和别嘌醇后,与模型组比较,芒果苷各剂量(1. 5,3. 0,6. 0 mg·kg~(-1))和别嘌醇(1. 0 mg·kg~(-1))均能显著降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平(P 0. 05,P 0. 01);与正常组和模型组比较,芒果苷各剂量组小鼠肝脏PRPS和PRPPAT mRNA的表达没有显著性差异,小鼠脑组织中HGPRT mRNA表达水平也没有显著性差异。结论:在本实验条件下,芒果苷的降尿酸作用与嘌呤代谢相关酶PRPS,PRPPAT和HGPRT mRNA的表达无关。     

菊苣降尿酸有效成分及机制研究

目的初步探讨菊苣降尿酸的有效成分,并对其降尿酸机制、安全性进行初探。方法迪法克鹌鹑50只(雄性),随机分为5组,即对照组、模型组、苯溴马隆组(20 mg/kg)、混合物大剂量组(菊苣酸、绿原酸、秦皮甲素剂量均为150 mg/kg)、混合物小剂量组(菊苣酸、绿原酸、秦皮甲素剂量均为50 mg/kg),每组10只。除对照组喂鹌鹑普通饲料外,其余各组均给予高嘌呤饲料(普通饲料拌入酵母提取物15 g/kg)复制高尿酸血症模型。给药3周,动态观察鹌鹑血清尿酸(UA)水平、肝功能指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平、肾功能指标肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)水平、UA代谢相关酶黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)和腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)活性的变化。结果造模期间,与对照组相比,第7~21天模型组鹌鹑血清UA水平显著升高(P0.05);与模型比相比,第7~21天混合物大、小剂量组鹌鹑血清UA水平显著降低(P0.05);混合物大、小剂量组鹌鹑血清的ALT、AST、Cr、BUN水平未显著升高(P0.05),且各给药组鹌鹑血清XOD、ADA活性均显示不同程度的抑制。结论菊苣降尿酸活性成分可能为绿原酸、秦皮甲素、菊苣酸,安全性较好,其发挥药效的机制可能与抑制XOD、ADA活性有关。     

清热排毒胶囊对高尿酸血症大鼠血尿酸及黄嘌呤氧化酶的影响

目的观察清热排毒胶囊对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响,探讨其部分作用机理。方法选用健康SPF级SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分成空白组、模型组、别嘌醇组及清热排毒胶囊高、中、低剂量组,各组均予相应药物灌胃7d后,采用腹腔注射次黄嘌呤及皮下注射氧嗪酸钾制备大鼠高尿酸血症模型。检测大鼠血清尿酸（UA）及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性（XOD）。结果清热排毒胶囊高剂量组大鼠血清UA水平显著降低（P〈0.01）。清热排毒胶囊高、低剂量可抑制大鼠肝脏XOD活性,与模型组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论清热排毒胶囊可通过抑制肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性而降低血清尿酸水平。     

桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用的研究

目的：研究桂枝汤对高尿酸血症小鼠肾保护作用及其机制。方法：用氧嗪酸钾诱导小鼠产生高尿酸血症模型,并随机分为6组：空白对照组、模型对照组、别嘌呤醇组（5 mg·kg^-1）、桂枝汤组（900、1 799和3 598 mg·kg^-1）。苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠肾脏组织病理学变化;商品化试剂盒测定小鼠血清和尿液中尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平以及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化（XOD）活性。采用Western blot方法检测动物肾脏尿酸盐转运子（URAT1）、葡萄糖转运子9（GLUT9）、三磷酸腺苷结合转运蛋白G超家族成员2（ABCG2）、有机阳离子转运子1（OCT1）、OCT2、有机阳离子/肉毒碱转运子1（OCTN1）和OCTN2。结果：与模型对照组比较,桂枝汤可明显降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸、肌酐和尿素氮水平,增加尿液尿酸和肌酐浓度,提高尿酸排泄分数。另外,桂枝汤可有效抑制高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏XOD活性,下调模型动物肾脏URAT1和GLUT9蛋白水平,上调肾脏ABCG2、OCT1、OCT2、OCTN1和OCTN2蛋白水平。结论：桂枝汤可能通过抑制高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏XOD活性以减少尿酸生成、调节肾脏有机离子转运子蛋白水平以促进尿酸及其他有机离子排泄,从而发挥其降尿酸和肾保护作用。     

Hypouricemic effects of phenylpropanoid glycosides acteoside of Scrophularia ningpoensis on serum uric acid levels in potassium oxonate-pretreated Mice

Phenylpropanoid glycoside acteoside was extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Scrophularia ningpoenis Hemsl. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acteoside administration on serum uric acid levels in mice rendered hyperuricemic with the uricase inhibitor potassium oxonate. When administered orally for 3 days at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg, acteoside reduced serum uric acid levels by 15.2, 23.8 and 33.1%, respectively, relative to vehicle-treated hyperuricemic mice. Importantly, in non-hyperuricemic mice, the serum uric acid levels were not affected by acetoside treatment. Acteoside also inhibited mouse liver xanthine dehydrogenase XDH and xanthine oxidase XO activity at all three doses. These results suggest that the hypouricemic action of acteoside may be attributable to its inhibition of XDH/XO activity.     

基于叶绿体全基因组的贝母属特异性DNA条形码的筛选

本研究通过对贝母属4个物种叶绿体基因组进行全局分析,分别查找基因区域和基因间区的高变异区域,筛选用于高效鉴别贝母属植物的新DNA条形码序列。相关研究发现贝母属植物的基因区域序列相似度极高,不适用于DNA条形码鉴定研究;共有7个基因间区可以作为潜在的贝母属植物鉴定的特异性DNA条形码。本研究所构建的DNA条形码筛选方法,为筛选用于难鉴定科属的新的DNA条形码提供了通用的方法体系。     

Hypouricemic Effects of Anthocyanin Extracts of Purple Sweet Potato on Potassium Oxonate‐induced Hyperuricemia in Mice

Gout is a clinical syndrome in which tissue damage is induced by a chronic metabolic disorder associated with increased concentrations of uric acid in the blood. The study investigated the hypouricemic effects of anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato (APSP), and allopurinol, on serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice. It was found that administration of a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg APSP to such animals reduced the serum uric acid concentration to 4.10 ± 0.04 mg/dL, compared with a concentration of 10.25 ± 0.63 mg/dL in the hyperuricemic control group. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当归补血汤对高尿酸血症肾损害的保护作用研究

目的 观察当归补血汤对高尿酸血症大鼠肾损害的影响.方法 将50只大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、治疗低、中、高3个剂量组.模型组给予大量高尿酸饮食,造成肾损害模型,对照组给予普通饮食,治疗组给予高尿酸饮食的同时给予当归补血汤低、中、高3个治疗剂量;14 d后分别测定各组大鼠肾组织所分泌的一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性,同时测定肾组织SOD和MDA含量、治疗组与模型组比较,观察各项指标有无统计学意义.结果 与对照组相比,高尿酸血症组大鼠肾组织细胞产生的NO含量和NOS、SOD均减少,MDA升高,有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与模型组相比较,给予当归补血汤治疗后血清尿酸(UA)水平降低,同时肾组织含量升高,MDA降低,其中中剂量组与模型组相比有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05),低剂量和高剂量组与模型组相比无统计学意义.结论 当归补血汤对高尿酸血症造成的肾损害有保护作用.     

水蛭素对高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸盐转运体OAT1、URAT1、GLUT9表达的影响

目的 探究水蛭素对高尿酸血症大鼠的作用及机制。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、别嘌醇（30 mg/kg）组和水蛭素低、中、高剂量（0.2、0.4、0.8 g/kg）组。大鼠ig氧嗪酸钾（0.75 g/kg）,1次/d,连续5周,建立高尿酸血症模型;同时各给药组分别ig相应剂量的药物,1次/d,连续5周。采用生化法检测大鼠血清和尿液中的尿酸水平;免疫组化法测定肾组织中有机阴离子转运蛋白1（organic anion transporter 1,OAT1）水平;Western blotting法测定肾组织中葡萄糖转运体9（glucose transporter 9,GLUT9）、OAT1、尿酸盐转运体1（urate transporter 1,URAT1）蛋白表达;qRT-PCR检测肾组织中GLUT9、OAT1、URAT1 mRNA表达。结果 模型组大鼠血清和尿液中尿酸水平显著升高（P<0.01）,GLUT9、URAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）,OAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显降低（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,水蛭素可显著降低大鼠血清和尿液中尿酸水平（P<0.01）,显著下调GLUT9、URAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平（P<0.01）,显著上调OAT1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平（P<0.01）。结论 水蛭素可通过调控高尿酸血症大鼠肾脏尿酸盐转运体OAT1、URAT1、GLUT9的表达,从而发挥降尿酸作用。     

基于分子对接技术的藤茶总黄酮对高尿酸血症肾功能损伤保护机制研究

目的探讨藤茶总黄酮(total flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata,AGTF)对高尿酸血症(hyperuricemia,HUA)肾功能损伤的保护机制。方法利用分子对接技术,将藤茶总黄酮主要活性成分与HUA相关靶点蛋白尿酸重吸收转运体1(uric acid reabsorption transporter 1,URAT1)、葡萄糖转运蛋白9(glucose transporter 9,GLUT9)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G2(adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G2,ABCG2)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XOD)和腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)进行分子对接。采用腺嘌呤联合乙胺丁醇复合方法制备HUA肾功能损伤大鼠模型,以AGTF进行干预,检测大鼠血清中尿酸代谢酶XOD和ADA活性、尿酸以及肾功能生化指标肌酐和尿素氮的水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠肾脏组织病理变化;Western blotting法检测大鼠肾组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)蛋白的表达;免疫组化法检测大鼠肾组织中URAT1、GLUT9和ABCG2蛋白的表达。结果分子对接结果表明,AGTF主要活性成分二氢杨梅素、杨梅素、槲皮素和藤茶素与疾病相关靶点对接得分均较高,提示AGTF可能通过干预URAT1、GLUT9、ABCG2、ADA和XOD发挥抗HUA肾功能损伤的作用。AGTF能显著降低HUA肾功能损伤模型大鼠血清中XOD和ADA的活性以及尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮的水平(P<0.05、0.01)。HE染色结果显示,AGTF能缓解模型大鼠肾小球基底膜增厚,减轻肾小管排列紊乱及坏死,抑制病变区域内纤维组织增生。Westernblotting和免疫组化结果显示,AGTF能显著降低大鼠肾组织中炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、TGF-β蛋白和尿酸盐重吸收相关蛋白URAT1、GLUT9的表达(P<0.05、0.01),显著升高尿酸盐排泄相关蛋白ABCG2的表达(P<0.05、0.01)。结论 AGTF对HUA肾功能损伤大鼠具有较好的保护作用,其作用机制可能与降低TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和TGF-β表达,抑制炎症反应,并调节尿酸盐转运蛋白URAT1、GLUT9和ABCG2的表达,促进尿酸代谢有关,与分子对接预测结果一致。     

一种复合萃取物降尿酸量效与时效关系研究

目的研究一种复合萃取物(主要由葡萄皮、葡萄籽、红酒萃取物及人参、枸杞萃取物组成)体内降尿酸作用的量效和时效关系。方法雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,别嘌醇组及复合萃取物高、中、低剂量(400、200、100 mg/kg)组。时效关系研究中,各组分别连续给药2、4、7、10、13、16、20 d后,ip氧嗪酸钾溶液20 m L/kg造模;量效关系研究中,各组连续ig给药7 d后,ip氧嗪酸钾溶液20 m L/kg造模;按照试剂盒方法分别测定小鼠血清及尿液中尿酸水平及肝组织中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性。结果时效关系研究发现,复合萃取物组给药4 d即显示出明显的降尿酸活性,连续给药7 d后,其低、中、高3个剂量组均表现出显著的活性,且在连续20 d的实验过程中,小鼠生理和精神状态都非常好。量效关系研究表明,复合萃取物低剂量(100mg/kg)时即显示良好的降尿酸活性,并存在一定的量效关系,以高剂量组最为显著,且高剂量组还显示出显著的抑制肝脏XOD的活性。结论复合萃取物在体内具有良好的降尿酸活性,呈现一定的量效和时效关系,其降尿酸作用与抑制XOD活性有关。