超重对青少年动态血压的影响

【目的】探讨超重[体质指数(body mass index,BMI)≥24]对青少年动态血压(ambulatory blood pressure,ABP)的影响。【方法】应用TM-2421 ABP监测仪(A&D,日本)记录24 h ABP,252例青少年按年龄、性别、身高配比原则分为两组(每组女49例,男77例):对照组平均(13.68±1.21)岁,身高(165.37±9.45)cm,BMI(18.82±2.3);超重组(13.71±1.23)岁,身高(165.75±9.47)cm,BMI(27.70±3.1)。ABP数据录入数据库并采用余弦法和常规统计方法分析处理ABP数据。【结果】青少年ABP昼夜变化呈勺形,大多数儿童有明显的ABP近日节律性。超重组的ABP节律性参数(调整中值、峰值、谷值、振幅等)和多数ABP参数(SBP、DBP、PP、MAP均值,BP变异性,BP负荷和心率血压乘积等)均较对照组有显著性升高。【结论】超重对青少年ABP有明显影响作用。     

青少年体成分与血压的关联性及最佳关系研究

目的了解青少年主要身体成分与血压之间的关联性,为降低患高血压的风险提供参考依据。方法随机分层抽取天津市年龄在12～15岁、智力正常且无重大疾病、自愿加入研究的初中生366名,采用In Body 520人体成分分析仪测试受试者身体成分。以主要身体成分为自变量,收缩压、舒张压为因变量进行曲线拟合并筛选最优模型。结果女生体脂百分比高于男生,去脂体重、收缩压、脉压差均低于男生(t值分别为-4.73,8.68,2.38,2.37,P值均<0.05)。混合型肥胖组的收缩压、舒张压高于正常体型组(F值分别为6.59,4.78,P值均<0.01)。6种拟合模型中,男生除体脂百分比与舒张压之间的二次模型的AIC值和R²值无统计学意义外,其余模型均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。女生除去脂体重与收缩压之间的三次模型,体脂百分比与舒张压的线性、对数模型,去脂体重与舒张压的线性、对数、二次、三次、复合模型的AIC值和R²值无统计学意义外,其余模型均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。除女生去脂体重与收缩压、舒张压之间的二次、幂方程满足AI...     

Relationship between body composition and blood pressure in Bahraini adolescents

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between body composition and blood pressure (BP) in Bahraini adolescents. A sample of 504 Bahraini schoolchildren aged 12-17 years (249 boys and 255 girls) was selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling procedure. BP measurements were performed on the students. Anthropometric data including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and triceps, subscapular and medial calf skinfold thicknesses were also collected. BMI, percentage body fat, waist:hip (WHR), and subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio were calculated. Mean systolic BP and mean diastolic BP were higher in males than in females. Weight and height in boys and weight only in girls were significantly associated with systolic BP independent of age or percentage fat. Nearly 14 % of the adolescents were classified as having high BP. BMI and percentage body fat were significantly and positively associated with the risk of having high BP in the boys and girls. Adolescents with high WHR or WC, as indicators for central obesity, tended to have higher BP values. The results from the present study indicate that obesity influences the BP of Bahraini adolescents and that simple anthropometric measurements such as WHR and WC are useful in identifying children at risk of developing high BP. These findings together with the known tracking of BP from adolescence into adulthood underline the importance of establishing intervention programmes in order to prevent the development of childhood and adolescent obesity.     

苏州儿童青少年体质量指数与血压水平非线性效应分析

探讨6~17岁正常体重儿童和青少年体质量指数(BMI)对高血压前期和高血压的非线性效应,为控制儿童青少年血压水平并制定针对性的干预措施提供参考.方法 排除肥胖、超重和信息不完整者之后,共有522 646名苏州地区2017年中小学生健康体检者被纳入分析.根据2010年中国学生体质与健康调研报告中分年龄和性别的结果计算BMI标准分.高血压前期和高血压根据近期针对6~17岁正常体重儿童和青少年确立的血压参考标准进行确定.BMI对高血压前期和高血压的非线性效应根据限制性立方样条模型进行分析,采用立方样条Logistic回归估计发生风险,并且根据年龄、性别进行分层分析.结果 与BMI得分为0相比,BMI得分为-2.0,-1.5,-1.O,-0.5,0.5,0.8和1.O相对应的高血压前期的OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为0.58(0.56~0.61),0.67(0.65~0.69),0.77(0.75 ~ 0.78),0.88(0.87~0.89),1.12(1.11~1.13),1.20(1.18~ 1.22)和1.26(1.23~ 1.28),相对应的高血压的OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为0.51(0.49~0.53),0.60(0.59~0.62),0.72(0.70~0.73),0.85(0.84~0.86),1.17(1.16~1.18),1.29(1.27~ 1.31)和1.37(1.34~ 1.40).结论 正常体重儿童和青少年BMI对高血压前期和高血压的效应为非线性.相对超重和肥胖者,血压控制在正常体重儿童和青少年人群中仍需引起关注.     

A school-based intervention can reduce body fat and blood pressure in young adolescents.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of increasing the aerobic component of the school's physical activity program and improving the knowledge about weight control and blood pressure on the blood pressure and body fat of early adolescents. METHODS: The subjects were 1140 youth aged 11 to 14 years (630 females, 510 males; 64% white, 24.4% African-American, and 11.6% "other"), who were randomly assigned by school into four treatment groups: exercise only, education only, exercise and education combined, and control group. Heights, weights, and skinfold thicknesses were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was computed kg/m(2). Blood pressure was obtained in duplicate using a random-zero mercury sphygmomanometer. Maximal oxygen uptake was predicted from a submaximal cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance statistics, adjusting for gender, ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, and initial baseline characteristics. RESULTS: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased more in the control group than in the intervention groups (p =.001). The BMI did not change significantly (p =.709), but the sum of skinfolds increased less in subjects in the exercise intervention groups than the education only or control groups (p =.0001). The small increase in (p)VO(2)max of the combined exercise and education group was significantly greater than the education only group (p =.0001). CONCLUSION: An exercise program for youth can have a positive effect on blood pressure independent of body weight loss.     

北京地区儿童青少年体重指数与血压关系的研究

目的 阐明北京地区7～15岁儿童青少年体重指数(或体质指数,BMI)与血压的关系,并为中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)提出的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准是否能够敏感区分正常体重、超重和肥胖组的血压值提供交叉验证的依据。方法 2000年4～5月,采用分层整群随机抽样对北京地区5155名6～15岁儿童青少年进行肥胖流行特点及其危险因素的横断面调查。按照WGOC推荐的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准建议,以及美国疾病预防控制中心推荐的儿童高血压标准诊断儿童高血压,采用Person相关分析、t检验、X~2检验和logistic多因素回归分析等统计学方法,分析了其中7～15岁4982名研究对象的资料。结果(1)在控制了年龄、性别的影响后,7～15岁儿童青少年的BMI与收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)独立正相关[偏相关系数(r)检验P<0.0001,BMI与SBP、DBP的偏r分别为0.323 87和0.245 88;(2)SBP值、DBP值都是肥胖组>超重组>正常体重组,差异有显著性(P<0.001);(3)正常体重、超重、肥胖组间高SBP率、高DBP率、高血压患病率差异有显著性(均为P值<0.0001),与正常体重组相比,超重、肥胖组患高血压的相对危险度(RR)分别为2.96和4.85。超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率分别高达19.70％和24.22％。(4)logistic多因素回归分析结果提示,年龄和体重对SB     

青岛市中小学生体成分与血压的相关性分析

目的 分析儿童青少年脂肪组织指数(FMI)和非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)与血压的关系,为心血管病的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法 以青岛市参加2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的4 469名7~17岁儿童青少年为研究对象,测量其身高、体重、血压及皮脂厚度等指标,用长岭晋吉公式和Brozek公式估算体脂百分含量(BF%),并计算FMI和FFMI。按照中国儿童青少年血压参考标准判定血压偏高与否,采用t检验和多因素线性回归分析等方法进行分析。结果 血压正常组学生的上臂皮脂厚度、肩甲下角皮脂厚度及腹部皮脂厚度以及BMI、FMI、FFMI均低于血压偏高组学生(P均<0.01);多因素分析显示,肩甲下角皮脂厚度、FMI及FFMI对收缩压的影响具有统计学意义,肩甲下角皮脂厚度和FFMI对舒张压的影响具有统计学意义。结论 FMI及FFMI相对于BMI可以作为儿童青少年高血压更合适的预测指标。从儿童青少年开始控制BMI,FMI的增长,是预防成年期高血压的关键。     

Racial differences in blood pressure levels of adolescents.

Although essential hypertension is more prevalent among Black adults than White adults, results of an extensive high school blood pressure screening program reveal that this relationship does not obtain among adolescents. In fact, the blood pressure levels of White youths equal or exceed that of Black youths. This race effect still exists when age, sex, weight, and socioeconomic status are controlled.     

青少年体质指数预测偏高血压中曲线分析应用

目的 分析体质指数（BMI）预测偏高血压者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积，观察中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖BMI分类标准超重、肥胖界值点预测偏高血压的灵敏度和特异度。方法 随机抽选1850名14～16岁北京中学生，测量身高、体重和血压。按中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖BMI分类标准，观察各组血压分布，绘制ROC曲线，观察曲线下面积，计算超重、肥胖界值点的灵敏度、特异度。结果 BMI预测偏高血压ROC曲线下面积均〉0．5（男0．789；女0．680。P〈0．001）。超重界值点比肥胖有更高灵敏度，而肥胖的界值点具有良好的特异度。结论 BMI预测偏高血压具有良好的有效性，且男生优于女生。     

血压测量次数对藏族青少年血压偏高检出率的影响分析

目的 分析血压测量次数对藏族青少年血压偏高检出率的影响,为规范血压测量次数,准确诊断青少年血压偏高提供科学依据。方法 数据来源于2018年8－9月在西藏自治区日喀则地区开展的“藏族青少年血压偏高影响因素调查”项目。采用方便分层整群抽样的方法,共纳入2 822名12~17岁藏族青少年,其中男生1 275人（占45.2%）。对所有研究对象进行连续3次血压测量,依据我国卫生行业标准——WS/T 610－2018《7岁~18岁儿童青少年血压偏高筛查界值》进行青少年血压偏高的诊断。采用方差分析和χ²检验分别探讨不同的测量次数及其组合对血压均值和血压偏高检出率的影响。结果 第1、2、3次的平均SBP和DBP值分别逐渐下降［SBP依次为（112.7±9.7）、（110.7±9.7）、（110.2±9.5）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）;DBP依次为（62.7±8.2）、（61.1±8.5）、（60.6±8.5）mmHg;趋势检验P<0.001］。基于第1、2、3次血压值诊断的血压偏高检出率依次为12.8%、8.7%和7.9%（趋势检验P<0.001）。基于第2次血压值、基于第2、3次血压均值诊断的血压偏高检出率,差异无统计学意义（分别为8.7%和7.2%,P=0.039）。结论 随着血压测量次数的增加,青少年平均血压水平和血压偏高检出率逐渐下降。基于第2次血压测量值,足以用于筛查青少年血压偏高。     

Assessment of physical activity among rural Senegalese adolescent girls: influence of age, sexual maturation, and body composition.

PURPOSE: To analyze the level of habitual physical activity and its relationship with age, maturational stage, and growth status in a group of adolescent Senegalese girls. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed for 3 consecutive years in a sample of 40 girls of rural origin. They were 13.3 +/- 0.5 years old at the beginning of the study and belonged to a Sereer community located in the center of Senegal. Minute-by-minute movement counts using accelerometers enabled quantification of levels of physical activity. The assessment was performed during a 4-day period in the first round (1997) and during a 3-day period in 1998 and 1999. Half of the girls were not yet pubescent during the first round, and the whole sample displayed growth retardation in weight and stature, compared with the World Health Organization/National Center for Health Statistics reference. RESULTS: Estimated levels of activity were high, ranging from 1.80 to 1.85 multiples of basal metabolic rate. There was a clear decline in the activity level during the course of study. Schoolgirls were less active than the others. Mature adolescents showed more activity during the night. A weak, but significant and positive correlation existed between body mass index and activity during the day; during the night, there was a positive correlation with fat and lean body mass. CONCLUSION: Factors determining the activity level were intricate but greater maturity and better nutritional status appeared to be positively related to the activity level.     

肥胖儿童血压与体质指数及血清胰岛素关系

目的 探讨青春期肥胖儿童血压与体质指数(BMI)及空腹血清胰岛素(INS)的关系.方法 选取13-14岁青春期肥胖儿童65名和体重正常儿童87名为研究对象,测量身高、体重、血压,并计算BMI,用放免法测定空腹血清INS.结果 青春期肥胖组儿童高血压发生率(26.15%)明显高于对照组儿童(2.35%)(P=0.000),肥胖组高血压发生的相对危险度为11.377;肥胖组儿童空腹血清INS平均为(26.87±11.57)mU/L,高于对照组儿童(16.34±5.28)mU/L(P=0.000);收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)与空腹血清INS在控制BMI后均无相关性(P<0.05);SBP和DBP与BMI在控制INS后仍显示存在正相关关系(P<0.05).结论 肥胖儿童发生高血压的危险性明显高于体重正常儿童;肥胖儿童高血压的发生与BMI呈正相关,与血清INS水平变化无关.     

Blood pressure differences between blacks and whites in relation to body size among US children and adolescents

No large national studies of ethnic differences in blood pressure among children accounting for body size differences have been published, to the authors' knowledge. This report details the similarities and differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressures between Black children and White children in the United States and examines the effects of age, sex, and body size on ethnic differences in blood pressure levels. Standardized measurements of seated systolic and diastolic pressures from eight large epidemiologic studies published between 1978 and 1991 that included measurements of 47,196 children on 68,556 occasions for systolic pressure and for 38,184 children on 52,053 occasions for diastolic pressure were used; 51 percent (24,048 children) were boys and 37 percent (17,466 children) were Black. Overall, there appear to be few substantive ethnic differences in either systolic or diastolic pressure during childhood and adolescence. The differences that were observed were small, inconsistent, and often explained by differences in body size. There was an ethnic group-body mass index (BMI) interaction that resulted in these findings that at lower levels of BMI Blacks have higher blood pressure and more hypertension than do Whites, but that at the highest levels of BMI, Whites have more hypertension (systolic or diastolic pressure) than do Blacks.     

山东省青少年体质量指数与血压关系分析

目的分析群体儿童少年体质量指数(BM I)百分位数分布与血压水平的关系,为高血压病的早期预防提供依据。方法依据2005年山东省学生体质健康调研资料,将个体的收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)转化为Z分,用标准离差法分析7～18岁青少年BM I百分位数分布与血压水平的关联性。结果青少年收缩压随BM I百分位数的递增而上升,收缩压Z分由BM I相似文献