EMP1基因在喉癌中的表达下调及其意义

目的研究EMP1在喉癌中的表达,探讨与临床资料的相关性。方法选取本院51例喉癌标本及其癌旁组织,应用免疫组化和Western blot技术检测EMP1蛋白表达,应用Quantitative real-time PCR技术检测mRNA表达,并分析与各临床因素之间的相关性。结果喉癌组中EMP1的蛋白及m RNA表达水平均明显低于癌旁组织。免疫组化评分经统计学分析发现EMP1的表达与病理分级有显著的相关性(P=0.02)。结论 EMP1基因在喉癌中表达明显降低,与病理分级相关。提示其在喉癌的发生发展中可能发挥抑癌基因的作用。     

PINCH expression and its significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH), as a newly discovered protein of LIM family members, may play a role in signal transduction of integrin and growth factor, and involved in the incidence and development of tumors. PINCH protein is overexpressed in tumor-associated stroma of several types of tumors. However, there is no study of the PINCH in esophageal cancer, therefore we investigated PINCH expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and its clinicopathological significance in the patients. PINCH expression was immunohistochemically examined in 20 normal esophageal samples and 64 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. The results showed that PINCH expression in the stroma of cancers was heterogeneous, and its positive rate (56%) was higher than that of normal esophageal mucosa (5%, p<0.0001). The stronger staining was observed at the invasive edge of tumor when compared to the inner area of tumor. The rate of positive PINCH (90%) in the cases with lymph node metastasis was higher than that (41%) in the cases without metastasis (p<0.0001). PINCH expression was not correlated with patients' gender, age, tumor location, size and differentiation (p>0.05). The results suggest that PINCH protein may be a marker of tumor associated-stroma involving tumor development, and predicting the ability of invasion and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.     

VEGF与MMP-2在食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的研究血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）在食管鳞癌中的表达与其临床意义。方法用免疫组化染色的方法检测58例食管鳞癌标本及30例取非瘤正常食管组织标本中VEGF与MMP-2蛋白的表达。结果食管鳞癌中VEGF与MMP-2的表达显著高于正常组织，其表达与食管癌的组织侵润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关，两者呈正相关。结论VEGF和MMP-2在食管鳞癌中高表达，参与了食管鳞癌浸润及转移，可以作为判断食管鳞癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoangiosarcomatous features and aberrant expression of vascular markers

Squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoangiosarcomatous features is a rare but well-recognized variant of squamous cell carcinoma. These tumors exhibit complex anastomosing channels lined by neoplastic cells, histologically mimicking a vasoformative mesenchymal tumor. Immunohistochemically, the published cases expressed epithelial markers and were consistently negative for vascular markers. Squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoangiosarcomatous features and aberrant expression of vascular markers has never been reported. Herein, we report two cases of metastatic poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoangiosarcomatous morphologic features which showed immunoreactivity for vascular markers (CD31, Fli-1, and ERG). One case (left thigh skin squamous cell carcinoma with abdominal wall metastasis) showed strong and diffuse positivity for vascular markers, and the final diagnosis was confirmed with electron microscopy. The second case (squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site with bone metastasis) showed patchy positivity for both squamous and vascular markers. This is the first report of squamous cell carcinoma with pseudoangiosarcomatous features and aberrant expression of vascular markers, which resembles angiosarcoma both morphologically and immunohistochemically, and may represent a potential diagnostic pitfall. It is of crucial importance for pathologists to be aware of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with such unique features, so that misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment will be avoided.     

PDCD5和Smac在口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究凋亡相关新基因PDCD5与Smac蛋白在口腔正常黏膜、口腔鳞癌中表达的相关性及其意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测68例口腔鳞癌组织和43例癌旁正常黏膜组织中PDCD5和Smac的表达,并分析两者的表达与临床病理的关系以及两者之间相互关系。结果正常口腔黏膜组PDCD5染色阳性率为80.2%(P0.05),口腔鳞癌组PDCD5阳性率为29%(P0.05),明显低于癌旁组织,并且表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关性有统计学意义(P0.05)。Smac在正常口腔黏膜组染色阳性率为41.2%(P0.05),明显高于口腔鳞癌组织11.7%(P0.05),且与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移的相关性均有统计学意义(P0.05)。PDCD5和Smac蛋白呈明显正相关(r=0.892,P0.05)。结论PDCD5和Smac蛋白在口腔鳞癌中表达下调,提示PDCD5与Smac蛋白的改变可能与口腔鳞癌的发生、发展相关,这两项指标可作为辅助口腔黏膜癌变的基因标志物。     

HLA-B蛋白在喉癌中的表达及意义

目的研究人白细胞抗原HLA-B蛋白在喉癌组织中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组化方法检测HLA-B蛋白在50例喉癌组织及癌旁组织的表达,应用Western Blot方法检测HLA-B蛋白在6对喉癌及癌旁组织中的表达。结果 HLA-B蛋白在癌旁正常组织中100%表达,而在喉癌组织中表达水平明显下调,有淋巴结转移组下调明显低于无淋巴结转移组。结论 HLA-B蛋白在喉癌组织中表达下调,可能与颈淋巴结转移相关。     

Tumor suppressive microRNA-375 regulates oncogene AEG-1/MTDH in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)

Our microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma revealed that miR-375 was significantly reduced in cancer tissues compared with normal epithelium. In this study, we focused on the functional significance of miR-375 in cancer cells and identification of miR-375-regulated novel cancer networks in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Restoration of miR-375 showed significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of cell apoptosis in SAS and FaDu cell lines, suggesting that miR-375 functions as a tumor suppressor. We adopted genome-wide gene expression analysis to search for miR-375-regulated molecular targets. Gene expression data and luciferase reporter assays revealed that AEG-1/MTDH was directly regulated by miR-375. Cancer cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in HNSCC cells transfected with si-AEG-1/MTDH. In addition, expression levels of AEG-1/MTDH were significantly upregulated in cancer tissues. Therefore, AEG-1/MTDH may function as an oncogene in HNSCC. The identification of novel tumor suppressive miRNA and its regulated cancer pathways could provide new insights into potential molecular mechanisms of HNSCC oncogenesis.     

ANO1在口腔鳞癌中的表达及临床分析

 目的 探讨ANO1基因及蛋白在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组化SP法及Northern blot检测81例口腔鳞癌组织及相应正常组织的ANO1基因及蛋白的表达进行检测,并结合临床病理资料和基因蛋白表达特征对比作差异显著性检验及相关分析。利用western blot检测ANO1在多株鳞癌细胞株的表达。结果 ANO1在口腔鳞癌组织中的阳性表达明显高于正常组织,有显著性差异( P <0.05);有淋巴结转移的口腔鳞癌组织ANO1阳性表达高于无转移的口腔鳞癌组织。有显著性差异( P <0.05);随着口腔鳞癌临床分期的升高,ANO1的阳性表达率升高(P＜0.05);而ANO1的阳性表达率与病理分级,年龄和性别暂无关(P＞0.05)。Hep-2的内源性ANO1表达最低, 而SCC-25细胞株的内源性ANO1表达最高。 结论 ANO1可能在口腔鳞癌的发生和进展过程中起到重要作用。     

TPX2在肺鳞状细胞癌及其癌前病变中的表达和意义

目的探讨Xklp2靶蛋白（targeting protein for Xklp2,TPX2）在肺鳞癌及其癌前病变中的表达和意义。方法Westernblot分析TPX2蛋白在2株肺鳞癌细胞系和4株永生化支气管上皮细胞系中的表达。逆转录聚合酶链反应分析21对新鲜肺鳞癌组织及其远端正常肺组织TPX2的mRNA表达水平。构建肺癌组织微阵列,针对其中的319例肺鳞癌患者的组织样品及其相应的114例癌前病变组织的常规石蜡切片进行TPX2免疫组织化学（SP法）染色,结果与临床病理参数比较分析。结果TPX2蛋白在被测肺鳞癌和永生化支气管上皮细胞系中均有水平不一的表达。在新鲜组织标本中76．2％的肿瘤组织较正常组织TPX2 mRNA明显高表达。免疫组织化学分析结果显示,TPX2蛋白的表达在肿瘤组织（64．2％）中明显高于正常组织,且与肿瘤组织病理学分级、临床分期及淋巴结转移相关。TPX2蛋白在肺鳞癌的癌前病变中的表达显著高于正常组织,且随支气管上皮病变程度加重（鳞状化生、不典型增生、原位癌）而增高。结论TPX2蛋白的表达有可能促进支气管上皮癌变和肺鳞癌进展,而且是肺鳞癌淋巴转移的危险因素。TPX2有望成为监测肺鳞癌发生发展的候选标志物。     

JARID2在人舌鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的探讨Jumonji富含AT结合结构域2(Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 2,JARID2)在舌鳞状细胞癌(Tongue squamous cell carcinoma)中的表达。方法利用生物信息学软件,分析JARDI2在舌鳞状细胞癌中的表达。收集5例人舌鳞状细胞癌及癌旁正常组织,提取组织总蛋白进行蛋白免疫印记检测JARID2蛋白表达。Image J软件分析JARID2蛋白灰度值,利用t检验分析JARID2在舌鳞状细胞癌中的表达。结果生物信息学预测JARID2在舌鳞状细胞癌中表达增高,蛋白印记检测JARID2在5例舌鳞状细胞癌病例中表达明显高于癌旁正常组织。结论 JARID2在舌鳞状细胞癌中高表达,可能参与舌鳞状细胞癌的发病机制。     

PDCD4在喉癌中的表达及意义

目的研究PDCD4在喉癌组织中的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组化方法检测PDCD4蛋白在喉癌及癌旁组织中的表达。应用Real-time PCR方法检测PDCD4 mRNA在30例喉癌组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达,并与临床资料进行统计学分析。结果与癌旁组织相比,PDCD4蛋白在喉癌组织中表达水平明显降低,PDCD4 mRNA在喉癌组织中表达水平明显下调(0.05,t=4.714),与分期、分化及淋巴结转移明显相关,但与年龄、性别及分型不相关。结论 PDCD4在喉癌组织低表达,与分期、分化及淋巴结转移相关。     

Prohibitin in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung: its expression and possible clinical significance

rohibitin is localized to mitochondria where it might have a role in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and protection against senescence. In this study, we show that prohibitin is up-regulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues using agarose 2-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Prohibitin expression was further evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We statistically analyzed the association of prohibitin expression with clinicopathologic indicators in 78 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our data suggested that prohibitin expression was positively correlated with the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification of tumor grade (P < .001), pathologic stage (P < .001), tumor size (P = .01), and lymph node metastasis (P = .004). Furthermore, we found that prohibitin expression was an independent prognostic indicator (P = .037) for overall survival of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression method. These findings may encourage further studies investigating prohibitin function in lung squamous cell carcinoma.     

Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of microRNA-107 in human non small cell lung cancer

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs which can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. Researchers have found that the expression level of miR-107 was decreased in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines, however, its clinicopathological and prognostic significance in NSCLC has not been investigated. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression of miR-107 in 137 pairs of fresh NSCLC and matched adjacent normal tissue specimens. The chi-square test and Fishers exact tests were used to examine the associations between miR-107 expression and the clinicopathological characters. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by log-rank test, and survival curves were plotted according to Kaplan-Meier. Results: The expression level of miR-107 was significantly lower in tumor tissues than that in corresponding noncancerous tissues (0.4676±0.2078 vs. 1.000±0.3953, P<0.001). Low expression of miR-107 was found to significantly correlate with TNM stage (p=0.001), regional lymph node involvement (p=0.04), and tumor differentiation (p=0.003). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated that low miR-107 expression had a significant impact on OS (35.2% vs. 69.3%; P=0.008) and PFS (30.0% vs. 56.2%; P=0.029). In a multivariate Cox model, we found that miR-107 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for both 5-year OS (HR=2.57, 95% CI: 1.88-10.28; P=0.007) and 5-year PFS (HR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.01-8.92; P=0.003). Conclusion: The expression of miR-107 was decreased in NSCLC. Low expression of miR-107 was significantly associated with tumor progression and decreased survival in patients with NSCLC, indicating that miR-107 may serve as a novel prognostic marker in NSCLC.     

Ubiquitous p63 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

p63, a recently identified member of the p53 gene family, plays an important role in human tissue functions. We examined the pattern of p63 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas including early-stage cancers, and its clinicopathological significance. Immunoreactivity for p63 was detected in 96.9% (63/65) esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Diffuse p63 expression was seen in 75.4% (49/65). p63 was detected not only in the in situ carcinomatous components or intramucosal carcinomas, but also in the invasive carcinomatous parts of the p63-positive cases. There were no significant correlations between p63 expression and clinicopathological features, such as depth of tumor invasion, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and venous/lymphatic invasion. We also analyzed the relationship between p63 and p53 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. These results suggest that the p63 gene, as well as the p53 gene, play a major role in the carcinogenesis of human esophageal squamous cells and in the growth of the carcinoma.     

泛素特异性蛋白酶10在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究泛素特异性蛋白酶10(ubiquitin-specific protease 10,USP10)蛋白在人体宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测105例人体宫颈鳞状细胞癌及65例正常鳞状上皮组织石蜡切片中USP10蛋白的表达水平,并分析其表达与临床病理因素之间的相关性.结果:宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中USP10阳性表达率为41.9%,而宫颈正常鳞状上皮组织中USP10的阳性表达率为61.5%.与正常鳞状上皮组织相比,USP10蛋白在宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达明显下调,差异具有统计学意义.同时,USP10蛋白表达与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的FIGO临床分期及肿瘤浸润深度呈负相关,而与E-cadherin,P53蛋白表达呈正相关.结论:宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中USP10蛋白表达的下调与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的恶性程度及预后相关.     

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression in cancer and stromal cells of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas,adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a transmembrane serine protease which is involved in the process of tumor invasion and development of metastases in human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of DPPIV in cancer and stromal cells of both esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tissue material from 159 patients was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was performed on cell lines and fresh frozen tissue sections. Results were compared with clinicopathological features. Evaluation of the immunohistochemical findings revealed significant differences between DPPIV expression in carcinoma cells and stromal cells, depending on the histological tumor type. A significantly higher level of DPPIV was found in adenocarcinomas compared to SCCs while no DPPIV was detected in normal esophageal epithelium. Overexpression of DPPIV in patients with adenocarcinoma was additionally associated with distant metastases. Thus, differences of DPPIV level in esophageal carcinomas compared with normal epithelium showed that esophageal malignancies were associated with an increased amount of cell surface‐bound DPPIV. Radiotherapy in patients had no impact on DPPIV expression in analyzed tissue samples. There was no correlation between DPPIV expression in cancer or stromal cells and survival of the patients.     

Inhibitory effects of Gleditsia sinensis fruit extract on telomerase activity and oncogenic expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Previous studies have shown that the anomalous fruit extract of Gleditsia sinensis (GSE) exhibited apoptotic properties in various solid and non-solid tumors in vitro. However, the inhibitory actions of GSE on oncogenic expression and telomerase activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been studied before. In the present study, the anti-cancer effects of GSE were demonstrated in three ESCC cell lines (HKESC-1, HKESC-2 and SLMT-1) by MTS and anchorage-independent clongen-icity assays, expression studies on oncogenes at 11q13 (CCND1, INT2, FGF4 and EMS1) and real-time quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay to show the inhibitory effect of GSE on telomerase in ESCC. The means of MTS50 of GSE for the ESCC cell lines and non-tumor NIH 3T3 cells were 21 and 163 microg/ml respectively. The anchorage-independent clongenicity assay showed that SLMT-1 cells lost their colony-forming potential which was dose-dependent to GSE. Moreover, GSE demonstrated dose-dependent suppression on the expression of INT2, EMS1 and FGF4, and inhibition of telomerase activity in the ESCC cell lines. Our overall results thus provide the first evidence that the anti-cancer effects of GSE on ESCC involve the suppression of oncogenic expression and inhibition of telomerase activity. Our findings also offer a new opportunity for the future development of GSE as a novel anti-cancer agent for ESCC and possibly for other cancers.     

Involvement of NF-kappaB and mitochondrial pathways in docetaxel-induced apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Apoptosis induced by docetaxel that interferes with microtubule polymerization dynamics and is used clinically to treat advanced cancers, has not been fully defined in squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, apoptotic events involved in docetaxel treatment were investigated. When the human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line HSC-3 was exposed to docetaxel for 72 h, a dose-dependent effect was observed in apoptosis using the TUNEL method. We observed activation of caspase cascade including activities like caspase-3, -8, and -9. And the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk prevented apoptosis induced by docetaxel (0.1 microM), showing participation of caspases in this process. Since an antagonistic CD95-antibody (ZB4) exerted no effect on docetaxel-induced apoptosis, CD95/CD95L interaction was not involved in this pathway. The caspase-8-like activity was inhibited not only by IETD-fmk (caspase-8) but also by DEVD-fmk (caspase-3). The results indicate that the caspase-8-like activation occurred downstream of DEVDase. Docetaxel promoted the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, and preincubation of cells with anti-oxidants such as N-acetyl cysteine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, protected against apoptosis mediated by docetaxel. Furthermore, treatment with docetaxel elicited reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c to cytosol, after 48 h of treatment. We observed binding activity to NF-kappaB consensus site and interference with the mitochondrial function via NF-kappaB after docetaxel treatment. Preventing pro-apoptotic property of NF-kappaB inhibited docetaxel-induced apoptosis. Thus, these results suggest that, following the activation of NF-kappaB by docetaxel, apoptosis is elicited through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.