Impaired In-Vitro Lymphocyte Responses in Patients with Elevated Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Blood Levels

Immune parameters were examined in 188 patients who were exposed for more than 6 mo to pentachlorophenol-containing pesticides. Blood levels of pentachlorophenol, lymphocyte subpopulations, in-vitro responses to mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation, plasma neopterin levels, and plasma cytokine and cytokine receptor levels were determined. Impaired in-vitro lymphocyte stimulation responses were impaired in 65% of the patients. The likelihood of impaired lymphocyte stimulation increased significantly with levels of pentachlorophenol that exceeded 10 μl/l (p < .05). Patients who had high blood levels of pentachlorophenol and abnormal lymphocyte stimulation also had increased proportions of blood monocytes in blood (p < .05), as well as increased IL-8 serum levels (p < .02). Eleven patients who had abnormal mitogen stimulation experienced decreased CD4/CD8 ratios of < 1.0; 5 of these patients had decreased CD4⁺ lymphocyte counts of < 500/μl, and 3 patients had increased plasma neopterin of < 15 nmol/l. These results indicate that increased levels of pentachlorophenol in blood can lead to severe T lymphocyte dysfunction.     

患有氯痤疮的三氯苯酚和五氯苯酚接触工人血清二恶英和呋喃的水平

[目的]调查患有或不患有氯痤疮的三氯苯酚（trichlorophenol,TCP）或五氯苯酚（pentachlomphenol,PCP）接触工人血清的二恶英水平,并观察患氯痤疮工人的特征。[方法]收集26名PCP工人、12名TCP工人和36名没有PCP和TCP暴露史工人的血样,并测定二恶英含量。氯痤疮的确定根据工厂医疗记录。[结果]PCP工人中,患氯痤疮与未患氯痤疮的工人相比具有更高毒性当量（根据世界卫生组织）的2378-TCDD,12378-PeCDD,123678-H6CDD,123789-H6CDD和123678-H6CDF水平。而在TCP工人中,虽然曾患有氯痤疮的工人血清中2378-TCDD水平较高,但与未患有氯痤疮者的血清水平上并无明显差异。氯痤疮的公认危险因素有首次暴露年龄较小和距第一次暴露的时间较长等,但仅在接触TPC工人中得到证实。PCP工人患氯痤疮和诊断前较长的接触时间相关。[结论]氯痤疮是二恶英高暴露的良好指标。TCP和PCP接触工人的血清二恶英同系物具有明显不同的特点。     

Associations of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 4.4 and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) 4.4 Blood Levels with Plasma IL-4

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) reportedly induces cancer in animals, mimics estrogen activity, induces antiandrogen effects, and impairs Natural Killer (NK) cells and T lymphocyte responses. In this study, the authors attempted to determine associations of DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) blood levels with several immune parameters in patients occupationally exposed to insecticides. The study subjects were 49 patients who worked as farmers or farmhands in the former German Democratic Republic and who had been occupationally exposed to insecticides for at least 6 mo; 80% of them had been exposed for more than 20 yr. Blood levels of DDT, DDE, DDD, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenol (PCP), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and γ-hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were determined, and blood lymphocyte subpopulations, in vitro responses to mitogens or pooled allogeneic stimulator cells, plasma neopterin, and cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor levels were studied. The majority of patients were contaminated with more than 1 chemical-most commonly DDE, PCBs, and HCB. Linear-regression analysis showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) plasma levels were associated with plasma levels of DDT 4.4 (p = .0001) and DDE 4.4 (p = .001). The data in this study suggest that PCBs, PCP, HCB, HCHs, DDE, and DDD suppress TH1 cytokines, such as IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and induce TH2 cytokines, such as IL-4. The authors hypothesized that clinical symptoms, such as the frequent infections reported by many patients, could be a consequence of these immunological abnormalities.     

HBV携带者细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的变化

目的 探讨HBV携带细胞免疫和体液免疫功能的变化。方法 以ELISA法筛检确诊为HBsAg阳性而肝功能正常的50名HBV携带为观察对象，用免疫球蛋白测定试盒测定人体血清中的IgG、IgA、IgM，用酶免定量测定试剂盒测定人体知清的IgE，应用APAAP法测定人体外周血中的T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 HBV携带IgG、IgA、IgM水平比对照组有所下降，两差异具有显性意义（P＜0．05），IgE水平两差异无显性。HBV携带CD3^ 、CD8^ 均明显高于对照组（P＜0．05），CD4^ /CD8^ 低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论 HBV携带体液免疫水平低下，HBV感染可激活CD3^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞的活性，引起HBV携带细胞免疫功能紊乱。     

Lethal Body Residues for Pentachlorophenol in Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) under Varying Conditions of Temperature and pH

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) toxicity was measured in the zebra mussel under varying conditions of pH (6.5, 7.5, or 8.5) and temperature (10, 17, or 25°C). Toxicity decreased significantly with increasing pH at all temperatures. At a given pH level, toxicity increased significantly with increasing temperature. PCP was most toxic at pH 6.5, 25°C and least toxic at pH 8.5, 10°C. Toxicokinetic parameters were determined at trace PCP concentrations under each combination of pH and temperature. Increasing temperature generally increased the PCP uptake clearance (k_u) although elimination rate constants (k_d) were unaffected. The effect of pH on toxicokinetic parameters was inconsistent but k_u tended to decrease as pH and ionization of PCP increased. Lethal body residues (LR₅₀s), estimated from kinetic parameters determined at trace PCP concentrations and the LC₅₀ values, varied by a factor of 122 as a function of environmental conditions while LC₅₀s varied by a factor of 381. LR₅₀s were also estimated from the measured PCP tissue concentrations and varied by a factor of 8 across conditions. Calculated LR₅₀s were always higher than measured LR₅₀s, determined under identical conditions, by at least a factor of five. However, when LR₅₀ values were recalculated using k_u values measured at the LC₂₅ concentration, the resulting adjusted LR₅₀s varied only by a factor of 2.5 across the range of conditions studied and were more consistent with measured LR₅₀ values. Thus, variance in the PCP concentration required to produce toxicity is reduced when LR₅₀s are used in place of LC₅₀s. Further, the method by which lethal residues (LR₅₀ values) are determined can significantly affect the results and their interpretation.     

山药多糖的免疫调节作用

山药多糖 ( Chinese yam polysaccharides,RDPS- )是从山药 ( Dioscorea opposita Thunb)根中分离得到的一种有效成分 ,其化学结构已经明确 ,其糖基组成为葡萄糖、半乳糖及甘露糖 ,糖基的摩尔比为 1∶ 0 .37∶ 0 .1 1 ,平均分子质量为 42 2 0 0。有研究表明 ,山药具有免疫增强、抗衰老、降血脂及抗突变等功能[1～ 3 ] 。本文研究山药多糖中的水溶性组分RDPS- 对机体细胞免疫和体液免疫的作用。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　主要试剂与仪器　　山药多糖 ( RDPS- )为白色粉末 ;RPMI- 1 640培养基 ,美国 Gibco公司产品 ;小牛血清 ,中…     

Association of elevated blood levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP) with cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies

It has long been suspected that pentachlorophenol (PCP) exerts a damaging influence on the immune system. In this study, the possible relationship between blood levels of PCP and immune function was studied in 190 patients who had been exposed for more than 6 mo to PCP-containing pesticides. The patients suffered from frequent respiratory infections and general fatigue. Lymphocyte subpopulations, in-vitro responses to mitogens, allogeneic stimulator cells, plasma neopterin, cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, soluble adhesion molecules, and immunoglobulin autoantibodies were determined. A dose-response relationship between blood levels of PCP and cellular and humoral immune parameters was established. Blood levels of PCP were associated negatively with (a) total lymphocyte counts (p = .0002), CD4/CD8 ratios (p = .0015), and absolute counts of CD3+ (p < .0001), CD4+ (p < .0001), CD16+ (p < .0001), CD25+ (p = .0003), DR+ (p < .0001), CD8+/56+ (p = .020), and CD19+ cells (p = .092); (b) plasma levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) (p < .0001), soluble IL-2R (p < .0001), IL-6 (p < .0001), IL-10 (p = .0039), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (p < .0001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (p < .0001), transforming-growth factor-beta2 (p = .023), soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1 RA) (p < .0001), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p = .0003); and (c) immunoglobulin (Ig) M-anti-Fab type autoantibodies (p = .0353). PCP levels were associated positively with (a) number of impaired stimulation assays per patient (p = .041); (b) number of circulating CD11b+ monocytes (p = .0015); and (c) plasma levels of neopterin (p < .0001), IL-4 (p = .020), and sIL-6R (p = .020). Compared with patients who had PCP plasma levels that were less than or equal to 10 microg/l, patients with blood levels of PCP that exceeded 10 microg/l experienced the following more often: low numbers of total blood lymphocytes (p = .054), CD3+ (p = .0014), CD4+ (p = .0001), DR+ (p = .0003), CD16+ (p = .0033), and CD25+ cells (p = .0033). In addition, the same aforementioned patients experienced the following more frequently: undetectable plasma levels of IL-2 (p = .0057), IL-6 (p = .042), IL-8 (p = .038), IL-10 (p = .0001), TNF-alpha (p = .0062), and IFN-gamma (p = .016); and impaired in-vitro responses of lymphocytes (p = .071). The authors concluded that increased blood levels of PCP were associated significantly with cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies. Recurrent respiratory infections and general fatigue could originate from PCP-associated immunosuppression.     

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)实验室检测策略

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起的2019冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）为全球性流行病和公共卫生威胁。人们付出了巨大的努力去认识和治疗COVID-19,更可取的是防止感染及临床疾病形成。COVID-19疫苗包括灭活疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗、mRNA疫苗和亚单位疫苗接种都可诱导绝大多数受试成人产生强体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,形成高滴度S蛋白特异性抗体、中和抗体及强Th1细胞因子应答,疫苗对成人COVID-19的保护效力 > 70 %。多个因素会影响疫苗保护效力。     

Association of Urinary and Plasma Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) with Foods

Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) may play a key mediator role in the relationship between the diet, gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in people with kidney failure. The aim of this review is to evaluate which foods have a greater influence on blood or urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels. Methods: 391 language articles were screened, and 27 were analysed and summarized for this review, using the keywords “TMAO” AND “egg” OR “meat” OR “fish” OR “dairy” OR “vegetables” OR “fruit” OR “food” in December 2020. Results: A strong correlation between TMAO and fish consumption, mainly saltwater fish and shellfish, but not freshwater fish, has been demonstrated. Associations of the consumption of eggs, dairy and meat with TMAO are less clear and may depend on other factors such as microbiota or cooking methods. Plant-based foods do not seem to influence TMAO but have been less investigated. Discussion: Consumption of saltwater fish, dark meat fish and shellfish seems to be associated with an increase in urine or plasma TMAO values. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship between increased risk of cardiovascular disease and plasma levels of TMAO due to fish consumption. Interventions coupled with long-term dietary patterns targeting the gut microbiota seem promising.     

Comparative Fate of 1,1-Diphenylethylene (DPE), 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-Ethylene (DDE), and Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Under Alternating Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions

Bacterial degradation of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE) and its dehalogenated derivative 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) has not yet been shown and may require culture adaptation and special culture conditions. We compared the degradability of DPE, DDE, and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aerobic/anaerobic sequenced batch reactor systems. Reactors operated under aerobic/methanogenic and aerobic/denitrifying conditions were inoculated with bacterial consortia from anaerobic granular sludge, long-term PCP- and DDE-contaminated soil, and pulp and paper waste pond sediment. The culture was gradually acclimatized to low concentrations of DPE, DDE, and PCP in defined minimal growth media with benzoate, phenol, ethanol, and formate as primary carbon sources. DDE remained refractory for 105 days, whereas DPE and PCP were degraded. This suggests that DDE is extremely recalcitrant to degradation by aromatic organochlorine-degrading bacteria from long-term polluted soils and sediments. The results confirm that the chlorination of DDE is a major biodegradation barrier for adapted bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Received: 20 August 1996/Accepted: 12 May 1997     

Association of Homocysteine Levels With Blood Lead Levels and Micronutrients in the US General Population

Objectives

Even though several epidemiological studies have observed positive associations between blood lead levels and homocysteine, no study has examined whether this association differs by the levels of micronutrients, such as folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, which are involved in the metabolism of homocysteine. In this study, we examined the interactions between micronutrients and blood lead on homocysteine levels.

Methods

This study was performed with 4089 adults aged ≥20 years old in the US general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004.

Results

There were significant or marginally significant interactions between micronutrients and blood lead levels on mean homocysteine levels. Positive associations between blood lead and homocysteine were clearly observed among subjects with low levels of folate or low vitamin B6 (p-trend <0.01, respectively). However, in the case of vitamin B12, there was a stronger positive association between blood lead and homocysteine among subjects with high levels of vitamin B12, compared to those with low levels of vitamin B12. In fact, the levels of homocysteine were already high among subjects low in vitamin B12, irrespective of blood lead levels. When we used hyperhomocysteinemia (homocysteine>15 µmol/L) as the outcome, there were similar patterns of interaction, though p-values for each interaction failed to reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

In the current study, the association between blood lead and homocysteine differed based on the levels of folate, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12 present in the blood. It may be important to keep sufficient levels of these micronutrients to prevent the possible harmful effects of lead exposure on homocysteine levels.     

重组乙型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎表面抗原诱导细胞免疫应答

目的 探讨重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗和汉逊酵母菌表达的乙肝表面抗原(rHBsAg)诱导动物和人体细胞免疫应答的动态变化.方法 应用不同剂量rHBsAg免疫小鼠(BALB/c,H-2d),酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)检测小鼠脾单个核细胞(MNC)体外刺激诱生IFN-γ的水平;单剂rHBsAg免疫后不同时间检测MNC、CD8+T淋巴细胞产生IFN-γ水平;同时测定免疫后不同时间细胞毒T淋巴细胞反应(CTL)活性;检测免疫单剂和多剂乙肝疫苗后小鼠MNC分泌IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-5和抗-HBs抗体水平;对乙肝感染标志阴性的4名成年人按0、1、2个月程序接种乙肝疫苗,检测免疫后外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)、CD8+T淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ、IL-2和IL-4水平以及抗体动态.结果 应用ELISPOT法,汉逊rHBsAg免疫小鼠7 d时,可检测到IFN-γ应答,14 d时达到高峰;CTL在免疫后7 d时可检出,峰值位于28 d.在1～8μg免疫剂量范围内,MNCs IFN-γ免疫应答与剂量呈显著正相关(阳转率:Υ=0.951,P=0.049＜0.05;SFC:Υ=0.996,P=0.000＜0.05),在1～4 μg免疫剂量范围内,CD8+T淋巴细胞的IFN-γ与剂量也呈显著正相关(Υ=0.999,P=0.025＜0.05);三剂乙肝疫苗免疫小鼠诱生细胞免疫和体液免疫应答水平均显著高于单剂(P值均＜0.05);成年人接种汉逊乙肝疫苗后不同个体间细胞免疫和体液免疫应答的模式不同,IL-2、IL-4应答与个体抗体滴度有关.结论 用ELISPOT法成功测定了汉逊HBsAg免疫小鼠后不同淋巴细胞的细胞免疫剂量效应和CTL时间动态变化,并分析了成年人的细胞免疫应答特点,为规范疫苗细胞免疫评价提供了基础.     

手足口病患儿外周血细胞因子及T淋巴细胞检测结果分析

目的检测手足口病患儿外周血细胞因子和免疫T淋巴细胞变化,并与正常儿童对比,探讨其免疫学发病机制。方法细胞因子（白介素6、10、17、21、23）检测采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法,免疫T淋巴细胞（CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、Treg细胞、Thl7细胞）检测采用流式细胞仪。结果①手足口病患儿白介素6、10、17、21、23结果均升高,分别是（40±0．8）、（54±1．1）、（33±0．6）、（33±0．9）和（27±0．8）pg／L;正常小儿对照组分别为（17±1．0）、（23±0．6）、（19±0．8）、（21±0．6）和（19±0．8）pg／L,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②免疫T淋巴细胞CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋、Treg细胞、Th17细胞分别为（44±0．9）％、（27±0．7）％、（20±0．4）％、（28±1．0）％;正常小儿对照组分别为（52±1．1）％、（44±1．1）％、（24±O．7）％、（3．6±0．5）％,Th17细胞升高,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论手足口病患儿急性期白介素升高,Th17细胞升高,存在免疫系统功能紊乱。     

Association of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) with Uric Acid among Adults with Elevated Community Exposure to PFOA

Background

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are compounds that do not occur in nature, have been widely used since World War II, and persist indefinitely in most environments. Median serum levels in the United States are 4 ng/mL for PFOA and 21 ng/mL for PFOS. PFOA has been associated with elevated uric acid in two studies of chemical workers. Uric acid is a risk factor for hypertension and possibly other cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study of PFOA and PFOS and uric acid among 54,951 adult community residents in Ohio and West Virginia, who lived or worked in six water districts contaminated with PFOA from a chemical plant. Analyses were conducted by linear and logistic regression, adjusted for confounders.

Results

Both PFOA and PFOS were significantly associated with uric acid. An increase of 0.2–0.3 mg/dL uric acid was associated with an increase from the lowest to highest decile of either PFOA or PFOS. Hyperuricemia risk increased modestly with increasing PFOA; the odds ratios by quintile of PFOA were 1.00, 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–1.43], 1.35 (95% CI, 1.26–1.45), 1.47 (95% CI, 1.37–1.58), and 1.47 (95% CI, 1.37–1.58; test for trend, p < 0.0001). We saw a less steep trend for PFOS. Inclusion of both correlated fluorocarbons in the model indicated PFOA was a more important predictor than was PFOS.

Conclusion

Higher serum levels of PFOA were associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia, but the limitations of cross-sectional data and the possibility of noncausal mechanisms prohibit conclusions regarding causality.     

反复呼吸道感染患儿细胞及体液免疫功能分析

目的分析反复呼吸道感染患儿细胞及体液免疫功能。方法选择2010年10月至2012年9月确诊为反复呼吸道感染患儿60例,按照年龄将其分为：A1组年龄＜3岁,B1组3～6岁;同时选择健康儿童60例作为对照组：A2组年龄＜3岁,B2组3～6岁。采用流式细胞术检测所有入组儿童外周血T淋巴细胞总数（ CD3＋）及其亚群（ CD3＋CD4＋、CD3＋CD8＋）的绝对计数;速率散射比浊法测定其血清免疫球蛋白G、A、M（ IgG、IgA、IgM）含量。结果 A1、B1组CD3＋、CD3＋CD4＋细胞绝对计数及IgG含量均较相应正常对照组A2、B2组降低,差异均有统计学意义（A1与A2组比较t值分别为0．003、0．033、0．017;B1与B2组比较t值分别为0．041、0．045、0．012,均P＜0．05）。在＜3岁儿童中,反复呼吸道感染患儿的IgA含量较正常同龄儿童偏低,差异有统计学意义（t＝0．035,P＜0．05）。结论反复呼吸道感染患儿CD3＋T淋巴细胞总数绝对计数的降低,尤其是CD3＋CD4＋T辅助细胞的减少,使其对T、B淋巴细胞增殖分化的调控作用削弱,浆细胞产生Ig过程障碍是导致儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要原因。     

苯并（a）芘对人血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学损伤研究

以不同浓度苯并（ａ）芘（ＢａＰ）对人血淋巴细胞进行体外染毒，运用微核（ＭＮ），染色体畸变（ＣＡ）和姊妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）试验，综合评价了ＢａＰ对人血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学损伤作用，结果表明，经Ｓ９代谢活化，ＢａＰ可诱发细胞ＮＭ率，ＣＡ率和ＳＣＥ率显著增高，并呈现明浓度－反应关系。上述三指标的变化相互间呈高度正相关。三项指标中与ＢａＰ染毒浓度的对数值呈高度正相关。三项指标中ＳＣＥ试验的浓度－反应关     

Blood Chromium Levels and Their Association with Cardiovascular Diseases,Diabetes, and Depression: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016

Currently, there is no global consensus about the essentiality of dietary chromium. To provide evidence to this debate, an examination of blood chromium levels and common chronic health conditions was undertaken. Using a subsample from the 2015–2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 2894; 40 years⁺), chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine blood chromium levels (0.7–28.0 vs. <0.7 µg/L) and their associations with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs; self-report), diabetes mellitus (DM; glycohemoglobin ≥5.7%), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5), while controlling for socio-demographic (age/sex/income/education/relationship status) and health-related (red blood cell folate/medications/co-morbidities/body mass index (BMI)/substance use) factors. The sample was almost evenly distributed between men and women (n = 1391, 48.1% (men); n = 1503, 51.9% (women)). The prevalence estimates of low blood chromium levels tended to be higher among those with CVDs (47.4–47.6%) and DM (50.0–51.6%). Comparisons between those with low vs. normal blood chromium levels indicate men have increased odds of CVDs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–2.85, p < 0.001) and DM (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.32–2.83, p < 0.001) and lower odds of depression (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22–0.77, p < 0.05). Dietary chromium may be important in the prevention and management of CVDs and DM for men. Continued exploration of chromium’s role in chronic diseases, including differences by biological factors, is needed.     

Association of Serum 25(OH) D Levels with Infarct Volumes and Stroke Severity in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background

The aim of this study is to investigate whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] is associated with initial stroke severity and infarct volume, using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods

We studied a total of 235 patients who were admitted within 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke onset. Initial stroke severity was assessed using the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score. Infarct volume was measured using DWI. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test whether 25(OH) D represents an independent predictor of infarct volume and stroke severity (NIHSS score of ≥6).

Results

Among 235 study patients, the median age was 64 years (IQR 56-75 years), and 125 (53.2%) were women. In multivariable models adjusted for other significant risk factors, 25(OH) D levels in the lowest and second interquartiles were associated with an increased risk of a NIHSS≥6 (with highest 25 (OH) D quartile as reference) with odd ratios (OR) 3.02(95% confidence interval [CI]:1.59-6.34) and 5.85(2.90-11.54). The median DWI infarct volumes for the serum 25(OH) D level quartiles (lowest to highest) were 12.35, 6.55, 2.44, and 1.59 ml. The median DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum 25(OH) D level quartile was larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P<0.001). The median adjusted DWI infarct volume in the lowest serum 25(OH) D level quartile was statistically significantly larger than that in the other 3 quartiles (P<0.01).

Conclusion

In conclusion, reduced serum 25(OH) D levels in acute ischemic stroke are an early predictor of larger volumes of ischemic tissue and worse neurological deficit (assessed by the NIHSS).

     

放疗对乳癌病人外周血淋巴细胞亚群和亚组的影响

检测４３例行乳癌根治术后进行放疗患者（疗前、中、疗终及疗后１、２、３个月）外周血ＷＢＣ总数、淋巴细胞绝对数、ＬＹＣ亚群和亚组及ＬＹＣ对ＰＨＡ反应性的变化。结果揭示：病人在疗中和疗终时，ＷＢＣ总数和ＬＹＣ绝对数、ＬＹＣ亚群和亚组（Ｔｒ、Ｔｕ）均明显减少．ＬＹＣ对ＰＨＡ的反应性降低，尤以疗中更明显．放疗后肿瘤复发或转移病人的ＷＢＣ、ＬＹＣ、ＴＣ、ＢＣ和Ｔｒ细胞都低于无复发或转移者，更明显低于健康对照组。病人在疗中、疗终及疗后３个月内的细胞免疫功能均呈抑制效应，上述免疫参数的变化对判定病人的预后和转归有重要指导价值．     

香烟烟雾冷凝物诱导体外培养细胞程序外DNA合成的试验研究

采用程序外ＤＮＡ合成试验方法检测香烟冷凝物对体外培养的人表皮细胞和人全血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ的损伤作用。结果表明，香烟冷凝物能引起培养的表皮细胞和淋巴细胞的ＤＮＡ损伤；在一定的作用物剂量范围内表现出剂量效应关系。由于在细胞培养环境中未加Ｓ９组分活化酶，提示冷凝物中含有不需代谢活化就能直接导致ＤＮＡ损伤的有害物质。