同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后的早期功能恢复

背景:同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后的早期功能恢复一直存在着争议。目的:评价双膝骨关节炎患者同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后功能恢复情况的差异。方法:根据置换方案将初次行全膝关节置换的双膝骨关节炎患者86例(116膝)分为两组,双膝组(n=29,58膝)行同期双侧全膝关节置换,单膝组(n=57,57膝)行单侧全膝关节置换。分别对两组患者置换前后的关节活动度、屈曲挛缩度、肌力、疼痛评分、双下肢不等长及HSS评分进行比较分析,并记录并发症的发生率。结果与结论:置换后1年随访,两组患者置换后关节活动度和肌力差异无显著性意义(P=0.171,0.418);置换后屈曲挛缩度、疼痛评分及双下肢不等长双膝组均显著低于单膝组(P=0.006,0.0013,0.026);同时双膝组置换后HSS评分优于单膝组(P=0.003)。提示同期双侧全膝关节置换患者在屈曲挛缩度、疼痛症状评分、双下肢不等长及HSS评分方面优于单侧全膝关节置换,而两种方案在置换后关节活动度和下肢肌力方面无明显差异。     

同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后的早期功能恢复

背景：同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后的早期功能恢复一直存在着争议。目的：评价双膝骨关节炎患者同期双侧全膝关节置换与选择性单侧全膝关节置换后功能恢复情况的差异。方法：根据置换方案将初次行全膝关节置换的双膝骨关节炎患者86例（116膝）分为两组,双膝组（n=29,58膝）行同期双侧全膝关节置换,单膝组（n=57,57膝）行单侧全膝关节置换。分别对两组患者置换前后的关节活动度、屈曲挛缩度、肌力、疼痛评分、双下肢不等长及HSS评分进行比较分析,并记录并发症的发生率。结果与结论：置换后1年随访,两组患者置换后关节活动度和肌力差异无显著性意义（P=0.171,0.418）;置换后屈曲挛缩度、疼痛评分及双下肢不等长双膝组均显著低于单膝组（P=0.006,0.0013,0.026）;同时双膝组置换后HSS评分优于单膝组（P=0.003）。提示同期双侧全膝关节置换患者在屈曲挛缩度、疼痛症状评分、双下肢不等长及HSS评分方面优于单侧全膝关节置换,而两种方案在置换后关节活动度和下肢肌力方面无明显差异。     

人工膝关节置换相关问题的临床问答

人工膝关节的固定方式主要分骨水泥固定型和非骨水泥固定型两类。目前应用最广泛的是骨水泥固定型假体,年纪轻、骨质较好的病人可根据情况选用非骨水泥固定型假体。     

保留髌骨膝关节置换的症状及影像学评价

背景：膝关节置换中是否置换髌骨是一个持续争论的话题。目的：侧重评价保留髌骨膝关节置换后髌骨的影像学稳定性和症状改善。方法：对39例（48膝）骨关节炎及类风湿性关节炎患者行保留髌骨的全膝关节置换。结果与结论：术中记录髌骨软骨退变分级Ⅲ级和IV级达36膝,占75%,置换后HSS评分及FELLER髌骨评分较置换前明显改善,明显膝前痛病例为5例,占10%,其髌骨病理分级均达到Ⅳ级。保留髌骨膝关节置换前后影像学评价髌股关节的对线差异无显著性意义,下肢力线校正满意。提示对于置换前髌股轨迹不良、术中软骨病理分级较低者应该进行选择性的髌骨置换,恰当选择病例采用保留髌骨的膝关节置换可减少髌股关节并发症,置换前仔细评估,综合考虑多种因素操作可进一步改善髌股轨迹。     

保留髌骨膝关节置换的症状及影像学评价

背景:膝关节置换中是否置换髌骨是一个持续争论的话题。目的:侧重评价保留髌骨膝关节置换后髌骨的影像学稳定性和症状改善。方法:对39例(48膝)骨关节炎及类风湿性关节炎患者行保留髌骨的全膝关节置换。结果与结论:术中记录髌骨软骨退变分级Ⅲ级和IV级达36膝,占75%,置换后HSS评分及FELLER髌骨评分较置换前明显改善,明显膝前痛病例为5例,占10%,其髌骨病理分级均达到Ⅳ级。保留髌骨膝关节置换前后影像学评价髌股关节的对线差异无显著性意义,下肢力线校正满意。提示对于置换前髌股轨迹不良、术中软骨病理分级较低者应该进行选择性的髌骨置换,恰当选择病例采用保留髌骨的膝关节置换可减少髌股关节并发症,置换前仔细评估,综合考虑多种因素操作可进一步改善髌股轨迹。     

人工膝关节置换术的护理

目的:探讨人工膝关节置换术围手术期护理措施。方法:对人工膝关节置换术病人制定积极有效的护理措施,术前加强心理护理,指导术后运动的方法及适应性锻炼;术后预防感染、脱位、血栓的形成,科学地指导功能锻炼。结果:本组共10例病人,其中9例无并发症的发生,1例并发肺部感染,经内科治疗1月后痊愈。结论:做好围手术期病人的护理,对关节功能的恢复至关重要。     

持续被动运动的不同初始角度对全膝关节置换术后康复的影响

目的探讨持续被动运动(CPM)不同初始角度使用方法对全膝关节置换术后膝关节被动屈曲、伸展角度及肿胀的影响。方法 72例单侧全膝关节置换术患者随机分为CPM1组和cPM2组,每组36 例。所有患者均于术后第2天进行CPM,每日2次,每次1 h。CPM1组初始角度0-40°,每日增加10-20°; CPM2组初始角度90-50°,每日增加伸展角度10-15°,4 d内达到90-0°。结果 CPM2组在术后第7天、第 3个月时的膝关节屈曲、伸展角度均优于CPM1组,关节肿胀程度也较CPM1组轻。结论全膝关节置换术后 CPM早期屈曲角度越大越有利于康复。     

同侧髋、膝关节同时置换术后康复

目的:探讨同侧髋膝关节同时置换术的康复方法。方法:对1992年—1999年间收治的30例43侧严重风湿病下肢同侧髋膝关节同时置换术患者进行术后康复治疗,针对这些严重的风湿病患者制订一系列康复措施,并针对同侧髋膝关节同时置换术后的病例特点进行康复。结果:术前术后对比,髋关节术后总活动度平均提高93.7°,髋关节Harris评分较术前提高45分。膝关节活动度平均较术前提高44°,HSS平均较术前提高46.5分。全部患者经过平均5.2年的随访。随访期内,1例1膝患者复发屈膝挛缩,1例1膝出院后家庭康复时不慎摔倒致左股骨干骨折,经手术治疗后骨折愈合。其余患者均对患肢功能主观评价满意,术后疼痛症状明显缓解,出院时所有患者的不扶拐行走距离均超过100m。结论:同侧髋膝关节同时置换术患者的康复应在术前详细制订康复计划,针对病人不同情况采取不同的康复措施,严格遵守循序渐进、因人而异、随时调整的原则。     

Predictors of functional ambulation and patient perception following total knee replacement and short-term rehabilitation

Purpose.?To investigate whether measured and patient-perceived function 6 months after total knee replacement (TKR) can be predicted from factors measured during post-operative rehabilitation.

Method.?Retrospective analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial involving 100 patients after TKR. High- and low-performing subjects for pain, WOMAC score and 6-min walk test (6MWT) at 2, 8 and 26 weeks post-TKR were partitioned and analysed. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was applied to the contributing factors to determine associations with outcome.

Results.?Prediction of outcome was unconvincing based upon variables recorded at 2 weeks; however, status at 8 weeks was a better indicator of functional performance and perception at 26 weeks. 6MWT at 26 weeks could be predicted from VAS pain scores and 6MWT at 8 weeks (r?=?0.789; p?<?0.001). Prediction of pain and patient perceived function at 26 weeks was also dependent on performance in 6MWT at 8 weeks (r = 0.51; p?<?0.05). Males and those with lower body mass index values demonstrated better functional outcomes.

Conclusion.?Functional status at 2 weeks post-surgery gives few indicators of ultimate status, possibly because of pain, joint swelling and other immediate post-operative factors. However, measurements taken at 8 weeks, following an outpatient-based exercise programme, provides a reasonable estimate of performance and response 26 weeks after surgery. Patient and clinician expectations for longer-term recovery could be informed by these findings.     

Deluxe-ps膝关节假体在一期双膝关节置换过程中的应用

背景：Deluxe-PS 型人工膝关节假体是根据中国人膝关节解剖特点尤其是股骨髁的形态特征而设计的,其膝关节假体股骨髁内外侧距（M-L）较进口假体少3.5 mm。 目的：探讨Deluxe-ps膝关节假体行一期双膝关节置换中的近期疗效。 方法：纳入使用Deluxe-ps型膝关节假体行一期双侧膝关节置换的膝关节炎患者15例（30膝）设为实验组,对照组为同期采用P.F.C.Sigma膝关节假体行一期双侧膝关节置换的20例患者（40膝）。采用KSS评分和关节功能HSS评分、膝关节关节活动度评估两组手术前、后膝关节功能,对比两组手术时间、及术中输血量。 结果与结论：两组患者置换后均得到12-24个月随访,平均16个月。置换后患者膝关节疼痛均缓解,关节功能恢复满意。两组膝关节置换后与置换前 KSS 评分、HSS 评分及膝关节关节活动度比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。置换后,两组间KSS评分和HSS评分及膝关节关节活动度,差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,两组间置换过程中出血量比较,差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）,手术时间比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。说明采用Deluxe-ps膝关节假体行一期双膝关节置换近期疗效满意。     

全膝关节置换术的护理及健康教育

全膝关节置换是使用人工生物材料置换膝关节中已被破坏的骨和软骨。全膝关节置换术适用于60岁以上,膝关节有严重病变,或伴有反复发作的关节疼痛、肿胀、畸     

高屈曲型与普通型假体人工全膝关节置换后的早期功能恢复比较

背景:高屈型假体理论上优于普通型假体,尤其是在置入后关节屈曲度方面。目的:评价高屈曲型与普通型假体单侧人工全膝关节置换后早期的功能康复之间的差异。方法:回顾性对照分析新疆医科大学第四附属医院骨科中心初次行人工全膝关节置换的133例患者141膝,植入假体分别为高屈曲型与普通型,比较两组患者置入后疗效。结果与结论:置入后高屈组1例发生一过性腓总神经麻痹,1例置入后切口愈合不良,42例44膝获随访,失访2例3膝,随访12～19个月;普通型2例发生切口愈合不良,1例浅静脉血栓,86例91膝获随访,失访3例3膝,随访12～23个月。置入后1年两组HSS评分、疼痛评分、肌力评级比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。高屈曲型在活动度、屈曲挛缩度方面优于普通型(P<0.05)。说明高屈曲型假体单侧人工全膝关节置换早期在关节活动范围和屈曲挛缩度方面评分优于普通型。     

人工膝关节置换术后的护理体会

目的探讨人工膝关节置换术后的护理要点和疗效。方法对11例行膝关节置换患者的术后护理方法及效果进行回顾总结。结果所有患者手术经过顺利,术后予精心护理。经6~24个月的术后随访,效果满意,优良率达100%,无1例发生感染,无假体松动及关节僵硬等并发症发生。结论对人工膝关节置换者术后行正确有效的护理能预防各种术后并发症,并能促进患肢功能恢复,明显提高患者的生活质量。     

Mobile and fixed bearing total knee prosthesis functional comparison during stair climbing

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation is to determine the functional performance of the mobile bearing total knee replacement prosthesis as compared to the fixed bearing type total knee replacement prosthesis. DESIGN: Kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography data were gained from 10 patients with mobile bearing and 10 patients with a fixed bearing posterior stabilized Insall Burstein II total knee replacement during ascending and descending stairs. A control group of 10 normal subjects, matched by sex and age, was also analysed. BACKGROUND: No significant biomechanical differences in patients with different total knee replacement designs have been reported from level-walking studies. Slightly better performance of posterior retaining with respect to cruciate sacrificing total knee replacement designs have been claimed from stair climbing studies. Only one study has been conducted regarding mobile versus fixed bearing total knee replacement assessed by gait analysis. This study did not show any biomechanical differences between the two groups. METHODS: Motion analysis was used to quantify the knee kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography (right and left longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles) during stair ascent and descent. RESULTS: The mobile bearing group demonstrated a reduced knee extensor moment during stair climbing and descending, and a reduced knee adductor moment during stair climbing. When ascending stairs, most of the mobile bearing patients show a peak knee flexion and a peak knee flexion moment at the late stance phase during the double support period. This kinematic and kinetic pattern is absent in normal subject. Both mobile bearing and fixed bearing groups showed abnormal electromyography patterns in both descending and ascending. CONCLUSIONS: During stair climbing, the mobile bearing design demonstrates a different kinematic pattern to the fixed bearing total knee replacement. Lower limb compensatory mechanisms seemed to be adopted particularly by the mobile bearing patients during ascending stairs. RELEVANCE: Total knee replacement patient with mobile bearing design can feel excessive femoro-tibial motion during daily living activities such as stair climbing and descending. Proprioceptive control of this tibio-femoral translation is needed as demonstrated by the lower limb compensatory mechanism. This data suggest that antero-posterior constraint structures (ligamentous or mechanical) are important to obtain reproducible knee kinematics.     

全膝关节置换术围手术期护理

目的：探讨全膝关节置换术围手术期护理要点。方法：对我院2005年1月～2008年1月128例行全膝关节置换术患者进行精心全面的围手术期护理。结果：128例患者术后均取得较为理想的效果,无1例严重并发症发生。结论：精心全面的围手术期护理对巩固手术效果、预防并以症、及早恢复关节功能具有至关重要的作用。     

Assessing the outcomes of total knee replacement

Abstract: The past few years have seen a growth of interest in outcome measurement in a variety of settings including audit, health care management and commissioning – besides the traditional applications in research work. This paper reports on a study of the outcomes of total knee replacement in an acute hospital where the outcomes were studied as part of an audit process. The outcome measures used included clinical and symptomatic measures as well as generic health status scales. The initial study in one hospital was expanded to include a number of others in the same region and a comparative database of outcomes developed. Examples of the results are shown. The technical measures using knee scores and general health status measure show significant improvement from pre-operatively to 3 months later. This improvement was maintained up to the 1-year follow-up on both measures. Although the information systems for collecting and measuring outcomes has been successful, the ability of such measures to lead to behavioural change has been limited. The problems in using outcome measures are discussed in particular in the context of an audit within hospitals, and for purchasing agencies.     

Patients with total knee arthroplasty do not use all of their available range of knee flexion during functional activities

BackgroundRecent research designed to improve outcome from total knee arthroplasty has included focus on strategies that increase the range of post-operative knee flexion. Patients with knee arthroplasty can now expect > 100° of knee flexion following surgery, but it is not clear whether this improved range of motion facilitates outcome or whether patients take advantage of this range when completing daily functional activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the knee flexion angles used during daily functional activities that specifically required high degrees of knee flexion. It was hypothesised that patients with greater range of passive knee flexion would achieve higher degrees of knee flexion during functional activities.MethodsMotion analysis was used to assess the maximum knee flexion of 40 patients with total knee arthroplasty and 40 control participants as they performed maximum flexion squatting and lunging activities.FindingsPatients with knee arthroplasty used between 80.8 and 91.4° of knee flexion to complete these activities, which was 20 to 30% less than that used by the control participants. Patients with greater ranges of passive knee flexion had greater maximum knee flexion during functional activities. However, they used only between 68% and 77% of their full passive range when lunging and squatting.InterpretationThe development of rehabilitation strategies that aim to increase weightbearing knee flexion capacity may be warranted to improve functional performance following total knee arthroplasty.     

Patient empowerment after total hip and knee replacement

PURPOSE: This research was designed to gain an enhanced understanding of empowerment within in-home care relationships after hospital discharge of elderly patients who had undergone total hip or total knee replacement. METHOD: An interpretive phenomenology method was used. SAMPLE: Nine participants were interviewed on audiotape, guided by a semistructured interview guide. Five themes emerged centering on a strong desire to maintain independence. Overall, participants experienced disempowered relationships with professional in-home care providers and a more equitable empowered relationship with nonprofessional care providers. CONCLUSION: Disempowered relationships with professional personnel were not identified as a dissatisfier to most participants. Rather, patients expressed deference to the traditional expert model of healthcare. Further investigation is needed to understand the effect of empowerment on client satisfaction and clinical outcomes.     

全膝关节置换术后不同功能锻炼方式的比较研究

人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是一种疗效十分确切的手术,术后优良率>90%,但只把手术成功寄托在手术技术上,不注重手术前后患膝关节伸屈功能的健康指导.     

兔用金属对金属表面人工膝关节假体置入的可行性

背景:目前抗磨损方面的研究主要集中在关节摩擦副的改进和选择,其中金属对金属摩擦副是重要的革新与探索方向之一.目的:观察兔用金属对金属表面人工膝关节假体置入动物体内的可行性及置入后12个月的使用情况,并探讨其生物力学性能.方法:自行设计完成兔膝关节假体,人工股骨和人工胫骨假体表面均为不锈钢材料,使其摩擦表面配对成为金属对金属.10 只成年新西兰大白兔随机分成两组,每组5只,实验组和对照组分别行左侧人工膝关节置换,髌骨不置换,分别置入生物型网孔假体和骨水泥固定的非网孔假体.结果与结论:置换后12个月,实验组标本大体观察可见大量骨质重建现象;两组膝关节功能差异无显著性意义;X射线检测示两组均固定良好,无脱位及松动发生;生物力学测试假体骨界面最大剪切强度实验组明显高于对照组(P < 0.05);扫描电镜观察实验组假体固定界面可见新骨形成,对照组假体与骨固定界面无新骨形成.提示金属对金属表面人工膝关节,无论是骨水泥假体还是生物型假体,均适合于在动物体内使用,置换后12个月动物实验观察见生物型假体及骨水泥假体在动物体内生存良好,多层网孔表面兔用生物型人工膝关节假体置入动物体内的固定强度要优于骨水泥假体.