野菊花总黄酮对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡及Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 研究野菊花总黄酮(TFC)对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其作用机理.方法 20只SD大鼠右后足跖皮内注射0.1ml弗氏完全佐剂复制AA模型;24d后组织块培养法分离培养大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞,电镜观察细胞形态改变,Western blotting分析大鼠滑膜细胞caspase-3活化片段蛋白的表达变化,annexinV荧光染色检测caspase-3特异性阻断剂对大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡的抑制作用. 结果 TFC能诱导大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡,电镜规察到典型的凋亡细胞核.大鼠滑膜细胞caspase-3活化片段蛋白表达随TFC浓度增加而明显升高,caspase-3特异性阻断剂可以明显减轻AA大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡. 结论 TFC可促进大鼠滑膜细胞凋亡而达到治疗AA作用,其机制与TFC诱导滑膜细胞凋亡及提高caspase-3的活化有关.     

重组人内抑素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠成纤维样滑膜细胞内钙离子稳态的影响

目的 观察重组人内抑素(rhEndestatin)对佐剂性关节炎大鼠成纤维样滑膜细胞(AA FLSs)内钙离子(Ca2+)稳态的影响,探讨rhEndomafin促进AA FLSs凋亡的离子机制,为RA药物治疗及寻找其治疗新靶点提供实验依据.方法雄性SD大鼠12只,体质量140～160 g,分为正常组(n=3)和从模型组(n=9).模型组大鼠制备从模型,体外培养AA FLSs,应用Ca2+荧光指示剂Fluo-3/AM孵育培养的细胞,激光扫描共焦显微镜检测有、无细胞外Ca2+,而rhEndestatin作用所致AA FLSs胞内Ca2+荧光强度发生动态变化,可以判断rhEndostatin对AA FLSs胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]I)的影响.结果在胞外有Ca2+的情况下,rhEndostatin可引起静态AA FLS[Ca2+];快速增加,rhEndostatin作用10s后,[Ca2+];急剧增加达峰值,继之随时间缓慢下降,停止加药50 s后,[Ca2+]I尚未回复到加药前基础水平;而在无细胞外钙环境中,rhEndostatin未引起AA FLSs[Ca2+]I变化.结论 rhEndestafin可促进AA FLSs胞外Ca2+内流,引起胞内Ca2+超载,从而促进从FLSs凋亡.     

中药风湿宁对佐剂性关节炎大鼠关节滑膜组织ICAM-1表达的影响

目的：探讨中药复方风湿宁（FSN）N-实验性类风湿性关节炎（RA）的疗效及作用机理。方法：以佐剂性关节炎（adjunvant arthritis,AA）大鼠为实验对象,分别予以FSN与雷公藤多甙（TWP）进行治疗,对照观察大鼠关节肿胀程度,以及关节内病理组织学变化情况。采用免疫组织化学检测各组AA大鼠病变关节滑膜组织中ICAM-1的表达。结果：FSN可显著抑制AA大鼠足跖肿胀,明显减轻病变关节滑膜炎症与增生,防止关节软骨及骨质的破坏;FSN能明显降低ICAM-1在AA大鼠滑膜组织的表达（P〈0.01）结论：FSN具有改善实验性RA症状及病情的作用,其抗炎作用与调控滑膜细胞-细胞间及细胞-细胞外基质间的粘附作用有关。     

有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶p38在佐剂关节炎大鼠滑膜及肺组织的表达

目的研究有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)-p38在佐剂关节炎(AA)大鼠滑膜及肺组织中表达,探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)的发病机制。方法给大鼠右后足跖部皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)复制RA的动物模型-AA。用原位杂交法检测p38mRNA在AA大鼠滑膜及肺组织中的表达。结果AA大鼠滑膜和肺组织p38mRNA阳性细胞的平均灰度值(0~255,深~浅)明显低于正常大鼠(P<0.01)。AA大鼠滑膜的巨噬细胞,成纤维细胞和淋巴细胞的胞浆内均有p38mRNA的表达。肺组织中p38mRNA主要表达于巨噬细胞,单核细胞及浸润的淋巴细胞中。结论AA大鼠p38mRNA过表达与AA的滑膜及肺部病变有关,可能在RA的发病中有重要作用。     

辛伐他汀对佐剂性关节炎大鼠膝关节滑膜VEGF和HIF-1α表达的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜中血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1α)表达的影响。方法建立佐剂性关节炎大鼠(AA)模型,分别给予甲氨喋呤及辛伐他汀灌胃治疗。取膝关节滑膜,常规HE染色,计算滑膜病理积分,免疫组织化学染色检测VEGF和HIF-1α在膝关节滑膜的表达。结果 AA大鼠滑膜组织VEGF和HIF-1α的表达显著高于正常对照组,HE及免疫组织化学染色显示辛伐他汀可抑制炎症反应,降低VEGF和HIF-1α在膝关节滑膜的表达。结论辛伐他汀能明显降低AA大鼠滑膜组织VEGF和HIF-1α表达,有局部抗炎作用,可能抑制滑膜血管新生。     

HIF-1α和VEGF在佐剂性关节炎大鼠膝关节滑膜的表达

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)和血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growthfactor,VEGF)在佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠膝关节滑膜中的表达及其与滑膜病理积分的相关性。方法:建立AA大鼠模型,于造模第28天取膝关节滑膜,常规HE染色,计算滑膜病理积分,免疫组织化学染色检测HIF-1α和VEGF在膝关节滑膜的表达。结果:AA组大鼠滑膜HIF-1α和VEGF均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),二者之间呈显著正相关(P0.01),且均与滑膜病理积分呈显著正相关(P0.01)。结论:HIF-1α和VEGF在AA大鼠膝关节滑膜增生的过程中起重要作用,二者相互影响并促进滑膜新生血管的形成。     

姜黄素对佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜血管新生的影响

<正>目的:观察佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清血管内皮生长因子水平,滑膜血管新生和血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达及姜黄素对其干预作用,探讨姜黄素治疗类风湿关节炎的可能机制。方法:取SD大鼠,制成佐剂性关节炎模型,设正常组、模型组、姜黄素组、甲氨喋呤组。造模后第9天起分别予以腹腔注射姜黄素50mg/     

Hedgehog信号通路阻断剂环巴胺体外对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的关节软骨细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路抑制剂环巴胺体外对佐剂性关节炎大鼠(AA)模型的关节软骨细胞增殖的影响和部分机制。方法弗氏完全佐剂诱导AA大鼠,测量关节炎指数和继发性足肿胀度,HE染色观察两组软骨组织生长情况;取AA大鼠踝关节软骨组织,采用胰蛋白酶-胶原酶法分离、培养、鉴定,环巴胺(0、0.05、0.5、5、20μmol/L)体外给药,MTT法检测AA大鼠踝关节软骨细胞增殖,Annexin V-FITC/PI双染检测AA大鼠踝关节软骨细胞凋亡,Western blotting检测AA大鼠踝关节软骨细胞Shh、Ptch1、Gli1的蛋白表达。结果弗氏完全佐剂诱导后,与正常大鼠相比,AA大鼠关节炎指数和继发性足肿胀度明显升高,HE染色显示,AA大鼠踝关节软骨组织有破坏;甲苯胺蓝和Ⅱ型胶原鉴定体外成功培养AA大鼠踝关节软骨细胞;体外给药环巴胺(0.05、0.5、5、20μmol/L)可升高AA模型关节软骨细胞增殖,流式细胞检测结果显示,环巴胺能降低AA模型软骨细胞凋亡率;与未用环巴胺组相比,环巴胺(0.5、5、20μmol/L)给药对AA软骨细胞中Hh信号通路相关蛋白(Shh、Ptch1、Gli1)表达显著下降。结论弗氏完全佐剂诱导建立AA大鼠模型成立,体外给药环巴胺可抑制AA大鼠软骨细胞的增殖,抑制软骨细胞的凋亡,该作用与抑制AA大鼠软骨细胞Hh信号有关。     

鬼针草总黄酮对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用及机制

目的 探讨鬼针草总黄酮(TFB)对大鼠佐剂性关节炎(AA)关节肿胀指数、炎症因子水平、toll样受体4（TLR4）信号转导通路及病理评分的影响。方法 选取50只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、模型组、TFB(40 mg/kg、80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg)组,每组各10只。比较各组大鼠关节肿胀指数;采用放射免疫法检测血清白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的水平;Western blotting检测巨噬细胞中TLR4、核因子κB（NF-κB）的表达水平;HE染色进行大鼠关节病理评分。结果 模型组关节肿胀指数、炎症因子水平、TLR4及NF-κB表达均明显高于空白组,不同剂量的TFB组（40 mg/kg、80 mg/kg、160 mg/kg）关节肿胀指数、炎症因子水平、TLR4、NF-κB表达及病理评分均显著低于模型组(P<0.05),且TFB剂量越大,所有指标表达水平越低(P<0.05)。结论 TFB对AA大鼠具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与降低关节肿胀指数及炎症因子水平、抑制TLR4和NF-κB表达、阻碍血管翳形成有关。     

抑制cyclinD1表达对乳腺癌细胞增殖及cyclinE、CDK2和p21cip1转录的影响

目的　分析探讨人乳腺癌细胞中 cyclin D1的表达受到反义 RNA抑制后 ,细胞增殖能力的变化以及cyclin E,CDK2和 p2 1cip1 (cip1/ waf1/ sdi1)基因表达受到的影响。　方法　将表达 cyclin D1反义 RNA的重组质粒转入人乳腺癌细胞 ,由此抑制细胞中 cyclin D1的表达 ,然后分析细胞生长速率和各时相细胞分布比例的变化 ,并通过Northern blot分析有关基因的表达水平。　结果　 cyclin D1表达受到抑制的细胞与对照相比 ,细胞增殖速率明显下降 ,培养至第 6 d时 ,生长抑制率为 5 4%。细胞周期各时相的分布比例也有较大的变化 ,G1期细胞比例上升 ,而 S期及 G2 / M期细胞比例下降。cyclin E和 CDK2的 m RNA水平显示出有不同程度的下降 ,而 p2 1cip1的表达无明显变化。　结论　 cyclin D1表达的抑制可明显减弱人乳腺癌细胞的异常增殖 ,同时表明同为细胞周期调控基因的 cyclin E和CDK2的表达与 cyclin D1的表达密切相关 ,而 p2 1cip1的表达不受 cyclin D1的影响     

p21WAF1/Cip1 is associated with cyclin D1CCND1 expression and tubular differentiation but is independent of p53 overexpression in human breast carcinoma

p21^WAF1/Cip1 is an inhibitor of cdk/cyclin complexes, and thus regulates the cell cycle. p21 is also related to cell differentiation and is regulated by wild-type p53, although p53-independent regulatory pathways have been proposed. In order to analyse p21 expression as well as its relationship with p53 in human breast cancer, an immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken of 77 breast carcinomas, 16 of them with an in situ component; 30 adjacent normal tissue samples; and five non-neoplastic specimens. Forty-four infiltrating carcinomas (57 per cent) were p21-positive. Expression of p21 was also observed in pre-invasive lesions, whereas normal ducts were negative or focally and weakly positive. p21 expression was associated with high histological grade (II+III) (P-0·017) and poor tubule formation (P-0·002), and was significantly less frequent in lobular carcinomas (P-0·0001). p21 positivity also correlated with increased proliferation, but this seemed to be dependent on the histological grade. Twenty carcinomas (26 per cent) showed p53 overexpression, but this was not associated with p21 negativity, suggesting the existence of p53-independent mechanisms for p21 regulation in vivo. Cyclin D1^CCND1 expression was analysed in the same series and an association between p21 and cyclin D1 expression was found, since 23 of 26 cyclin D1-positive carcinomas were p21-positive (P<0·001 …). In conclusion, p21 is frequently overexpressed in breast carcinomas and this occurs in the early stages of neoplastic progression. This overexpression seems to be independent of p53 status and might be involved in cyclin D1 modulation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differential expression of p16/p21/p27 and cyclin D1/D3, and their relationships to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumour progression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

In order to understand the intricate relationship of cell proliferation and apoptosis in tumour development, proliferation markers (Ki-67 and c-myc), apoptosis, cell-cycle inducers cyclin D1 and D3, and cell-cycle inhibitors p16(INK4), p21(CIP1), and p27(KIP1) were evaluated in ductal breast carcinoma. The heterogeneous nature of breast tumours provides a system by which the changes in cell-cycle genes can be explored under a wide range of proliferation and apoptotic indices. To address the above issues, immunohistochemical studies were conducted in 40 pairs of tumours and adjacent normal ductal tissues. The TUNEL method was used to identify apoptotic cells. Except for p27/KIP1, the proliferation (Ki-67, c-myc) and the apoptotic indexes together with levels of p16/INK4a, p21/CIP1, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3, were clearly elevated among tumour tissues, while absent in the adjacent normal tissues. Spearman correlation analysis indicated strong associations among apoptotic index, Ki-67, c-myc, and tumour grade. In addition, p21/CIP1 and cyclin D3 were positively correlated, while p16/INK4a, p27/KIP1, and cyclin D1 were negatively correlated with tumour grade. There was clear decoupling between p21 and p27, as well as decoupling between cyclin D1 and cyclin D3, in terms of their relationship to cell proliferation and apoptosis, indicating differential roles in tumour progression.     

Expression of p21Waf1, p27Kip1 and cyclin D1 proteins in breast ductal carcinoma in situ: Relation with clinicopathologic characteristics and with p53 expression and estrogen receptor status

p21Waf1 (p21), p27Kip1 (p27) and cyclin D1 have recently been reported as useful prognostic markers for patients with breast carcinoma. However, studies on these cell cycle regulators in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have been extremely limited. Therefore, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of p21, p27 and cyclin D1 proteins in 49 DCIS cases and compared the findings with the clinicopathologic parameters (age, tumor size, gross type, histologic type, histologic grade, necrosis and mitotic index), p53 and estrogen receptor (ER) status. A significant correlation was found between positive p21 immunoreactivity (67.3% of the cases) and well-differentiated histologic grade, non-comedo type, ER-positive and p53-negative (p53-) status. DCIS with p21+/p53- is likely to be the non-comedo type. The overexpression of cyclin D1 (59.2% of the cases) correlated positively with the ER expression (P = 0.001). The p27 protein expression (46.9% of the cases) correlated with the cyclin D1 immunopositivity (P = 0.0003) and ER expression (P = 0.005). No significant associations were seen in the p27 or cyclin D1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters. Our results suggest that p21 might be more related to the useful biologic markers in DCIS than p27 or cyclin D1. The significant positive association between p21, p27 or cyclin D1 and ER status, and close association of p27 and cyclin D1 expression might be implicated in the tumor biology of DCIS.     

p16、Rb和cyclin D1蛋白在横纹肌肉瘤中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨细胞周期相关蛋白表达异常与横纹肌肉瘤（RMS）的关系。方法：应用S－P免疫组化方法观察p16,Rb和cyclinD1蛋白在RMS中的表达状态。结果：p16,Rb和cyclinD1蛋白表达阳性率分别为55．3％,61．7％和51．1％,在胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤（ERMS）,p16和Rb蛋白表达阳性率为75．0％（21／28）和67．9％（19／28）,明显高于在腺泡状横纹肌肉瘤（ARMS）中的表达（P＜0．05）,p16蛋白阳性率在I,Ⅱ级横纹肌肉瘤分别为75．0％和73．3％,高于Ⅲ级横纹肌肉瘤（45．0％）;p16蛋白阴性及cyclinD1蛋白过表达组,局部浸润,复发或转移发生率高于p16蛋白阳性及cyclinD1蛋白阴性组;11／47例（23．4％）出现两种以上蛋白表达异常。结论：P16,Rb和cyclinD1蛋白异常可能与部分横纹肌肉瘤发生发展有关,且横纹肌肉瘤的发生可能涉及两种以上基因异常。     

Differential expression of cdk inhibitors p16, p21cip1, p27kip1, and cyclin E in cervical cytological smears prepared by the ThinPrep method

Our objective was to correlate p16, p21cip1, p27kip1, and cyclin E protein expression with the degree of dysplasia on ThinPrep Papanicolaou (Pap) smears using a modified immunoperoxidase staining. Smears read as normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), or high-grade SIL (HSIL) were identified and tested for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). Additional smears were processed for immunoperoxidase for p16, p21cip1, p27kip1, and cyclin E. Thirty-four smears were satisfactory for study. The p16 was positive in all nine HSIL, in four of nine LSIL, and in one of seven ASC-US. The p27kip1 was positive in all nine HSIL, in eight of nine LSIL, and in one of seven ASC-US. The p21cip1 was positive in all nine HSIL, in one of nine LSIL, and in one of seven ASC-US. Cyclin E was positive in seven of nine HSIL and in one of nine LSIL and in none of the ASC-US smears. Normal smears were negative for all the antigens. There was poor correlation of protein expression and HR-HPV infection. We concluded that p16, p21cip1, p27kip1, and cyclin E can be demonstrated on Pap smears and they are expressed differentially in dysplastic cells, with highest expression in HSIL. The p21cip1 and cyclin E showed the greatest correlation with HSIL.     

Expressions of cyclin E, A, and B1 in Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells: Not suppressed by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 expression

p21 Is involved in the control of the mammalian cell cycle through the binding and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. The cyclins are dependent on the phases of the cell cycle, and divided into two classes: mitotic cyclins (A, B1, B2) and G1 cyclins (C, D1, D2, D3, E). The product of the p21 gene is a potent downstream effector of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene function. The Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg (H & RS) cells in Hodgkin's disease are reported to frequently express p53, p21, and nuclear proliferative activity (Ki-67). To clarify the relationship of p21, p53 and cyclins, we performed the immunohistochemistry of p53, p21, Ki-67, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A and cyclin B1, using 11 cases with Hodgkin's disease. In addition, we performed p53 gene sequencing of exon 5-8, and in situ hybridization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBER-1 region, whose products have reported to induce the expression of cyclin D. In this study, in all cases, Ki-67 was expressed in almost all H & RS cells, and p53 and p21 were expressed in H & RS cells. No p53 gene mutations were detected in any case, and p53 protein overexpression did not correlate with p53 gene mutations. The number of p21-positive H & RS cells was significantly related with that of the p53-positive cells. The cyclins E, A, B1 and D1 were also expressed in H & RS cells. Unexpectedly, the expression of the cyclins was not suppressed by p21 and p53 expression. In addition, the existence of EBV was not related to the expression of cyclins. It is considered that H & RS cells are, indeed, in cell cycle and commonly express the cell cyclins, and that the cell cycle of H & RS cells may not be specifically fixed in the G1, S, G2 or M phases.     

肾癌中cyclinD1和p27kip1的表达及其意义

目的探讨cyc lin D1、p27k ip1在普通型肾细胞癌(renal cell carc inom a,RCC)发生、发展中的作用。方法用半定量RT-PCR方法检测25例普通型RCC和10例肿瘤远端的正常肾组织中cyc lin D1的mRNA含量,用免疫组化方法检测76例普通型RCC中cyc lin D1和p27k ip1蛋白的表达,并对cyc lin D1、p27k ip1蛋白表达与临床病理参数的关系进行分析。结果普通型RCC中cyc lin D1的mRNA含量0.488±0.399,高于正常对照组0.089±0.066(P<0.01)。cyc lin D1的表达与肿瘤体积大小有关,体积大者cyc lin D1高表达(P<0.05)。普通型RCC中p27k ip1表达低于正常对照组,随着p27k ip1表达的降低,肿瘤的细胞核Fu-hrm an分级、TNM分期增高。结论cyc lin D1高表达和p27k ip1的低表达与普通型RCC的发生有关;p27k ip1的低表达可能促进肿瘤的演进,p27k ip1的表达可作为评价普通型RCC预后的参考指标。     

Cyclin D1 and p21 in ulcerative colitis-related inflammation and epithelial neoplasia: a study of aberrant expression and underlying mechanisms

It is unclear whether and how cyclin D1 and/or p21(WAF1/CIP1) dysregulation contribute to ulcerative colitis (UC)-related inflammation and colorectal carcinogenesis. Cases of quiescent UC (QUC; n = 15), active UC (AUC; n = 23), UC-related dysplasia (n = 35) and UC-related colorectal adenocarcinomas (CRCs; n = 11) were studied with cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) immunohistochemistry. The CRCs were also studied with beta-catenin, bcl2, and p53 immunohistochemistry, p53 and k-ras mutation analyses, and cyclin D1 gene fluorescence in situ hybridization. QUC showed cyclin D1 (negative/weak staining) and p21(WAF1/CIP1) (surface epithelial and upper-third crypt staining) expression similar to that of normal colorectum. Moderate or strong cyclin D1 immunostaining was seen in 9% of AUC cases, 40% of dysplasia cases, and 36% of UC-related CRCs. Although these carcinomas showed neither cyclin D1 gene amplification nor any association between k-ras mutation and cyclin D1 overexpression, the latter was closely related to nuclear beta-catenin expression. Increased lower-third crypt p21(WAF1/CIP1) staining was seen in 57% of AUC cases; decreased upper-third crypt p21(WAF1/CIP1) staining, in 23% of dysplasia cases; and absent or weak p21(WAF1/CIP1) staining, in 55% of UC-related CRCs. The latter change was always associated with p53 mutation but could not be related to p53 or bcl2 expression. In conclusion, AUC shows up-regulated cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. Cyclin D1 up-regulation and p21(WAF1/CIP1) down-regulation occur early in UC-related carcinogenesis. Cyclin D1 up-regulation is less common in UC-related CRCs than in sporadic CRCs, and is related to beta-catenin nuclear signaling. p21(WAF1/CIP1) down-regulation is seen at an equal or higher frequency among UC-related CRCs compared with sporadic CRCs and is attributable to p53 mutation.     

Alterations of expression of Rb,p16INK4A and cyclin D1 in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their clinical significance

Inactivation of the Rb pathway in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) occurs mostly through inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16^INK4A and/or up-regulation of cyclin D1. In order to assess the frequency and the prognostic value of these abnormalities in NSCLC, immunohistochemical analysis of Rb, p16^INK4, and cyclin D1 has been performed on 168 cases of NSCLC including 77 squamous cell carcinomas, 43 adenocarcinomas, and 48 basaloid carcinomas. The reduced survival rate of basaloid carcinoma (stage I–II) compared with other histological types of NSCLC was confirmed (p = 0·008). Loss of protein expression of Rb and p16^INK4A was observed in 12 per cent and 58 per cent of NSCLC cases respectively and cyclin D1 overexpression in 43 per cent. There was an inverse correlation between Rb and p16 expression ( p < 0·0001) and a direct correlation between Rb and cyclin D1 expression ( p = 0·0007). In univariate analysis, Rb-negative adenocarcinomas at stages I–II had a significantly shorter survival than Rb-positive cases ( p = 0·04) and stages I–II p16-positive cases had a shorter survival than p16-negative cases ( p = 0·02), which was more significant in basaloid carcinoma ( p = 0·003). p16 status retained its influence on survival in multivariate analysis at stage I–II for all cases ( p = 0·01) and for basaloid carcinoma ( p = 0·005). Cyclin D1 overexpression did not influence survival. Combined Rb/p16/cyclin D1 phenotypes in univariate analysis showed a shorter survival for Rb-negative/p16-positive/cyclin D1-negative tumours ( p = 0·002). These results, linked to previous data, indicate that the Rb pathway of G1 arrest is initially disrupted in the vast majority of NSCLCs (83 per cent), but could not confirm an unfavourable role for each individual event (p16^INK4A loss or cyclin D1 up-regulation) in prognosis. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.