Mixtures of Uncaria and Tabebuia extracts are potentially chemopreventive in CBA/Ca mice: a long‐term experiment

A long‐term experimental animal model was developed by our research group for the evaluation of potential chemopreventive effects. The inhibitory effects of agents on carcinogen (7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced molecular epidemiological biomarkers, in this case the expression of key onco/suppressor genes were investigated. The expression pattern of c‐myc, Ha‐ras, Bcl‐2, K‐ras protooncogene and p53 tumour suppressor gene were studied to elucidate early carcinogenic and potential chemopreventive effects. The consumption of so‐called Claw of Dragon tea (CoD? tea) containing the bark of Uncaria guianensis, Cat's Claw (Uncaria sp. U. tomentosa) and Palmer trumpet‐tree (Tabebuia sp. T. avellanedae) was able to decrease the DMBA‐induced onco/suppressor gene overexpression in a short‐term animal experiment. In a following study CBA/Ca mice were treated with 20 mg/kg bw DMBA intraperitoneally (i.p.) and the expression patterns of onco/suppressor genes were examined at several time intervals. According to the examined gene expression patterns in this long‐term experiment the chemopreventive effect of CoD? tea consumption could be confirmed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antidiabetic and hypocholesterolaemic effects of fenugreek

The seeds of Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) have been reported to have antidiabetic and hypocholesterolaemic properties in both animal models and humans. Activity has been attributed largely to fenugreek's saponin and high fibre content, and is probably not related to its major alkaloid trigonelline. Antihyperglycaemic effects have been linked to delayed gastric emptying caused by the fibre content, and to (unidentified) components that inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes. Fenugreek administration may increase plasma insulin levels in vivo. Its major free amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, stimulates insulin secretion from perfused pancreas in vitro. The hypocholesterolaemic effect has been attributed to increased conversion of hepatic cholesterol to bile salts due to loss, in the faeces, of complexes of these substances with fenugreek fibre and saponins. Fenugreek treatment selectively reduces the LDL and VLDL fractions of total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol has also been reported to increase in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and type II diabetic individuals following treatment with fenugreek. Fenugreek administration has not been reported to cause any toxicological effects. Its regular consumption may therefore be beneficial in the management of diabetes and the prevention of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of Fenugreek Fiber on Satiety,Blood Glucose and Insulin Response and Energy Intake in Obese Subjects

Eighteen healthy obese subjects participated in a single blind, randomized, crossover study of three test breakfasts, containing 0 g (control), 4 g or 8 g of isolated fenugreek fiber. Subjects recorded ratings of hunger, satiety, fullness and prospective food consumption using visual analog scales (VAS) every 30 min for 3.5 h. Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses were measured. Energy intake from an ad libitum lunch buffet and for the remainder of the day was assessed. The 8 g dose of fenugreek fiber significantly increased mean ratings of satiety and fullness, and reduced ratings of hunger and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Palatability was significantly reduced with increasing doses of fenugreek fiber (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose among treatments. An increase in insulin AUC was found with 8 g fenugreek fiber. Energy intake at an ad libitum lunch buffet was significantly lower for 8 g than 4 g fenugreek fiber, but not significantly different from control, although there was a trend towards a lower intake (p = 0.11). No differences were observed for energy intake for the remainder of the day. Fenugreek fiber (8 g) significantly increased satiety and reduced energy intake at lunch, suggesting it may have short‐term beneficial effects in obese subjects. Satiety results were not related to postprandial blood glucose. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chemopreventive effect of Panax ginseng

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been used in Chinese medicine for two thousand years. The root of ginseng contains several saponins (ginsenosides) which are biologically active compounds. Individual ginsenosides suppress tumor cell growth, induce cell differentiation, regulate apoptosis and inhibit metastasis formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate its chemo‐preventive effects in an animal test model, through its regulatory effects on apoptosis and the cell cycle. The expression of genes (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐x and Cyclin D1) which affect apoptosis were examined, in different organs of animals which had consumed a ginseng‐containing diet in the presence of a known carcinogen (DMBA). The pattern of gene expression was determined by Q‐RT‐PCR. The increase of antiapoptotic gene expression after carcinogenic exposure was suppressed by consumption of ginseng which promoted apoptosis. The population is exposed to numerous physical and chemical insults in the modern environment and these include compounds which are known carcinogens. Research has shown that it is possible to interfere with the multi‐step process of carcinogenesis through the use of compounds with chemo‐preventive effects, such as the inhibition of the activation of antiapoptotic genes. These results support the efficacy of ginseng‐containing diets and dietary supplements in the prevention of cancerous diseases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fenugreek affects the activity of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon

The effect of fenugreek seeds on the activities of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats was studied. Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, for 15 weeks. Fenugreek seed powder was weighed depending upon the weight of individual rats and incorporated in the powdered pellet diet at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. After an experimental period of 30 weeks the activity of beta-glucuronidase significantly increased in the colon, intestine, liver and colon contents in DMH administered rats when compared to an untreated control group. Increase in beta-glucuronidase may increase the hydrolysis of carcinogen-glucuronide conjugate, liberating carcinogen and/or co-carcinogen within the colonic lumen. Inclusion of fenugreek seed powder in the diet significantly decreased the activity of beta-glucuronidase in all the tissues studied. This may prevent the free carcinogens from acting on colonocytes. Mucinase helps in hydrolysing the protective mucin. Mucinase activity was increased in the colon content and fecal content of animals given DMH when compared to control, while the activity was significantly reduced in animals given DMH + fenugreek when compared to animals given DMH only. Our study shows that supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet inhibits colon carcinogenesis, by modulating the activities of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase. The beneficial effect may be attributed to the presence of fibre, flavonoids and/or saponins.     

玛咖多糖对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠免疫器官的保护作用

目的:研究玛咖多糖对D-半乳糖(D-gal)所致亚急性衰老小鼠免疫器官氧化损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法:50只ICR小鼠随机分为5组,分别为正常组,D-gal模型组,玛咖多糖低、中、高剂量组。每日ihD-半乳糖500 mg·kg~(-1)造模,玛咖多糖给药组另ig玛咖多糖溶液(75,150,300 mg·kg~(-1)),连续造模给药56 d测定小鼠血清或肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),单胺氧化酶(MAO)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,透射电镜下观察玛咖多糖对D-gal损伤小鼠胸腺组织影响,并用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(q PCR)检测脾脏组织p53,SOD2,CAT在mRNA水平表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,模型组细胞出现脾窦扩张,核周间隙大,染色质边集,部分细胞出现凋亡,模型组小鼠血清SOD,CAT活性明显降低,MDA含量明显升高,小鼠肝脏中SOD,GSH-Px活性明显降低,MAO活性及MDA含量明显升高,小鼠脾脏组织p53 mRNA明显升高,SOD2,CAT mRNA明显降低(P0.05,P0.01);与模型组比较,玛咖多糖中、高剂量组胸腺组织中淋巴细胞分布较为均匀,核周分界清晰,胞浆内无空泡,玛咖多糖给药组能明显提高小鼠血清SOD,CAT活性,明显降低MDA含量,明显升高SOD,GSH-Px活性,降低MAO活性及MDA含量,玛咖多糖高剂量组明显下调小鼠脾脏p53mRNA水平,中、高剂量组明显升高CAT mRNA水平,高剂量组明显升高SOD2 mRNA水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:玛咖多糖对致衰老模型小鼠免疫器官有保护作用,可能机制是提高抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化酶在基因水平的表达,降低老化相关酶活性。     

基于RNA-seq技术的活血化瘀法治疗乳腺癌关键基因的筛选和验证

目的:研究活血化瘀治法(the medicine group of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis,PBCRS)对7,12-二甲基苯蒽[7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene,DMBA]诱发性大鼠乳腺癌的抑制作用,及运用转录组测序技术(RNA sequencing,RNA-seq)和信号网络分析(ingenuity pathway analysis,IPA)软件筛选关键基因和验证。方法:将96只SD大鼠随机分为空白组,DMBA模型组,枸橼酸他莫昔芬(Tamoxifen,TAM)组(1.9 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1),PBCRS高、中、低剂量组(12.96,6.48,3.24 g·kg~(-1)·d-1)。药物干预1周后,除空白组外,采用DMBA诱导大鼠乳腺癌模型(灌服2次,间隔1周,剂量100 mg·kg~(-1))。给药10周后,观察大鼠荷瘤重、荷瘤体积变化,用总RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA,从DMBA模型组和PBCRS中剂量组各取3个RNA样品进行基因检测,筛选出关键差异基因,用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)验证关键基因。结果:与DMBA模型组比较,PBCRS中剂量组荷瘤重和荷瘤体积均明显降低(P0.05),PBCRS高、低剂量组荷瘤重和荷瘤体积虽有降低,但与DMBA模型组比较差异均无统计学意义;基于RNA-seq技术及IPA分析软件筛选出果糖1,6二磷酸酶1 (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase1,FBP1),浦肯野细胞蛋白4(purkinje cell protein 4,PCP4),肌红蛋白(myoglobin,MB) 3个关键基因;与DMBA模型组比较,PBCRS高、中剂量组FBP1 mRNA表达均明显升高(P0.05),PBCRS低剂量组FBP1 mRNA表达升高,但差异无统计学意义,PBCRS高、中、低剂量组PCP4 mRNA的表达增高,但无统计学差异,PBCRS低剂量组MB mRNA的表达虽降低,差异无统计学意义。结论:PBCRS可能通过干预乳腺癌组织中FBP1的表达,抑制乳腺癌的发生。     

Effect of fenugreek seeds on intravenous glucose disposition in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients

The hypoglycaemic activity of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) in experimental animals and humans has been well documented. Fenugreek has been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. However, it is not clear whether the improvement in glucose tolerance is due to the effect of fenugreek on the absorption or metabolism of glucose. A metabolic study was carried out, and diets with or without 25 g fenugreek were given randomly to 10 non-insulin dependent diabetics, each for 15 days, in a crossover design. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) at the end of each study period indicated that fenugreek in the diet significantly reduced the area under the plasma glucose curve (AUC), half-life, and increased the metabolic clearance rate. In addition, it increased erythrocyte insulin receptors. These results suggest that fenugreek can improve peripheral glucose utilization which contributes to an improvement in glucose tolerance. Thus, fenugreek may exert its hypoglycaemic effect by acting at the insulin receptor as well as at the gastrointestinal level.     

参附益心方对缺氧条件下大鼠原代心肌细胞线粒体DNA相关基因表达的影响＊

目的 研究参附益心方（SF）对缺氧条件下大鼠原代心肌细胞线粒体DNA相关基因表达的影响。方法 取1~3 d SD新生大鼠，分离、培养、鉴定原代心肌细胞。CCK-8检测SF、辅酶Q10（Coenzyme Q10）最适浓度。实验分为Normal（正常）组、Model（缺氧）组、SFL（参附益心方低剂量）组、SFH（参附益心方高剂量）组、Coenzyme Q10组，后三组在缺氧模型基础上分别给予SF 0.25 mg/ml、SF 0.5 mg/ml、Coenzyme Q10 10 1 × 10^-4 mol/L对细胞进行干预，收集细胞并用相关试剂盒检测ATP含量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量，RT-PCR检测ND-1、ND-2、COX、tfam基因的表达。结果 与Normal组相比，Model组心肌细胞ATP含量显著下降，LDH含量显著升高，ND-1、ND-2、COX、tfam基因表达显著降低，差异具有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。与Model相比，SFL组LDH含量下降，ND-2、COX基因表达升高，差异具有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)；SFH组ATP含量升高，LDH含量下降，ND-1、ND-2、COX基因表达升高，差异具有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论 参附益心方可上调原代心肌细胞线粒体DNA相关基因COX、ND1、ND2的表达，提高心肌ATP的含量，降低LDH含量，并呈剂量依赖性。     

三七皂苷Rg1对失血性休克大鼠肠上皮细胞线粒体损伤保护作用的研究

 目的观察大鼠失血性休克后肠上皮细胞线粒体编码基因细胞色素氧化酶(COXⅠ，COXⅡ，COXⅢ)mRNA的表达变化，并探讨三七皂苷Rg1(Rg₁)对其保护作用的分子机制，为休克的防治提供实验依据。方法采用失血性休克模型，分离肠上皮细胞后进行RNA的提取，应用RT-PCR检测大鼠失血性休克后及用Rg₁治疗后COXⅠ，COXⅡ，COXⅢ mRNA的表达变化情况。结果大鼠失血性休克1h，COXⅠ，COXⅡ基因表达开始增强，2h表达最强，以后随着休克时间延长，表达又逐渐减弱，失血性休克晚期5 h表达显著低于正常对照鼠(P＜0.01)；Rg1(5 mg·kg^-1)治疗后，可使COXⅠ，COXⅡ mRNA表达显著增强(P＜0.01)。结论失血性休克可引起大鼠肠上皮细胞线粒体编码基因COXⅠ，COXⅡ mRNA的明显改变，Rg1可提高其表达,对失血性休克肠上皮细胞线粒体损伤有明显的保护作用。     

参苓白术散对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠IL-13,IL-23及COX-2,CREB表达的影响

目的:观察参苓白术散对脾虚湿困型溃疡型结肠炎大鼠结肠组织白细胞介素(IL)-13,IL-23及环氧合酶-2(COX-2),c AMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)表达的影响,探究其对溃疡性结肠炎作用机制。方法:将48只SPF级Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,分别是空白组、模型组、参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组和美沙拉秦组,每组8只,雌雄各半。除空白组,其余各组采用病证结合法复制脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,即饮食、环境干预等措施联合2,4-二硝基苯磺酸灌肠。造模成功后,参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组分别按照24,12,6 g·kg-1·d-1,美沙拉秦组0.2 g·kg-1·d-1进行灌胃。连续灌胃21 d后采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测大鼠结肠组织IL-13,IL-23含量;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(Real-time PCR)检测结肠组织IL-13,IL-23,COX-2,CREB mRNA表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠组织COX-2,CREB蛋白表达量。结果:与空白组比较,模型组大鼠结肠IL-13含量和IL-13 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P0.05),IL-23含量和IL-23 mRNA升高(P0.05),COX-2,CREB mRNA及蛋白相对表达量升高(P0.05)。与模型组比较,参苓白术散(高、中、低剂量)组大鼠结肠IL-13含量和IL-13 mRNA表达均升高,尤以参苓白术散高剂量组最显著(P0.05),IL-23含量和IL-23 mRNA降低(P0.05),COX-2,CREB mRNA表达及蛋白相对表达量降低(P0.05)。结论:参苓白术散可能调节脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠结肠IL-13,IL-23及COX-2,CREB的表达,减少结肠的炎症反应。     

人参质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白基因PgAATP1的克隆及表达分析

目的克隆人参Panax ginseng中质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白基因(ATP/ADP transporter protein,AATP),为深入研究其在人参中的生物学功能奠定基础。方法利用人参14个组织部位转录组测序的转录组数据库,通过与NCBI下载的其他植物中AATP的m RNA序列进行本地Blast比对,从中筛选出质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白基因。利用PCR技术克隆获得该基因的全长,通过生物信息学软件分析该基因编码蛋白的信息。利用人参14个组织部位的转录组数据库分析该基因在人参不同组织中的表达模式,并利用实时荧光定量PCR检测茉莉酸甲酯处理条件下该基因的表达模式。结果获得人参AATP1基因全长c DNA,命名为Pg AATP1,该基因长度为1 866 bp,编码621个氨基酸,蛋白质相对分子质量为67 897.23,等电点为9.58。该蛋白与其他物种中的质体ATP/ADP转运蛋白比较类似,分析发现Pg AATP1在人参中所有组织中表达量均比较高,在果肉和叶片中表达量最高。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现Pg AATP1基因在茉莉酸甲酯处理条件下表达持续上调。结论获得Pg AATP1基因全长cDNA序列,该基因在淀粉合成旺盛的组织中表达量较高,且响应茉莉酸甲酯处理。     

巴戟天实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的选择

目的选择合适的内参基因,用于巴戟天不同组织和不同处理的叶中目标基因表达量的分析检测。方法以巴戟天不同组织和不同处理的叶为材料,根据巴戟天转录组数据,选择甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP)、微管蛋白α(tubulinalpha,TUA)和肌动蛋白(Actin)基因等10个内参基因作为候选基因。利用实时荧光定量技术,并结合geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper等软件分析内参基因的表达稳定性,从而筛选出巴戟天不同组织和不同处理叶中表达稳定的内参基因。选择合适的内参基因对巴戟天的1-脱氧木酮糖-5磷酸合成酶(DXS)和1-脱氧-D-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶(DXR)基因在不同组织和不同处理的叶中相对表达量进行分析。结果内参基因GAPDH和泛素(UBQ)在巴戟天不同组织中表达最稳定,GAPDH+UBQ的双内参组合能够更加准确地分析目的基因在巴戟天不同组织的相对表达量,而在不同处理的叶中GAPDH和Actin表达稳定性最好,选择GAPDH+Actin的双内参组合可以确保目的基因相对分析表达结果的可靠性。在巴戟天不同组织中,DXS目的基因的相对表达量为根<茎<叶,DXR的相对表达量为茎<根<叶。在巴戟天不同处理的叶中,DXS和DXR基因的相对表达量相对于未处理的叶(CK)都有所提高。结论筛选得到的稳定内参基因为后续巴戟天相关基因表达研究奠定基础,使用2个稳定内参的组合对目的基因进行均一化处理有利于提高目的基因表达分析的准确性。     

栽培远志qRT-PCR内参基因筛选与P450s基因的时空表达分析

目的 筛选适用于不同生长年限和不同部位的栽培远志实时荧光定量PCR分析（quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR）的稳定内参基因,为远志体内各个基因表达分析提供合适内参基因。并对4个细胞色素P450单加氧酶（cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,P450s）基因在上述远志样品中的差异表达进行分析,明确4个P450s基因在栽培远志中的时空表达分布。方法 通过qRT-PCR获取Tubulin 1、Tubulin 2、Elongation 1、Elongation 2、Actin 1、Actin 2、GAPDH和cdc-42 8个候选内参基因在上述远志样品中的熔解曲线与C_t值;利用软件geNorm和NormFinder对候选内参基因的表达稳定性进行评价;通过qRT-PCR分析4个P450s基因CYP709B2、CYP71AP39、CYP88A85、CYP714E38在上述远志样品中的相对表达情况。结果 geNorm分析结果表明,在远志（1~3年生）根、茎、叶、花中稳定表达的为Tubulin 2与Elongation 1;NormFinder结果显示,Elongation 1是最稳定的内参。CYP709B2、CYP71AP39基因在远志茎、叶（1~3年生）中的mRNA表达量最高,在根与花中的表达量则较少。而CYP88A85、CYP714E38基因则在远志根（1~3年生）中的mRNA表达水平较高。结论 Elongation 1适合作为栽培远志体内基因表达分析的内参基因。栽培远志中的P450s基因在远志根、茎、叶、花中的表达趋势不一致。     

Effects of fenugreek seeds and its extracts on plasma lipid profile: a study on rabbits

In this study the effect of varying levels of fenugreek were examined on the plasma lipids of animals pretreated with either a control diet or a high-fat diet for 9 weeks. Although the plasma cholesterol was significantly reduced in both groups, triglyceride levels were only reduced in animals pretreated with the high-fat diet. HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly altered in and case. In addition, the effect of fenugreek seed powder and some of its extracts were investigated for the determination of the active fraction. Fenugreek seed powder and its extracts at 30% of the animals' diet were observed to greatly affect the plasma lipids when added to animals pretreated with a high-fat. Fenugreek and its extracts reduced the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol with no effect on the HDL-cholesterol. This selective reduction in LDL-cholesterol results in the improvement of the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol which is beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In addition, the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol was reduced. This hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek was associated with the defatted fraction of the seed powder, and among the extracts analysed, the crude saponin extract was the most effective fraction with respect to the fenugreek seeds. The improvement of the plasma lipid profile by fenugreek treatment further supports the use of fenugreek seeds as a hypolipidaemic agent in the improvement of lipid disorders. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

香砂六君子汤对脾虚高脂血症大鼠dyHDL的影响

目的:观察脾虚高脂血症大鼠失功能高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(dyHDL)变化及香砂六君子汤的干预作用,从HDL"质"的变化,揭示香砂六君子汤对脾虚高脂血症大鼠dy HDL的影响及机制。方法:75只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组,高脂组,脾虚高脂组,香砂六君子低、高剂量组(5. 67,11. 34 g·kg-1),脾虚高脂组,香砂六君子低、高剂量组采用饮食不节加力竭游泳的复合方法造模15 d后,正常组喂饲基础饲料,高脂组,脾虚高脂组,香砂六君子、高剂量组喂饲高脂饲料。12周后,香砂六君子低、高剂量组给予相对剂量药物,正常组、高脂组、脾虚高脂组给予相应体积生理盐水。4周后,全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,间苯三酚法检测大鼠D-木糖排泄率,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察肝脏细胞形态变化,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血浆对氧磷酶1(PON1),载脂蛋白A1(apo A1),血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)含量,实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)检测大鼠肝脏PON1,apo A1,SAA mRNA表达水平。结果:与正常组比较,高脂组及脾虚高脂组大鼠血清TC,TG,LDL-C水平明显升高(P 0. 05),HDL-C水平明显降低(P 0. 05),高脂组及脾虚高脂组大鼠血浆PON1,apo A1含量明显降低(P 0. 05),SAA含量明显升高(P 0. 05),肝脏组织SAA mRNA显著升高(P 0. 01),PON1,apo A1 mRNA表达显著降低(P 0. 01),高脂组及脾虚高脂组大鼠肝细胞肿大变圆、可见散在的脂肪空泡,且脾虚高脂组大鼠尿D-木糖排泄率明显降低(P 0. 05)。与高脂组及脾虚高脂组比较,香砂六君子汤低、高剂量组血清TC,LDL-C水平明显降低(P 0. 05); HDL-C水平明显升高(P 0. 05),血浆PON1,apo A1含量明显升高(P 0. 05),SAA含量明显降低(P 0. 05),肝脏组织SAA mRNA明显降低(P 0. 05),apo A1 mRNA表达明显升高(P 0. 05),肝脏细胞肿胀明显减轻、脂肪泡沫化减少。与高脂组相比,脾虚高脂组大鼠血浆中PON1,SAA含量明显降低(P 0. 05),肝细胞肿胀明显、泡沫化加重。结论:脾虚状态下高脂血症大鼠脂质紊乱加重,香砂六君子汤干预后紊乱得以纠正,其作用机制可能与调控dy HDL相关mRNA及蛋白表达有关。     

Effect of fenugreek consumption on serum lipid profile: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Various studies have shown that Trigonella foenum‐graecum (fenugreek) supplementation has lipid‐lowering activity. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of fenugreek supplementation on human serum lipid profile. Data sources were PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Coherence library which were searched systematically from January 2000 up to December 2019. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trial (RCT) study design, at least one of lipid profile components (triglyceride [TG], total cholesterol [TC], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels measured before fenugreek use and one of the lipid components level reported as result. The pooled weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and pooled using a random‐effect model. Only articles published in English were considered. Fifteen RCTs involving 281 cases consumed fenugreek and 255 control cases in controlled group (11 articles) and 136 cases in uncontrolled group (4 articles) were analyzed in our study. Pooled data of indicated a significant impact of fenugreek supplementation on lowering TC (?1.13 [?1.88, ?0.37]; p = .003), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (?1.26 [?2.09, ?0.43]; p = .003), and TG (?1.07 [?1.82, ?0.33]; p = 0.005) and increasing the high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level (0.70 [0.07, 1.34]; p = .03) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in TC, TG, and LDL between pre‐ and post‐fenugreek studies in the noncontrolled studies however, the result of combination of four studies without control group showed a significant increase in mean HDL (0.81 [0.33,1.29]; p‐value = .001). The results of subgroup analysis showed that the fenugreek reduced the TG and LDL and increases HDL levels in diabetic subjects more effectively. Fenugreek supplementation significantly improved lipid profile (LDL, TG, TC, and HDL). It could be considered as an effective lipid‐lowering medicinal plant. Further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant.     

女贞子对正常大鼠肝脏COX活性的影响及其DNA甲基化调节机制的初步研究

探讨女贞子对大鼠肝脏细胞色素c氧化酶(cytochrome c oxidase,COX)活性的影响及可能的DNA甲基化机制。实验采用女贞子的水提物按2.0 g·kg~(-1)和6.0 g·kg~(-1)灌胃大鼠30 d,处死大鼠后,取肝脏测定COX活性、COX的亚基之一COX4I1蛋白浓度、测定Cox4i1,Dnmt3a,Tet1基因mRNA表达水平、TET1和DNMT3A的蛋白水平以及检测Cox4i1DNA甲基化频率。结果显示女贞子低剂量和高剂量能显著性升高COX的活性和COX4I1的浓度(P0.05);有降低TET1蛋白和DNMT3A的蛋白表达量的趋势;但未显著改变Cox4i1,Dnmt3a,Tet1基因mRNA表达。与空白对照组相比,女贞子高剂量组甲基化频率有降低的趋势但未达到显著水平。该研究表明:女贞子对大鼠肝脏的COX酶活性有促进作用,其可能通过促进COX4I1的蛋白量增加实现;女贞子对DNMT3A的蛋白表达有降低趋势,其可能是Cox4i1DNA甲基化频率有降低趋势的原因。女贞子对于DNMT3A和TET1的蛋白表达可能有同向调节作用,具体机制仍不明确。     

参苓白术散合麦门冬汤对染矽尘肺纤维化（肺脾两虚型）大鼠肺组织细胞HMGB1、PDGF的影响＊

目的 本研究遴选中医培土生金法的代表方参苓白术散合麦门冬汤加减方灌胃治疗染矽尘肺纤维化（肺脾两虚型）大鼠，观察中药治疗各组对染矽尘大鼠肺组织HMGB1、IL-6、PDGF、K-Ras蛋白含量，基因表达水平作用的影响改变。方法 对健康SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和造模组。造模组分别给予大黄煎液灌服造模法与二氧化硅（SiO₂）气管滴注诱导染矽尘肺纤维化造模法结合，制造染矽尘肺纤维化（肺脾两虚型）模型，待造模成功后，造模组随机分为5组，分别给予生理盐水、激素、中药高剂量、中药中剂量和中药低剂量进行治疗。各组动物于造模成功后30 d处死。ELISA检测各组肺组织高迁移率族蛋白1（HMGB1）、白介素6（IL-6）、血小板衍生因子（PDGF）、K-RAS蛋白含量并提取各组肺组织RNA,采用反转录合成cDNA，通过RT-PCR技术扩增HMGB1、IL-6、PDGF、K-RAS基因。结果 中药各组肺组织HMGB1、IL-6、PDGF、K-Ras蛋白含量，基因表达水平明显低于染矽尘组（P < 0.05），但中药各组肺组织HMGB1、IL-6、PDGF、K-Ras蛋白含量，基因表达水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。结论 中药各组能显著降低肺组织HMGB1、IL-6、PDGF、K-Ras蛋白含量和基因表达，HMGB1与PDGF间存在正相关关系。