时间观疗法在精神障碍患者心理康复中的应用研究进展

综述了时间观疗法的概念、内容、评估工具、实施策略及对精神障碍患者的心理康复作用。通过阐述近年来时间观疗法在精神障碍患者中的应用研究现况,分析该疗法对精神障碍患者心理康复的应用价值,为制订国内精神障碍患者的干预方案提供依据。     

Art therapy with family caregivers of patients with cancer

Walsh et al.'s (2004) study supported art therapy to reduce stress, decrease anxiety, and increase positive emotions. The results of this study can be used to support the group's utilization project to promote and educate nurses about the importance of creative arts programs with patients and family members and ways to help establish a creative arts program. One suggestion for future research would be to determine whether the severity of the illness of the patient plays a role in the effectiveness of the art therapy intervention. One feasibility issue for implementing art therapy in hospitals would be the cost of the materials, such as paper, watercolors, markers, and fabrics.     

行为疗法对精神病患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨行为疗法对精神病患者生活质量的影响。方法把100例住院精神病患者随机分成观察组（50例）和对照组（50例），观察组行为训练6个月后，应用护士用住院患者观察量表（NOSIE）进行评定。结果观察组行为训练后，NOSIE总分和积极因子总分较训练前高，消极因子的总分下降，前后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论行为疗法能促进精神病患者的康复，提高生活质量。     

三阶段心理抚慰在乳腺癌患者围治疗期的应用

目的了解乳腺癌患者围治疗期情绪状态,探讨有效可循的心理干预模式。方法将符合入组条件的64例患者采用数字法分成观察组与对照组各32例,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施自行设计的三阶段心理抚慰,分别在术后3d、14d及完成6疗程化疗时进行抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表评分,观察两组患者的情绪变化。结果两组第1次评分无明显差异,后2次评分有统计学意义。结论三阶段心理抚慰有利于乳腺癌患者围治疗期的情绪稳定。     

语言治疗对失语症患者心理健康状况的影响

目的了解语言治疗对失语症患者心理健康状况的影响。方法采用中国康复研究中心编制的失语症检查 (CR RCAE)和精神卫生自评量表 (SCL 90 )对 2 8例失语症患者进行评定 ,并进行语言治疗 ,比较治疗前后语言及心理状况。结果失语症患者通过语言治疗后 ,听理解、复述、命名、音读、阅读理解、书写、计算得分与治疗前相比较明显增高 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。SCL 90各因子分与治疗前相比较明显降低 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 1)。结论语言治疗不但有效地改善失语症患者语言功能 ,而且能明显减轻精神症状。     

心理疾病的家庭治疗与心理康复

目的探讨心理疾病患者家庭对心理疾病的认识及态度,实施家庭治疗与心理康复的关系。方法在常规心理与药物治疗的基础上,研究组施加家庭治疗。从临床、心理及精神卫生症状自评量表(SCL-90)等方面考察施加家庭治疗后的心理康复效果。结果大多数家庭对患者及其所患疾病不够了解。通过家庭治疗后研究组在治愈率、平均治愈时间及SCL-90好转程度等方面优于对照组。结论家庭治疗是心理疾病治疗的重要环节,是促进患者心理康复及重返社会,恢复家庭与社会功能的重要方法。     

整形患者异常心理矫治

目的探讨心理矫治对异常心理整形患者身心疾病的康复作用,说明心理矫治在治愈异常心理患者中的必要性.方法根据不同的心理发展过程和心理状态将整形患者分3类,对每一类有心理障碍的患者,采取各种不同的方法来进行治疗.用普通心理疗法+整形手术治疗先天畸形患者56例;采用疏通心理+手术治疗后天畸形73例,其中11例精神症性障碍的患者给予适当药物治疗;配合精神科医师系统的治疗了6例要求美容异常心理患者,未施行手术.结果56例先天畸形异常心理患者均对手术效果满意;后天畸形73例异常心理患者除1例以外均对手术效果满意;6例要求美容异常心理患者心理上得到康复治疗结论对异常心理整形患者进行的心理矫治,能达到身心整体康复的作用.     

Exercise therapy improves both mental and physical health in patients with major depression

Abstract

Purpose: to present clinical guidelines for exercise therapy in depressed patients derived from recent meta-analyses. Method: four meta-analyses on effects of physical exercise on mental and physical in depression were analysed. Results: For mild to moderate depression the effect of exercise may be comparable to antidepressant medication and psychotherapy; for severe depression exercise seems to be a valuable complementary therapy to the traditional treatments. Depression is associated with a high incidence of co-morbid somatic illnesses, especially cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Exercise is extremely powerful in preventing and treating these diseases. Physical exercise is an outstanding opportunity for the treatment of patients who have a mix of mental and physical health problems. Exercise therapy also improves body image, patient s coping strategies with stress, quality of life and independence in activities of daily living in older adults. Conclusions: Physical therapists should be aware, that several characteristics of major depression (e.g. loss of interest, motivation and energy, generalised fatigue, a low self-worth and self-confidence, fear to move, and psychosomatic complaints) and physical health problems interfere with participation in exercise. Therefore, motivational strategies should be incorporated in exercise interventions to enhance the patients' motivation and adherence in exercise programs.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• For mild to moderate depression, the effect of exercise may be comparable with antidepressant medication and psychotherapy; for severe depression, exercise seems to be a valuable complementary therapy to the traditional treatments.

• Exercise therapy also improves physical health, body image, patient’s coping strategies with stress, quality of life, and independence in activities of daily living in older adults.

• Motivational strategies should be incorporated in exercise interventions to enhance the patients’ motivation.