静脉应用胺碘酮转复急性发作心房颤动的临床观察

目的 :观察静脉应用胺碘酮转复患者急性发作快室率心房颤动的临床疗效和安全性。方法 :4 4例器质性心脏病急性发作快室率心房颤动患者 ,先静脉注射胺碘酮复荷量 3mg/kg,10～ 15min内注入 ,后以维持量 1 0～ 1 5mg/min静脉泵入 ,如 15～ 30min未转复 ,且室率仍快的患者追加一次胺碘酮 1 5mg/kg,一旦转复窦性心律根据病人情况改用口服胺碘酮或停用。结果 :患者负荷量内均未转复窦性心律 ,当累积量达 2 10～ 4 5 0mg时 38例 (86 36 % )患者转复窦性心律 ;达 5 5 0～ 70 0mg时 6例 (13 6 3% )患者转复窦性心律 ,总有效率 10 0 %。无明显不良反应。结论 :应用小于推荐计量 (5mg/kg)胺碘酮静脉注射并给予持续静脉泵入转复急性发作房颤是安全有效的     

胺碘酮治疗快速心房颤动疗效观察

目的：观察胺碘酮对快速型心房颤动的疗效．方法：应用胺碘酮(5mg／kg)静脉推注治疗快速型心房颤动。结果：转为窦性心律者(85．3％)。结论：胺碘酮静脉推注治疗快速型心房颤动疗效肯定，副作用小。     

胺碘酮与普罗帕酮对于心房颤动转复与维持窦性心律的临床观察

目的 观察应用胺碘酮与普罗帕酮对阵发性快速心房颤动的治疗效果.方法 选择144例阵发性快速心房颤动患者按就诊先后顺序随机分为2组,胺碘酮组(n=74)给予胺碘酮注射液负荷量150 mg静脉注射,10 min注射完毕,观察10 min未恢复窦性心律或心率大于100次/min,以胺碘酮0.5～1 mg/min维持静脉输注,24 h最大累积剂量为1 200 mg.复律成功后给予胺碘酮片口服维持窦性心律.普罗帕酮组(n=70)给予普罗帕酮注射液70 mg静脉注射,5～10 min注射完毕,观察10 min未恢复窦性心律或心率大于100次/min,重复静脉注射70 mg, 最大累积量为210 mg,复律成功后给予普罗帕酮片口服维持窦性心律.观察2组疗效及多普勒超声心动图指标的变化.结果 胺碘酮组复律疗效及维持窦性心律疗效均优于普罗帕酮组(P＜0.05) , 治疗1、3、6、12个月后胺碘酮组左心房直径渐缩小,E峰流速、A峰流速及E/A比值逐渐提高,使E/A倒置得到恢复.结论 胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对阵发性快速心房颤动均有较高的转复率, 胺碘酮复律后窦性心律维持率高于普罗帕酮, 胺碘酮对逆转心房心肌重构安全有效.     

静脉注射胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭快速心室率心房纤颤的疗效

目的：观察静脉注射胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭快速心室率心房纤颤的有效性和安全性。方法：对46例充血性心力衰竭(CHF)心房纤颤心室率大于100次／min的患者，胺碘酮150mg静脉推注15min，观察10—15min，未转为窦性心律者再次静脉推注150mg，仍未转为窦性心律者则以600mg胺碘酮稀释于500ral生理盐水中静脉滴注24h，转为窦性心律时则停止滴注。结果：24h转为窦性心律者36人(78．2％)，转为窦性心律的时间12min—24h，平均7．8h；转为窦性心律的时间120mg—900mg，平均450mg，无心功能恶化发生。结论：静脉注射胺碘酮治疗充血性心力衰竭快速心室率心房纤颤的疗效确切，也比较安全。     

胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性心房颤动的临床观察

目的：探讨胺碘酮联合电复律转复持续性心房颤动的效果。方法：65例持续性房颤患者电复律前服用负荷量胺碘酮．房颤转复服用小剂量胺碘酮0．2g，每天1次维持。结果：62例患者均转为窦性心律。3例患者转复后窦性心律不能维持．早期有效率为95．4％。结论：胺碘酮联合电复律是治疗持续心房颤动的有效方法。     

急诊应用胺碘酮对冠心病快速心律失常的疗效评价

目的观察急诊应用胺碘酮治疗冠心病合并快速心律失常的临床疗效和安全性。方法126例冠心病合并快速心律失常患者,首剂静注负荷量胺碘酮150mg,10min内注入,继之以1．0mg／min维持静滴,静脉滴注6h,以后根据病情逐渐减量至0．5mg／min,若心律控制不满意,可间隔15～30min后,再给150mg的追加负荷量2～3次,24h总剂量在2000mg以内。结果有效率81．0％,副反应4．8％。结论急诊静脉应用胺碘酮治疗冠心病合并快速心律失常有效且安全。     

静脉用胺碘酮转复阵发性心房颤动52例临床分析

目的探讨胺碘酮静脉用药治疗阵发性快速心房颤动（PAF）的临床效果及安全性。方法将发作时间在48h内的102例心房颤动患者随机分为胺碘酮治疗组52例和毛花苷C治疗组50例。胺碘酮组：给予胺碘酮负荷量150mg静脉注射后,以0．5～1．0mg／min滴速静脉滴注,根据心室率调节胺碘酮剂量。毛花苷C组：给予毛花苷C0．4～0．8mg分次缓慢静脉注射。观察两组用药后12h复律情况及心室率变化。结果胺碘酮组与毛花苷C组的复律有效率分别为78．8％和36．0％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,未转复者心室率在胺碘酮组由（138±15）次／min降至（73±12）次／min（P〈0．01）,毛花苷C组由（136±14）次／min降至（92±12）次／min（P〈0．01）．两组均无严重不良反应发生。结论静脉用胺碘酮治疗PAF安全有效。其转复率显著高于毛花苷C。     

联用胺碘酮复方丹参治疗心房颤动疗效观察

目的观察胺碘酮、复方丹参治疗心房颤动转复为窦性心律的疗效。方法胺碘酮,静注负荷量150mg,10min注入,10～15min后重复1次,以1.0～1.5mg/min静滴6h,继以0.5mg/min持续24h。同时口服胺碘酮片0.2g,3次/d,连用2周,改为0.2g,2次/d,连用2周。维持量0.2g,1次/d。复方丹参20mL加入5%葡萄糖500mL静脉滴注,qd,7d后改为常规量口服。结果转复成功率85%,随访1年未复发率88.2%。结论胺碘酮、复方丹参用于心房颤动转复为窦性心律,防止心房颤动复发疗效肯定。     

胺碘酮在治疗冠状动脉架桥术后围术期新发快速房颤中的应用

目的 研究静脉用胺碘酮治疗CABG术后围术期新发快速房颤的有效性和安全性。方法 218例冠状动脉架桥术后患者（术前均为窦性心律）其中39例发生房颤，占17．89％，均采用胺碘酮经静脉治疗（静推3mg／kg。随后600-1200mg／d静脉持续泵入2～5d）。观察其转复窦性心律的效果及其不良反应。结果 36例患者成功转复为窦性心律，总有效率为92．31％。发生不良反应共4例，占术后房颤患者总人数10．25％。心房纤颤转复为窦性心律前后动脉收缩压、舒张压、Q—T—c间期无统计学差异（P〉0．05），心室率变化有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 静脉应用胺碘酮治疗并发于冠状动脉架桥术后围术期新发快速房颤是有效且较安全的方法。     

胺碘酮转复阵发心房颤动的疗效观察

目的:研究胺碘酮转复阵发心房颤动的疗效。方法:阵发心房颤动患者45例随机分为两组:胺碘酮组25例,给予胺碘酮负荷量150 mg静注后,继以0.6~1.0 mg/min维持点滴,依心室率情况调整胺碘酮剂量。心律平组20例,静脉给予心律平1.4~2.0 mg/kg,5 min内注射,继以0.28 mg/min维持静点,无效者改用胺碘酮治疗。结果:胺碘酮组转复成功率为84.0%(21/25),心律平组转复成功率60.0%(12/20),且心律平组转复心律失败的部分病例使用胺碘酮仍有效;胺碘酮组平均复律时间(103±65)min短于心律平组(160±78)min。结论:胺碘酮在转复阵发心房颤动比心律平更加快速、安全、有效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.