南京地区汉族人群中人类血小板抗原基因多态性及分析

人类血小板抗原(Ｈｕｍａｎｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｎｔｉｇｅｎ,ＨＰＡ)分型对临床上一些因血小板同种免疫反应导致的同种免疫性疾病,如新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ＮＡＩＴＰ),输血后紫癜(ＰＴＰ)及血小板输注无效(ＰＴＲ)等的诊断和治疗有重要意义[13]。长时期来,人们一直沿用传统的血清学方法进行ＨＰＡ分型,但由于难以获得高质量、特异性抗血清等多种因素的制约,ＨＰＡ分型工作始终无法深入下去。随着对ＨＰＡ基因研究的深入,近年来国外陆续报道将基因检测技术用于血小板分型研究中。本文应用聚合酶链序列特异性引物(ＰＣＲＳＳＰ)…     

用PCR-SSP方法对血小板抗原-1基因分型

人类血小板特异性抗原（ｈｕｍａｎｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔａｎｔｉ－ｇｅｎ,ＨＰＡ）的分型对于诊断同种免疫血小板减少性紫癜、输血后紫癜以及血小板输注无效等具有重要意义［１］。已发现的ＨＰＡ至少有１６个,其中血小板特异性抗原系统－１（ＨＰＡ－１）的对偶抗原有ａ、...     

血小板和中性粒细胞同种抗原基因分型的临床应用

血小板和中性粒细胞的同种抗原的免疫反应涉及到几种临床综合征的发病机理,包括新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症(NATP),输血后紫癜(PTP),血小板输血无效,新生儿同种免疫性中性粒细胞减少症(NAN),输血相关性急性肺损伤(TRALI)和慢性婴儿良性自身免疫性中性粒细胞减少症。起初,人们只了解血小板同种抗原的血清学特征,随着研究的深入,发现该抗原定位于特异性血小板表面的糖蛋白结构。而目前已研究到血小板糖蛋白基因的核酸多态性水平。这些进展使得分子生物学方法可     

人类血小板同种抗原HPA-1、HPA-2、HPA-3和HPA-5的实时PCR基因分型优于标准的PCR-SSP方法

诸如血小板输注无效、输血后血小板减少性紫癜以及胎母同种免疫性血小板减少症等患有同种免疫性血小板减少症病人,人类血小板同种抗原(HPA)基因分型对其诊断和治疗是有益的。作者采用基于TaqMan技术的实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)     

140名随机献血者血小板抗原1～5系统基因多态性调查

人类血小板抗原(HPA)的研究在临床和输血实践中有着十分重要意义.血小板上有血小板特异性抗原,血小板抗原不合可导致血小板输注无效(PTR)、输血后紫癜(PTP)以及新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(NAITP)等[1～3].传统的血清学方法受难以获得高质量、高特异性抗血清等多种因素的制约,使HPA分型工作始终无法深入.随着分子生物学技术的进步及对HPA基因研究的深入,国外已将基因检测技术用于血小板分型研究中[4～7].笔者应用聚合酶链-序列特异性引物技术(PCR-SSP)对南京地区140名随机献血者HPA 1～5系统等位基因作了分型,现报告如下.     

人类血小板抗原的命名

人类血小板抗原(HPA)相对应的同种抗体可以引起新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症、输血后紫癜、输入随机捐献者血小板导致的输注无效。国际输血协会血小板工作委员会于1990 年更新了人类血小板抗原命名系统,从那时起,大量的血小板     

南昌地区机采血小板捐献人群中人类血小板抗原基因多态性初步分析

人类血小板抗原(HPA)在临床与输血实践中具有非常重要的意义.HPA不合可致同种免疫反应,导致输血后紫癜、血小板输注无效、新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少性紫癜等[1].我们应用序列特异性引物聚合酶链式反应(PCRSSP)技术,对本中心机采捐献血小板者的血小板抗原(HPA)基因多态性进行了初步分析,现报告如下.     

PCR-SSP对畲族人群的HPA-1～5的基因频率检测

人类血小板同种抗原(human platelet alloantigen,HPA)具有高度多态性.HPA的分型对于诊断同种免疫引起的血小板输注无效、新生儿同种免疫血小板减少性紫癜、输血后紫癜等有重要意义.为了解浙江畲族人群HPA-1～HPA-5的基因频率,笔者采用PCR-SSP方法对部分畲族人群标本进行检测,报告如下.     

人类血小板抗原的命名

人类血小板抗原(HPA)相对应的同种抗体可以引起新生儿同种免疫性血小板减少症、输血后紫癜、输入随机捐献者血小板导致的输注无效。国际输血协会血小板工作委员会于1990年更新了人类血小板抗原命名系统，从那时起，大量的血小板抗原被描述，其中许多抗原的分子结构已确定。到目前，免疫血清学指定了24个血小板同种特异性抗原，     

人类血小板同种抗原研究进展

人类血小板同种抗原（human platelet alloantigens, HPA）是由血小板糖蛋白携带的一类特异性抗原，其基因具有单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。HPA可介导同种抗体的产生，引起同种免疫反应，与输血后血小板减少性紫癜（PTP）、血小板输注无效（PTR），新生儿同种免疫血小板减少性紫癜（NAITP）及移植排斥密切相关。因其在临床输血实践及相关疾病中的重要作用，而备受关注。本文就HPA抗原的命名、血小板糖蛋白多态性、HPA检测方法、血小板同种免疫反应机制以及相关疾病研究进展作一综述。     

齐齐哈尔地区达斡尔族ABO、MN、P、Rh血型分布

达斡尔族是我国55个少数民族之一.达斡尔族是辽国契丹人的后裔,其先民就已定居黑龙江中、上游北岸,现主要居住在内蒙古自治区和黑龙江省,少数居住在新疆.人口12万余.齐齐哈尔地区是达斡尔族的主要聚居地.笔者调查了齐齐哈尔地区达斡尔族ABO、MN、P、Rh血型分布及血型分布的群体遗传特征,现报告如下. 1 材料与方法 1.1 调查对象齐齐哈尔地区达斡尔族人,随机采样,被检3代均系达斡尔族. 1.2 试剂抗-A、-B、-M、-N、-P1、-C、-c-D、-E、-e. 1.3 试验方法按文献[1]进行;计算方法(基因频率,基因组合体频率,吻合度测验)均参照文献[2]进行.     

Meaning, values, needs, and multiculturalism in bereavement

Meaning, Values, Needs, and Multiculturalism in Bereavement A review of Personal Care in an Impersonal World: A Multdimesional Look at Bereavemenl, edited by John D. Morgan. Amityville, NY: Baywood, 1993. 261 pp. ISBN 0-89503-109-4. $31.95. Keviewed by Kevin Ann Oltjenhruns.     

Nutrition, exercise, work, and sex in pregnancy

This article focuses on the effect of daily living on pregnancy outcome. Although most patients can continue their everyday activities without any concern about effect on pregnancy outcome, all pregnant patients want and need their physician's advice about all of these areas.     

Pathophysiology of prenatal drug-exposure: in utero, in the newborn, in childhood, and in agencies

Medical communities are documenting an increase in the numbers of infants being born with prenatal drug exposure. Medical, educational, and social agencies are serving large numbers of these infants, toddlers, and their families. These infants and toddlers constitute a population whose short-term and long-term needs have not been adequately identified or addressed in the health, social, emotional, or developmental domains. This article discusses the pathophysiology in prenatal drug exposure and the role of the nurse when providing services to these infants, toddlers, and their families.     

Association between serum ferritin, hemoglobin, iron intake, and diabetes in adults in Jiangsu, China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between iron status, iron intake, and diabetes among Chinese adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional household survey was carried out in 2002 in Jiangsu Province, China. The sample contained 2,849 men and women aged > or =20 years with a response rate of 89.0%. Iron intake was assessed by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3-day food records. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum ferritin, and hemoglobin were measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 18.3% in men and 31.5% in women. Mean hemoglobin and serum ferritin increased across groups with increasing FPG. The prevalence of anemia among women was 15.0% in individuals with FPG >7.0 mmol/l compared with 32.6% in individuals with FPG <5.6 mmol/l. There was a similar, however not significant, trend among men. In women, after adjusting for known risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 2.15 (95% CI 1.03-4.51) for subjects in the upper quartile of hemoglobin compared with the rest, and the corresponding OR for the upper quartile of serum ferritin was 3.79 (1.72-8.36). Iron intake was positively associated with diabetes in women; fourth quartile intake of iron yielded an OR of 5.53 (1.47-20.44) compared with the first quartile in the multivariate analyses. In men, similar trends were suggested, although they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Iron status and iron intake was independently associated with risk of diabetes in Chinese women but not in men.     

Brotizolam, a triazolothienodiazepine, in insomnia

Sixty-three outpatients with chronic insomnia were treated for 3 weeks under double-blind conditions with either brotizolam (n = 29) at a dose of 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg or placebo (n = 34). A 3-day placebo period preceded and followed the double-blind treatment phase. Brotizolam consistently produced significantly more sleep improvement than placebo but also more adverse effects. In those patients switched abruptly from brotizolam to placebo, rebound insomnia was observed, being most marked at the first post-brotizolam placebo night.     

Peak expiratory flow in healthy,young, non-active subjects in seated,supine, and prone postures

Objective: To compare the PEFs in healthy, young, non-active subjects in seated, supine, and prone postures. Methods: A total of 30 healthy volunteers (15 male, mean age 22.7 years, non-smokers, sedentary) underwent a physical examination, spirometry to confirm normal pulmonary function, and PEF using the Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter while wearing a nose clip. PEF measurements were repeated three times in each of three positions (seated, prone, and supine) in random order and differed by less than 20 L/min for a given position. Paired Student’s t-tests were used to analyze the results, and the significance level was set at 5%. Results: The PEF values obtained when the study participants were in a seated position (481.0 ± 115.1 L/min) were higher than those obtained when participants were in prone (453.7 ± 112.1 L/min) or supine (453.2 ± 114.3 L/min) positions (p < 0.05). No significant difference in PEF values was observed between the prone and supine positions. Conclusion: Body posture affects PEF in healthy, young, non-active subjects. PEFs are higher when subjects are in a seated position compared to prone or supine positions, but no difference in PEF is observed between the prone and supine positions.