针刺徐疾补泻法对中风患者下肢血流量的影响

针刺徐疾补泻法源于《内经》。《灵枢·九针十二原》说:“大要曰:徐而疾则实,疾而徐则虚”。意即,“徐而疾”的手法会使正气实(补法);“疾而徐”的手法会使邪气虚(泻法)。至于“徐而疾”与“疾而徐”是一种什么手法在《内经》里就有两种解释。一是《灵枢·小针解》的解释:“徐而疾则实者,言徐内而疾出也,疾而徐则虚者,言疾内而徐出也”。对此后世不少医家理解为,缓慢进针、快速出针为补,快速进针、缓慢出针     

辨证留针的临床应用--针刺治疗风寒湿痹1186例疗效观察

中医疗病诊疾,重在辨证论治。针灸治病,则须遵循“盛则泻之,虚则补之,热则疾之,寒则留之,陷下则灸之,不盛不虚,以经取之”(《灵枢·经脉篇》)的基本准则。一般来说,针刺治疗各种热性疾病,如发热、关节红肿疼痛、痈疡疔肿等病证,宜采用快速浅刺法;而对于寒性疾患,如风寒湿痹、虚寒性腹痛、风寒头痛、肢体清冷等病证,则宜采用深刺留针法。此即《灵枢·九针十二原篇》所谓的“刺诸热者,如以手探汤;刺寒清者,如人不欲行”之意。本文通过针刺治疗1186例风寒湿痹病人的临床疗效观察,证明辨证留针是颇有其临床实用价值的,现报道如下。 1 临床资料 …     

浅谈虚实在针灸施治中的应用

<正> 补虚泻实,自古以来就是针灸施治始终不易的根本大法。《内经》早就确立:“凡用针者,虚则实之,满则泄之,宛陈则除之,邪胜则虚之”,(《灵枢·九针十二原》),“盛则泻之,虚则补之,热则疾之,寒则留之,陷下则灸之,不盛不虚,以经取之”(《灵枢·经脉》)等施治原则,明确指出虚实在辨证施治上的重要性。经过古今医家两千多年来的反复实践检验,虚实既是机体病变反应的两种不同状态,又是鉴别疾病与机体邪正盛衰的两个基本要素和决定针灸补泄的前提。现就虚实在施治方面的应     

针刺反应的种族差异

关于针刺耐受性的个体差异,古人早有发现,如《灵枢·逆顺肥瘦》篇:“刺壮士者,骨坚肉缓,节监监然,此人重则气涩血浊,刺此者,深而留之,多益其数”。“瘦人者皮薄色少,肉廉廉然,…刺此者,浅而疾之。”这是古人根据患者不同的针刺耐受性而施以不同于刺激强度与不同的刺激量。实际上古人已明确指出针刺耐受性的个体差异。关于这一方面的种族差异,则未见记载。笔者于1986～1988年参加中国赴南也门医疗队工作,在此期间为当地病人针刺治疗万余人次(其中除该国患者外,尚有西德、苏联、英国、法国、捷克、保加利亚等欧洲     

针刺祛淤活血

针灸有关祛淤活血法的运用,是根据《灵枢·九针十二原篇》说:“宛陈则除之”。《素问·针解篇》说:“宛陈则除之者,出其血也”的治疗法则。宛即积也,陈即久也,言络脉之中血积而久者,应该放出恶血。《素问·三部九候论》说:“孙络病者,治其孙络血……,上实下虚,切而从之,索其结络脉,刺出其血,以见通之”。     

手法补泻在临床中的应用

《灵枢·经脉》提出的“实则泻之,虚则补之,热则疾之,寒则留之”的治疗原则。补泻是其中最基本的原则,手法亦具有补虚泻实的作用,有文献报导“推上为热,推下为凉”及由里向外推叫     

略论留针术在《内经》中的记述

留针术,出于《内经》。在《灵枢》的81篇中竟有29篇论及留针问题。留针,即进针后将针留置于穴内一段时间后出针;留针过程可行针,可间歇行针,也可不行针。留针的意义在于候气,或调气。最终目的是维持阴阳平衡,使虚者实而实者虚;或补益扶正,培补阳气,以利驱邪;或协助补泻,祛邪扶正。“静以久留,以气至为故,如待贵宾,不知日暮”(《素问》):“热则疾之,寒则留之”(《灵枢》):“刺实须其虚者留针,阴气隆至乃去针也”(《灵枢》):“久瘤者邪气入深,刺此病者深而     

古典医籍通借字字典(三)

<正> 接(通捷(jié)。速;敏捷。《荀子·大略》:“先事虑事谓之接”。杨倞注:“接读为捷”。〔例〕《太素·知官能》:“接疾辞者,可使传论而语馀人”。(《灵枢·官能》作“捷”。)兑通锐(ruì)。锐利;尖锐。《荀子·议兵》:“兑则若莫邪之利锋,当之则溃。《史记·天官书》:“下大,上兑”。〔例〕《难经·十五难》:“脉来上大下兑,濡滑如雀之喙曰平”。     

浅谈针刺手法

<正> 针刺手法是针刺治疗中一个重要环节,早为历代医家所重视。然而自古以来经过长期的演变,形成多种不同的手法流派,其中有些是结合了自然哲学观念演释而成,有些是个别独创,巧立名目。笔者通过学习古典著作及有关文献,就针刺手法,略陈管见,谬误之处,诚望赐教。一、进针前手法进针前的手法,早在《内经》中就有“扪、切、推、弹、抓”。的记载,如《灵枢·外揣篇》云:“日月之明,不失其影,以昭昭之明不可蔽,其不可蔽者,不失阴阳也。合而察之,切而验之,见而得之。”《灵枢·邪气脏腑病形篇》云:“刺涩者,必中其脉,随其逆顺而久留之,先按而循之……”《灵枢·刺节真邪篇》云:“用针者,必先察其经络之虚实,切而循之,按而弹之,视其应动者,乃后取之而下之。”《素问·离合真邪论篇》云:“必先扪而循之,切而散之,推而按之,弹而怒之,抓而下之……”     

从“巅”、“癫”、“颠”等字的使用看《内经》对脑功能的认识

《内经》中使用“巅”字25次,其中直接表示头顶部的10次.如:“膀胱足太阳之脉,起于目内眦,上额交巅;其支者,从巅至耳上角;其直者,从巅入络脑…….”“肝足厥阴之脉……连目系,上出额,与督脉会于巅”;(《灵枢·经脉》)另以“巅”字组成病名“巅疾”15次,如“二阴二阳皆交至,病在肾,骂詈妄行,巅疾如狂.”(《素问·阴阳类论》)“所谓甚则狂巅疾者,阳尽在上,而阴     

The thermographic observation of the relationship between the retention of acupuncture needles and the effect of nose temperatures

This is an observation of the relationship between the retention of acupuncture needles and its effect on nose temperature in seventy-four patients with facial nerve paralysis. The patients were divided into five groups according to the period of retention of needles: no retention, retention for ten, twenty, thirty and fourty minutes. Every group consisted twenty cases. The results showed that (a) the nose temperature lowered after acupuncture immediately; (b) then it rose and reached to the maximum at twenty minutes after acupuncture, then lowered again; (c) for the group of no retention and retention for ten and twenty minutes, the temperature rose again during thirty to fourty minutes after acupuncture, for the group of retention for thirty or fourty minutes, however, without these phenomena; (d) the general tendency was that the change of temperature was bigger but lasting for shorter period in the groups of retention for longer time than that in the groups of retention for shorter time. These results verified that some theories in ancient books about the retention of acupuncture needles are scientific.     

基于正交设计针刺治疗中风后肩手综合征优化方案研究

目的筛选针刺治疗中风后肩手综合征(SHS)的临床优化方案。 方法收集2015年1月至2016年6月上海浦东新区中医医院、上海中医药大学附属龙华医院针灸科或康复科住院及门诊就诊的中风后SHS受试者90例,采用随机数字表法随机分为9组,每组10例。按正交设计方案设立SHS治疗的4个因素穴位配伍(A)、留针时间(B)、频次(C)、疗程(D)及3个常见水平。选取有代表性的9种治疗方案：(1)头皮针配阳经穴,留针10 min,隔日1次,疗程2周;(2)头皮针配阳经穴,留针20 min,每日1次,疗程4周;(3)头皮针配阳经穴,留针30 min,每日2次,疗程8周;(4)头皮针配阴经穴,留针10 min,每日1次,疗程8周;(5)头皮针配阴经穴,留针20 min,每日2次,疗程2周;(6)头皮针配阴经穴,留针30 min,治疗隔日1次,疗程4周;(7)头皮针配阴、阳经穴,留针10 min,每日2次,疗程4周;(8)头皮针配阴、阳经穴,留针20 min,隔日1次,疗程8周;(9)头皮针配阴、阳经穴,留针30 min,每日1次,疗程2周。对9组受试者进行治疗,观察治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Fugl－Meyer上肢运动功能评分、改良的Barthel(BI)指数评分的变化,从而对中风后SHS患者针刺治疗方案进行优选。基线资料采用方差分析及秩和检验进行统计分析,VAS评分、FMA评分、BI评分比较资料采用正交设计极差分析及方差分析进行统计学分析。 结果9组中风后SHS受试者治疗前年龄、病程,VAS评分、FMA评分、BI评分比较差异无统计学意义。对于VAS评分的改善方面,A、C、D为显著因素(F＝7.382、3.742、15.775,P均<0.05),最优方案为头皮针＋阳、阴经穴,隔日1次,留针20 min,疗程8周。对FMA评分的改善方面,A、B、D为极显著因素(F＝5.629、11.006、32.305,P均<0.01),最优方案为头皮针＋阳、阴经穴,隔日1次,留针20 min,疗程4周。对于BI评分的改善方面,B、D为极显著因素(F＝6.269、19.919,P均<0.01),最优方案为头皮针＋阳、阴经穴,隔日1次,留针20 min,疗程4周。根据临床经验可知,治疗时间长则疗效更佳。 结论选取头皮针加阳、阴经穴,留针20 min,隔日1次,治疗8周,为针刺治疗中风后SHS的优选方案,能有效减轻患肢的疼痛程度,改善上肢运动功能,提高日常活动能力。     

EFFECT OF NEEDLING STIMULATION QUANTITY ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ACU-MOXIBUSTION IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL FACIAL PALSY IN THE EARLY STAGE

Objective: To observe the correlation between needling stimulation quantity and the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of early stage of peripheral facial palsy. Methods: Sixty-three peripheral facial palsy patients were randomized into treatment group (n=33) and control group (n=30). In treatment group, Taiyang (EX-PIN 5), Jingrning (BL 1) and Hegu (LI 4) were punctured with gauge-36 acupuncture needles and stimulated with light twirling-reinforcing method (about 200 times/min), the acupuncture needles were retained for 20 min. In addition, moxibustion was also applied to Fengchi (GB 20) and Qianzheng (EX-HN 17) following puncturing them with gauge-30 filiform needles. In control group, conventional twirling-reducing method (about 60 times/min) was applied to Yangbai (GB 14), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sizhukong (TE 23), etc., following puncturing them with gauge-28 filiform needles. Additionally, thermal needle was applied to Fengchi (GB 20),tained for 40 min. Results: Following 10 days‘‘ treatment,Yifeng (TE 17) and Jiache (ST 6), with the needles retained for 40 min,Results:Following 10 days‘‘ treatment,of the 33 and 30 cases in treatment and control groups, 21 (63.0%) and 12 (40.0%) were cured, 7(21.1% ) and 5 (16.7%) had remarkable improvement, 4 (12.1%) and 9 (30.0%) were effective, and 1 (3.0%) and 4 ( 13.3% ) failed in the treatment, with the cure plus markedly effective rates being 84.8% and 56.7% respectively. Statistical analysis shews that in acupuncture treatment of early stage of facial palsy, light stimulation is superior to that of heavy stimulation in the therapeutic effect.     

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON TREATMENT OF STUBBORN HICCUP BY ACUPUNCTURE WITH DIFFERENT NEEDLE RETAINING TIME

Hiccupmayinfluence patients’dailylifeandworktodifferentdegrees.Thelightcasecanrecoverspontaneously ,buttheseriousonere sultingfromvariousacuteandchronicdiseasesmaykeepfordays,months,even years,nomatterdayornight,attackingintermittently .Acupuncturecantreatsuchsymptomeffectively ,butitisstilleasytoreoccurparticularlyinpa tientswithweakconstitution .Weacquiredsatis fiedtherapeuticresultthrough prolongingnee dle retainingin 45casesofstubbornhiccuppa tients.Followingisthereport.1　CLINICALDA…     

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE AORTO—ARTERITIS IN THE RABBIT

Ａｏｒｔｏ ａｒｔｅｒｉｔｉｓｉｓａｎｏｎｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｃａｒｔｅｒｉｔｉｓｉｎ ｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍａｉｎｔｒｕｎｋｓｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅａｒｔｅｒｉｅｓ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓ ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙ ,ｅｔｃ..Ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｏｍｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｕｌｔｉ ｐｌｅａｏｒｔｏ ａｒｔｅｒｔｉｓｗｉｔｈａｃｕｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｊｏｕｒｎａｌｓ .Ｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆａｃｕｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙｆｏｒａｏｒｔｏ ａｒ ｔｅｒｉｔｉｓｃｒｅａｔｅ…     

Comparative Analgesia Between Acupuncture and Dipyrone in Odontalgia

The aim of this study was to assess whether the effectiveness of acupuncture is similar to the use of analgesics in the management of toothache. The research included 56 volunteers who were divided into 4 groups: Real Acupuncture group, Placebo Acupuncture group, Real Dipyrone group, and Placebo Dipyrone group. The interventions of the study were performed before the dental care. Inclusion criteria were toothache of pulpal origin with pain scale (Visual Analogue Scale) above 4, absence of medication for the pain, and aged over 18 years. The Real Acupuncture volunteers received a session of acupuncture using piercing needles, while volunteers from the Placebo Acupuncture group received an acupuncture session using non-piercing sham needles. Volunteers from the Real Dipyrone group received a dipyrone tablet and the Placebo Acupuncture group received a tablet with no active ingredient. Before any therapeutic intervention, we collected samples from the volunteers’ saliva to analyze the salivary cortisol, the volunteers rated the intensity of their pain using VAS, and we measured their energy level by the Ryodoraku method. After 20 minutes of treatment, all the volunteers’ analysis parameters were collected again. The Real Acupuncture group presented a greater reduction of VAS than the reduction obtained by the Real Dipyrone group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the salivary cortisol and energy level variables. It can be concluded that acupuncture was more effective in reducing odontalgia than the dipyrone and that it can be an alternative for odontalgia management.     

OBSERVATION ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CT—AIDED SURROUNDING NEEDLING IN THE TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE AND CHANGES OF PLASMA CATECHOLAMINE LEVEL

Ｓｔｒｏｋｅｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｍｅｔａｎｄｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇｄｉｓｅａｓｅｉｎｃｌｉｎｉｃ ,ａｎｄｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｓ ｅａｓｅｓｗｉｔｈｈｉｇｈｅｒｍｏｒｂｉｄｉｔｙ ,ｈｉｇｈｅｒｍａｉｍｒａｔｅａｎｄｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｅａｔｈｒａｔｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅａｃｕｐｕｎｃｔｕｒｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙｆｏｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃｓｔｒｏｋｅ ,ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｕｍｓｕｐｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆＣＴ ａｉｄ…     

中缝大核微电泳导入纳洛酮对电针效应的影响

<正> 延脑中缝大核(NRM)是中枢内源性下行痛抑制系统的重要核团之一,有工作表明,富含吗啡受体和内源性吗啡样物质(OLS)的中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)是吗啡镇痛和脑刺激镇痛的高效区。在PAG注入吗啡或是进行电刺激,均能下行性抑制脊髓背角神经元的伤害性反应。若损毁NRM,则可阻断这种抑制作用。说明PAG对于痛觉的下行抑制有赖于NRM机能的完整性,PAG-NRM-脊髓背角神     

针刺治疗中风上肢瘫痪临床分析

目的探讨针刺治疗中风后上肢瘫痪的最佳方法和介入时机。方法将符合病例纳入标准的80例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例,治疗组采用头穴久留针加电针神经干法,对照组采用常规针刺阳明经穴法。同时用简化Fugl-Meyer(FMA)运动量表作为疗效评定标准进行上肢功能针刺效应评定。结果两组患者在入组时,上肢的运动功能差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1疗程(4星期)后治疗组和对照组上肢的运动功能差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论运用头穴久留针加电针神经干的方法治疗早期中风上肢瘫痪效果好。     

OBSERVATION ON CLINICAL THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF MRI-AIDED ENCLOSURE NEEDLING IN THE TREATMENT OF STROKE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BLOOD RHEOLOGY

Objective: To observe clinical therapeutic effect of magnetic resonance imaging (MRl)-aided enclosure needling in the treatment of stroke patients and changes of the related blood rheology. Methods: A total of 61stroke patients were randomized into MR I-aided enclosure needling group (MRI-aided acupuncture group) (n = 31 ) and conventional acupuncture group (n= 30). For patients of MRl-aided acupuncture group, acupuncture needles were inserted into the subcutaneous tissues around the focus-projection scalp area displayed by MRI, with the needle tips toward the center of the projection region and with two needles being about 2 crn apart, combined with other acupoints according to the concrete syndromes or symptoms. For patients of conventional acupuncture group, Motor Area (MS 6)and Sensory Area (MS 7) on the contralateral side of the focus were punctured. The treatment was conducted once daily, continuously for 30 days. Results: After treatment, of the 31 cases in MRl-aided acupuncture group, 20 werecured basically, 10 responded with significant improvement of symptoms and signs, one case had some improvement.While in conventional acupuncture group, of the 30 cases, 11 were cured basically, 15 responded with striking amelioration of symptoms and signs and 4 had some amelioration. Ridit analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of MRI-aided acupuncture group was significantly superior to that of conventional acupuncture group (P ＜ 0.05). After treatment,the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, whole blood reduction viscosity, hemagglutination index, and the total score of the two groups all decreased significantly in comparison with those of pre-treatment of each group,while whole blood viscosity, hematocrit, vascular sclerosis index and the total score of MRl-aided acupuncture group were obviously lower than those of conventional acupuncture group ( P＜ 0.05- 0.01 ), suggesting that the effect of theformer group in bettering blood rheology was pronouncedly superior to that of conventional acupuncture group. Conclusion: MRl-aided acupuncture group is obviously superior to that of conventional acupuncture group in improving clinicalsymptoms and signs and blood rheology in stroke patients.