nm23-H1基因转染前后人大细胞肺癌细胞株抑制消减cDNA文库的构建

背景与目的 已有的研究表明,nm23-H1基因是一个重要的肺癌转移抑制基因,为了筛选与该基因表达相关的差异表达基因.本研究拟构建nm23-H1基因转染前后人大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981和L9981-nm23-H1)差异表达基因的抑制消减cDNA文库,为进一步筛选、克隆与nm23-H1转移相关的基因奠定基础.方法利用抑制消减杂交(suppressive subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术构建nm23-H1基因转染前后人大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981和L9981-nm23-H1)间差异表达基因的正向和反向消减cDNA文库,经蓝白菌落筛选克隆,并PCR反应鉴定.结果 成功构建了该两株细胞株差异表达基因的正向和反向消减cDNA文库.经蓝白菌落筛选,正向消减文库总共获得约300个白斑克隆,反向消减文库总共获得约400个白斑克隆,从正反向消减文库中各挑选96个克隆进行PCR扩增检测是否有插入片段,结果显示在挑选的正向文库中有84个克隆有插入片段,反向文库中有83个克隆有插入片段.其片段大小范围为(300-750)bp.结论 抑制消减杂交是克隆差异表达基因的有效方法,我们应用SSH法和T/A克隆技术成功建立了nm23-H1基因转染前后人大细胞肺癌细胞株(L9981和L9981-nm23-H1)差异表达基因的抑制消减cDNA文库.nm23-H1基因在肺癌细胞中的表达可能影响某些转移相关基因的差异表达.     

永生化上皮细胞系及肺鳞癌细胞系基因组DNA拷贝数变异的比较研究

  目的  通过分析比较支气管上皮永生化细胞系与肺鳞癌细胞系的拷贝数变异探讨肿瘤早期发展的分子机制。  方法  用人类比较基因组杂交芯片（aCGH）分别测定支气管上皮细胞系Y-BE和肺鳞癌细胞系NCI-H2170的拷贝数, 经数据校正, 对拷贝数变异基因进行GO（Gene Ontology）富集分析。  结果  永生化上皮细胞系早代Yp21仅出现了少量的DNA拷贝数变异, 而在染色体20 q11~12区段Yp21细胞与HCI-H2170细胞出现了相似的拷贝数变异结果; 永生化上皮细胞系晚代Yp113具有类神经细胞黏附基因的拷贝数增加现象; 整体来看, 从永生化上皮细胞早代到晚代, 再与肿瘤细胞比较, DNA拷贝数变异频率不断升高, 基因组稳定性逐渐下降。  结论  通过对永生化上皮细胞拷贝数变异的研究, 成功建立了肺癌癌前模型的拷贝数变异谱, 部分拷贝数变异可能代表了肿瘤发生发展早期的分子事件, 预示了细胞的潜在恶性, 这些发现可能为阐明肿瘤发生发展的分子机制提供了条件。      

α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化不同时期差异表达基因cDNA文库的构建

目的: 建立α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化不同时期差异表达基因的文库.方法:抑制消减杂交法(SSH).结果:建立了3个人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化不同时期差异表达基因的cDNA文库.其中,A差减文库(永生化人支气管上皮细胞BEP2D的cDNA为tester,α粒子照射BEP2D细胞后35代恶性转化细胞R15Hp35的cDNA为driver)有416个克隆,B差减文库(α粒子照射BEP2D细胞后20代转化细胞R15Hp20的cDNA为tester,BEP2D和R15Hp35细胞的cDNA混合后为driver) 有301个克隆,C差减文库(R15Hp35细胞的cDNA为tester,BEP2D细胞的cDNA为driver)有586个克隆.,对文库中70个cDNA克隆单向测序后发现:61个cDNA为己知基因,9个cDNA在GenBank中无法查到对应的同源序列,可能代表了新基因.结论:3个差减文库的cDNA可能代表了α粒子诱发人支气管上皮细胞恶性转化不同时期差异表达的基因,此为进一步研究α粒子诱导肺癌发生的分子机制奠定了基础.     

Gene expression profiles in human non-small and small-cell lung cancers

Suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was performed comparing normal bronchial epithelial cells with a lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and a metastatic small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). The sequence analysis of four cDNA libraries revealed 869 individual sequences. Of these, 342 were tested using northern blots of lung cancer cell lines representing the three major subtypes (SCC, adenocarcinoma, SCLC) which confirmed the differential expression of 236 cDNAs. The extended analysis of 31 randomly chosen fragments confirmed the validity of the approach to identify genes associated with lung cancer development. Additionally, five novel full-length cDNA were isolated encoding the microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3, the epithelial V-like antigen 1 (EVA1), the GTP-binding protein SAR1, a new member of the S100-type calcium binding protein family and a new homeobox-containing gene.     

Molecular and cytogenetic alterations in early stage of carcinogenesis of human lung

In an attempt to reveal the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in early stage of carcinogenesis of human lung cancer, a human bronchial epithelial cell line was immortalized by transfection with the Simian virus early region genes (SV40T); the biological features of the stable transfected cells were compared to human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens. The immortalized bronchial epithelial cells did not develop tumors but premalignant lesions in animal models. However, several genetic changes, including chromosome deletion and aneuploidy, altered expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes occur not only in invasive NSCLC (human specimens) but also in the early stage of lung carcinogenesis (premalignant lesions) in this transfection model.     

Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes in non-small-cell lung cancer reveals differences between smokers and nonsmokers

Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway. Delineation of nAChR subtypes in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) may provide information for prevention or therapeutic targeting. Expression of nAChR subunit genes in 66 resected primary NSCLCs, 7 histologically non-involved lung tissues, 13 NSCLC cell lines, and 6 human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBEC) was analyzed with quantitative PCR and microarray analysis. Five nonmalignant HBECs were exposed to nicotine in vitro to study the variation of nAChR subunit gene expression with nicotine exposure and removal. NSCLCs from nonsmokers showed higher expression of nAChR alpha6 (P < 0.001) and beta3 (P = 0.007) subunit genes than those from smokers, adjusted for gender. In addition, nAChR alpha4 (P < 0.001) and beta4 (P = 0.029) subunit gene expression showed significant difference between NSCLCs and normal lung. Using Affymetrix GeneChip U133 Sets, 65 differentially expressed genes associated with NSCLC nonsmoking nAChR alpha6beta3 phenotype were identified, which gave high sensitivity and specificity of prediction. nAChR alpha1, alpha5, and alpha7 showed significant reversible changes in expression levels in HBECs upon nicotine exposure. We conclude that between NSCLCs from smokers and nonsmokers, different nAChR subunit gene expression patterns were found, and a 65-gene expression signature was associated with nonsmoking nAChR alpha6beta3 expression. Finally, nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in reversible differences in nAChR subunit gene expression. These results further implicate nicotine in bronchial carcinogenesis and suggest targeting nAChRs for prevention and therapy in lung cancer.     

Pivotal role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in the survival of lung cancer cells

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers including lung cancer, and its contribution to increased proliferation through upregulation of cell cycle accelerators such as cyclins A and E has been well established in breast and gastric cancers. Nevertheless, very little is known about its role in supporting the survival of cancer cells. In addition, the functional role of EpCAM in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remains to be explored. In this study, we show that RNAi-mediated knockdown of EpCAM suppresses proliferation and clonogenic growth of three EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell lines (H3255, H358, and HCC827), but does not induce cell cycle arrest in any of these. In addition, EpCAM knockdown inhibits invasion in the highly invasive H358 but not in less invasive H3255 cells in a Transwell assay. Of note, the EpCAM knockdown induces massive apoptosis in the three cell lines as well as in another EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell line, HCC2279, but to a much lesser extent in a cdk4/hTERT immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cell line, HBEC4, suggesting that EpCAM could be a therapeutic target for lung cancer. Finally, EpCAM knockdown partially restores contact inhibition in HCC827, in association with p27(Kip1) upregulation. These results indicate that EpCAM could contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of lung cancer, especially cancer cell survival, and suggest that EpCAM targeted therapy for lung cancer may have potential.     

DNA依赖蛋白激酶在人支气管上皮细胞癌变株和肺癌组织中的异常表达

目的:探讨辐射诱发人支气管上皮细胞癌变株和肺癌组织中DNA依赖蛋白激酶(DNA dependent protein kinase, DNA-PK)的激酶活性或表达变化。方法:用Western blot和p53蛋白为特异性底物的磷酸化反应分别检测癌变细胞中DNA-PKcs表达和激酶活性,用免疫组化结合病理图像定量分析技术检测肺癌组织和癌旁组织中DNA-PKcs蛋白的表达情况。结果:a粒子辐射诱发的人支气管上皮细胞癌变株BERP35T-1的DNA-PKcs表达水平比亲本细胞BEP2D提高30%,激酶活性显著提高。所检测的14例非小细胞肺癌组织中DNA-PKcs蛋白表达水平普遍高于相对应的癌旁组织,两组之间有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。结论:非小细胞肺癌组织中DNA-PKcs表达增加,可能成为肺癌的一个生物标记物。     

Altered regulation of c-jun and its involvement in anchorage-independent growth of human lung cancers

The c-jun oncogene is frequently overexpressed in non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC), but its functional involvement in lung cancer development has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we found that among the immediate-early serum responsible genes, exemplified by c-jun, c-fos and c-myc, induction of c-jun in a human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, was dependent on anchorage, in contrast to clear induction of c-fos and c-myc under both anchorage-dependent and -independent conditions. In fact, forced expression of c-jun in BEAS-2B cells significantly increased cell viability and colony formation in soft agar. Furthermore, we also found that such anchorage-dependent regulation of c-jun was lost in a significant fraction of human lung cancer cell lines. Interestingly, suppressed anchorage-independent but not anchorage-dependent growth was noted by constitutive expression of a dominant-negative c-jun mutant in a lung cancer cell line showing dysregulated and sustained c-jun expression in the absence of anchorage. These findings suggest that dysregulated c-jun expression may be involved in the acquisition of anchorage independence in the process of human lung carcinogenesis.     

人前列腺癌高低转移细胞株差异表达基因的筛选

目的：筛选高低转移能力人前列腺癌细胞株PC3M-1E8和PC3M-2B4间差异表达基因。方法：应用抑制性消减杂交（SSH）技术,对高转移能力人前列腺癌细胞株PC3M-1E8及其同源低转移细胞株PC3M-2B4进行2次消减杂交,第1次SSH实验,以PC3M-2B4细胞株为实验方,PC3M-1E8株为驱动方,构建正向消减文库。第2次实验则以PC3M-1E8株为实验方,PC3M-2B4为驱动方,构建反向消减文库。筛选出来的阳性克隆进行测序,并在GeneBank数据库中进行同源性比较后从中选取若干序列进行实时定量PCR验证。结果：2个消减文库共得到238个阳性克隆,从中各随机选取8个克隆测序并进行同源性分析,发现其中12条序列来自于11个已知基因,另外4条序列为新的未知功能的基因序列标签（EST）。结论：成功构建了高低转移力人前列腺癌细胞株的双向消减杂交文库。     

BEP2D细胞和R15Hp35T-2细胞中60个肺癌相关基因的表达研究

目的：研究永生化人支气管上皮细胞（BEP2D）和α粒子辐射诱发BEP2D细胞后形成的恶性转化细胞（R15Hp35T-2)中60个肺癌相关基因的表达谱。方法：首先搜集了60个肺癌相关的基因，经扩增和纯化后，用Cartesian PixSys550 cDNA Microarray点样仪将60个肺癌相关基因以微阵列形式点布于醛基化的玻璃片上。然后提取BEP2D细胞和R15Hp35T-2细胞的RNA，经长片段反转录和线性扩增标记成荧光探针后与微阵列中的cDNA进行杂交。结果：与BEP2D细胞相比，R15Hp35T-2细胞中上调表达的基因有27个，下调表达的基因有7个。大部分抑癌基因的mRNA丰度在2种细胞中表达相似；而大多数癌基因和生长因子类基因的mRNA丰度在R15Hp35T-2细胞中高表达。结论：在辐射诱发的人支气管上皮恶性转化细胞中，癌基因及生长因子类基因可能共同促进了细胞的转化。     

Genes upregulated in a metastasizing human colon carcinoma cell line

Differential gene expression between the metastatic human colon cancer cell line HT29p and its nonmetastatic counterpart HT29-MTX was revealed by suppression subtractive hybridization. Fifty-eight individual genes showed increased mRNA levels in HT29p cells. Only 15 of these genes had been related to transformation in previous studies; the majority of genes are new candidates encoding proteins relevant for the metastatic process. Cancer profiling arrays as well as in situ hybridization study revealed that at least some of the genes obtained in the SSH screen are also differentially expressed in human tumors.     

miR-200a抑制YAP1基因表达对肺癌细胞增殖的影响

  目的   研究微小RNA-200a（miR-200a）对肺癌细胞增殖的影响,并探讨其分子机制。   方法   采用Real-time PCR检测15例非小细胞肺癌组织和对应癌旁组织、人肺癌细胞株（A549、NCI-H520、SK-MES-1）及人正常肺支气管上皮细胞株16HBE中miR-200a的表达水平。用CCK-8法检测miR-200a对A549肺癌细胞增殖活性的影响。通过生物信息学方法预测miR-200a可能的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因实验结合Real-time PCR和Western blot验证miR-200a对靶基因YAP1的调控作用。CCK-8法检测下调靶基因YAP1对A549肺癌细胞株增殖活性的影响。   结果   miR-200a在非小细胞肺癌组织和肺癌细胞系中表达明显降低（P < 0.01）。上调miR-200a表达后明显抑制A549肺癌细胞的增殖活力（P < 0.01）。双荧光素酶报告基因显示miR-200a可以直接作用于靶基因YAP1的3'-UTR区域抑制荧光素酶活性（P < 0.01）,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测显示上调miR-200a的表达能够明显下调A549肺癌细胞YAP1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平（P < 0.01）。CCK-8法显示下调YAP1的表达能够明显抑制A549肺癌细胞的增殖活性（P < 0.01）。   结论   miR-200a通过靶向作用于YAP1基因来抑制肺癌细胞的增殖,从而在肺癌中发挥抑癌基因的功能。