Human pulpectomy: incidence of postoperative pain using two different intracanal dressings

A clinical study using vital maxillary central incisors was performed to evaluate the incidence of postoperative pain after pulpectomy and dressing with a corticosteroid-antibiotic preparation or a calcium-hydroxide paste. Sixty teeth from 45 patients were prepared and dressed on the first visit and re-evaluated 7 days later. No difference was observed in the incidence of postoperative pain between the two groups.     

Postoperative Pain After Using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and EasyClean Device,Irrigation Activation Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial

IntroductionThis randomized clinical trial aimed to compare postoperative pain after the use of 2different irrigation activation techniques: passive ultrasonic irrigation and the EasyClean device.MethodsSixty-six single-rooted teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were randomly assigned to 2experimental groups (n = 33), which differed in the irrigation activation technique. Postoperative pain levels were assessed after 24, 48, and 72 hours using a verbal rating scale; the ibuprofen intake amount was recorded at the same time intervals. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsPostoperative pain levels and analgesic intake frequency were not significantly different across the 2irrigation activation techniques (P > .05). The frequencies obtained in relation to the prevalence of postoperative pain were 3.1-25.8% for all participants of the 2studied groups.ConclusionThe irrigation activation techniques of passive ultrasonic irrigation and the EasyClean device were found to be equivalent in terms of postoperative pain and analgesic intake.     

一次和分次根管治疗术短期疗效观察

目的 评价一次性根管治疗和分次根管治疗方法的临床疗效.方法 选择80例慢性牙髓炎患者,随机均分2组,用Cortisomol糊剂加牙胶尖侧方加压法,分别一次和分次完成根管充填术;术后24 h及7 d对病人随访及检查,比较2种治疗方法的临床疗效. 结果 2种治疗方法临床效果短期观察无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 一次性根管治疗术是节省时间行之有效的治疗方法.     

不同根管封闭糊剂在一次性根管治疗中的临床疗效研究

目的评价3种不同的根管封闭剂在一次性根管治疗中的术后反应和疗效。方法 163例共179颗患牙随机分组分成3组。A组为iRoot SP糊剂组(60颗),B组为AH Plus糊剂组(60颗),C组为碘仿糊剂组(59颗)。常规根管预备后即刻根充。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果统计分析结果显示3组根管糊剂根管充填术后7 d疼痛发生率:i Root SP糊剂组低于AH Plus糊剂组和碘仿糊剂组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年和2年的临床疗效进行比较,结果显示iRoot SP糊剂组和AH Plus糊剂组的成功率均高于碘仿糊剂组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。iRoot SP糊剂组成功率略高于AH Plus糊剂组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在一次性根管治疗中iRoot SP糊剂疗效略优于AH Plus糊剂和碘仿糊剂,是理想的根管充填材料。     

3种封闭剂在一次性根管治疗术后的近期疼痛比较

目的 观察3种根管封闭剂在活髓牙一次性根管治疗术后1周内发生疼痛的情况。方法 将需要行根管治疗的162颗活髓恒牙随机分为3组,分别以Roekoseal封闭剂(A组)、Cortisomol封闭剂(B组),Vitapex封闭剂(C组)结合牙胶尖作为根充材料进行冷测压充填。对术后1、3、7d的疼痛发生情况用VAS评价标尺记录并分析比较。结果 3组术后3d疼痛发生有显著性差异(P<0.01),A、B组术后反应较轻,C组较重。1d、7d时均无显著差异。术后7d疼痛均基本缓解消退。结论 以Roekoseal或Cortisomol作为根管封闭剂进行根管充填可减少活髓牙一次性根管治疗术后近期疼痛的发生。     

不同根管封闭剂根管充填术后疼痛的临床研究

目的观察用3种根管封闭剂充填根管后短期疼痛的发生情况.方法将明确诊断为牙髓炎和根尖炎需要行根管治疗的恒牙404颗随机分为3组,A组以碘仿氧化锌丁香油为封闭剂,B组以氧化锌丁香油为封闭剂,C组以Cortisomol为封闭剂,分别加牙胶尖进行根管充填,对术后24～72 h疼痛发生情况用VAS评价标尺记录并用χ2检验分析比较.结果经统计学检验3组术后疼痛发生率有显著性差异(P＜0.01),Cortisomol 组术后反应最轻,碘仿氧化锌丁香油组术后反应最严重.结论以Cortisomol为封闭剂进行根管充填可明显减少术后疼痛.     

慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗的临床疗效观察

目的：评价慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗的临床效果和可靠性。方法：选择患有慢性根尖周炎的直根管患牙200例,采用改良双敞技术和平衡力法预备根管,0．5％次氯酸钠及17％EDTA冲洗,随机均分为两组：一次性根管治疗组在上述操作完成后立即行牙胶尖加树脂类封闭剂AHplus侧方加压术充填根管;多次性根管治疗组根管内封入氢氧化钙糊剂复诊,待无症状后再行根充。治疗结束后1d、7d、30d随访记录患者的疼痛反应。1年后进行临床及X线复查,计算每组根管治疗的成功及失败率,并进行统计学检验。结果：有94例患者回访,一次性根管治疗组43例,多次根管治疗51例。根管治疗术后1d疼痛发生率一次性治疗组高于多次性组,且有统计学差异,7d、30d的疼痛发生率两组间无明显差异。1年后复查两组的成功率无统计学差异。一次性根管治疗组的前牙与后牙治疗成功率间无统计学差异。结论：慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗术后疼痛发生率较多次法高,但远期疗效等同于多次法者。     

Comparison between two ultrasonic units in shaping curved canals in teeth using macroradiography

Abstract The efficacy of two ultrasonic units in shaping curved canals in teeth were compared. Twenty teeth were instrumented using the Cavi-Endo unit at a power setting 1 using the technique recommended by the manufacturer. Another group of 20 teeth received similar treatment but were instrumented with the Enac unit. The time taken to instrument each canal was recorded. The pre- and post-instrumented radiographs of the teeth of x 10 magnification were taken using a microfocal technique. The radiographs were subjected to a subtraction technique to result in composite images of the pre- and post-instrumented shapes. The canal shape and the incidence of elbows were evaluated using various measurements taken from the radiographs. The manner the dentine was removed was similar in both groups. All canals exhibited unequal removal along the canal with more dentine being removed at the coronal end. The Enac group exhibited a higher incidence of elbows which occurred further apically than those in the Cavi-Endo group. There was no significant difference between groups in the following: time of instrumentation, amount of apical and coronal canal enlargement, apical deviation and change in width at the elbow. These findings were no different from those of another study using simulated canals.     

空管药物消毒根管对预防根管治疗术复诊间痛的临床观察

目的：通过暂封空管药物来消毒根管，达到预防根管治疗术复诊间痛的发生。方法：选择患急、慢性根尖周炎，牙髓坏死需接受根管治疗的362例患者共376个患牙为受试对象，随机分成实验组180例186个患牙和对照组182例190个患牙。两组均行两次法完成根管治疗术。实验组暂封空管药物，对照组暂封FC。比较两组患牙在根管治疗期间发生疼痛的比率。结果：暂封空管药物组发生疼痛的患牙为21个（11.29%），对照组发生疼痛的患牙为41个（21.58%），经统计学检验，两组有显著差异（P＜0.01）。结论：暂封空管药物可以有效预防根管治疗术复诊间痛的发生。     

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目的评价MTWO镍钛根管预备系统在磨牙根管治疗中的应用效果。方法选取2008年1月至2009年2月解放军第463医院口腔科门诊收治的需做根管治疗的患者110例(126颗患牙),随机分成2组,试验组72颗,对照组54颗;分别采用MTWO镍钛根管预备系统和不锈钢K锉行根管预备,次氯酸钠溶液和EDTA凝胶疏通并清理根管内感染物质,采用侧向加压技术行根管充填;根据临床操作时间、术后X线片及疼痛情况评价根管预备和充填的效果。结果试验组根管预备平均时间为4min10s,明显少于对照组的10min50s;试验组无根管偏移及台阶形成,能较好地保持根管的解剖初形,对照组中2例有台阶形成;试验组适充率(94.4%)明显高于对照组(81.5%)(P<0.01),术后3d疼痛的发生率(4.2%)明显低于对照组(13.0%)(P<0.01)。结论用MTWO镍钛根管预备系统预备根管能很好地维持根管解剖形态,减少术后疼痛,并且省时、高效,提高了根充效果。     

一次性和多次性根管治疗应用于根尖周炎的临床评价

目的评价根管治疗一次法和多次法对无症状根尖周炎疗效的影响,探讨一次性根管治疗的适应症。方法选取无症状根尖周炎的患牙160颗,分层随机法分为两组,分别采用一次法和多次法完成根管治疗。所有患牙均使用镍钛机动根管器械预备,牙胶冷侧方加压法充填根管。比较两组术后疼痛发生情况,根据患者主观症状、临床表现和术前术后X线片评价疗效。结果一次法和多次法在术后疼痛、根管治疗效的差异上没有统计学意义。结论一次性根管治疗应用于无症状根尖周炎的患牙是可行的,但要注意控制适应症。     

3种不同根管预备方法对老年人根管治疗约诊间痛的影响

目的 比较老年患者根管治疗时3种不同预备方法根管治疗约诊间痛（EIAP）的发生率。方法 将265例老年患者的292颗急、慢性牙髓炎或根尖周炎患牙随机分为M组、G组和H组,分别采用Mtwo镍钛机用器械改良单一长度技术、G钻改良步退技术、不锈钢H锉常规步退技术进行根管预备,分析3组患者的EIAP发生率。结果 M组、G组和H组的EIAP 发生率分别为5.81%、6.38%、19.64%。统计分析表明：M组和H组、G组和H组之间均有统计学差异（P<0.012 5）,M组和G组之间无统计学差异（P>0.012 5）。结论 Mtwo镍钛机用器械改良单一长度技术、G钻改良步退技术可显著降低老年患者根管治疗的疼痛。     

根管预备后超声冲洗的临床研究

目的 对不同方法根管预备后超声冲洗进行临床评估。方法 将121例患者144颗患牙，随机分成四组：手用不锈钢K锉组；手用不绣钢K锉＋超声冲洗组；机用不锈钢K锉组；机用不绣钢K锉＋超声冲洗组。手用不绣钢K锉采用逐步深入法预备根管，机用不绣钢K锉采用逐步后退法预备根管。比较四组根管预备后疼痛发生情况率、根管充填质量、根尖偏移和倜枝根管充填情况，以及根管充填一年疗效观察。结果各组根管预备后疼痛无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。超声组侧枝根管充填率高于单纯手用和机用组。术后一年复查98颗，相应各组无显著性盖异（P〉0．05）。结论 根管预备后超声冲洗，对降低术后疼痛及提高临床治疗有效率无明显效果；但可以提高侧枝根管充填率。     

超声冲洗用于慢性牙髓炎一次法根管治疗术的临床评价

目的 评价根管超声冲洗技术对成人磨牙慢性牙髓炎一次法根管治疗术短期疗效的影响。方法 168 颗患牙按掷硬币的方法分为超声冲洗组86 颗和常规组82 颗,局麻下开髓、拔髓和根管预备,根管充填前常规组用2 mL 5.25% 的次氯酸钠溶液冲洗;超声冲洗组用2ml5.25% 次氯酸钠溶液注入根管,15号超声锉荡洗2min,期间不断补充新鲜液体。2组最后均使用17% EDTA 冲洗,吸干热牙胶垂直加压充填根管,窝洞暂封。3 天后复诊完成冠部充填。治疗后观察根管充填质量及侧枝根管充填情况、3天内疼痛发生情况以及1年后的治疗疗效。结果 超声组术后即刻侧支根管充填率提高,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);根管充填后3 天内超声组疼痛发生率明显低于常规组(P<0.05);2 组1 年后疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 超声冲洗能短期内降低术后疼痛发生率,提高侧支根管充填率,有很好的临床应用效果。     

Obtura Ⅱ热牙胶充填年轻恒牙根管的临床疗效评价

目的比较年轻恒牙采用两种不同根管充填术的临床疗效。方法将120颗患牙髓病或根尖周病的年轻恒磨牙随机分为两组,每组各60颗,对照组行冷牙胶侧压充填术,实验组行热牙胶垂直加压联合热塑牙胶充填术。观察术后疼痛发生情况、充填效果及1年后牙周膜的改变。结果根充后两组患牙能自行缓解的疼痛发生率分别为11.7%和10.0%。不能自行缓解的疼痛发生率分别为5.0%和3.3%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组适充49颗,超充3颗,欠充8颗;实验组适充50颗,超充7颗,欠充3颗(P>0.05)。术后1年牙周膜增宽分别为2.35%和1.5%,两组间差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种根管充填术均能达到良好的临床疗效,差异无统计学意义。     

氢氧化钙预防根管治疗术后疼痛的临床观察

目的评价氢氧化钙作为根管内药物预防根管治疗术后疼痛的效果。方法选择90颗牙髓坏死的前磨牙,将其随机分为A、B、C组,每组30颗牙。A组患牙1次完成根管治疗;B组患牙2次完成根管治疗,但约诊期间根管内不封任何药物;C组患牙2次完成根管治疗,但约诊期间根管内封Ca(OH)2糊剂。采用改良10点视觉模拟量表对患者根管治疗后疼痛的严重程度进行评价,比较3组患者根管治疗后的疼痛水平。结果A组与B组、B组与C组患者根管治疗术后疼痛的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组与C组患者根管治疗术后疼痛的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论氢氧化钙作为根管内封药可有效预防根管充填后疼痛的发生。     

A comparison of instrument-centering ability within the root canal for three contemporary instrumentation techniques

AIM: To study and compare Great Taper (GT) hand files using a reversed balanced force technique, nickel-titanium (NiTi)flex files with a balanced force technique and stainless steel (SS) K-type files using a step-back technique. METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single root canals having curvatures between 15 and 45 degrees were prepared using a modified Bramante model and randomly divided into three groups. The teeth were cross-sectioned at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the working length. Preoperative images of canals at three levels were captured at 20x magnification using a stereomicroscope. Canals in each group were, respectively, prepared to an apical size.10 GT file with 0.2 mm tip diameter, size 30 NiTiflex file and size 30 SS K-file. The GT file was used in a reversed balanced force technique, the NiTiflex file was used in a balanced force technique, and the SS K-file was used in a step-back technique. Postoperative canals were imaged under the conditions same as those for the preoperative canals. The postoperative images were superimposed over the preoperative images using software photoshop 6.0. The ability to maintain the instrument in the central axis of the canal and the deviation from the central canal axis were determined and compared by statistical analysis, along with the assessment of the amount of dentine removed. RESULTS: At apical level, the centering ratio, the distance of transportation and the dentine removed in GT and NiTiflex groups were significantly less than those in SS group (P < 0.01), but no statistical differences were found between the two NiTi groups. At other levels, there were no substantial differences amongst the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with SS K-files, GT hand files and NiTiflex files remain better centered and produce significantly less transportation in curved canals.     

超声冲洗联合镍钛器械一次性根管治疗慢性根尖周炎的临床疗效评价

目的 对超声冲洗与镍钛机动器械联合应用于慢性根尖周炎一次性根管治疗的临床疗效进行评价。方法 对77例患者81颗牙按就诊顺序随机分为实验组和对照组。2组均采用镍钛根管预备后,实验组:43颗患牙进行超声根管冲洗,一次法完成根管充填治疗。对照组:38颗患牙进行注射器冲洗,一次法完成根管充填治疗。冲洗液均为0.9%生理盐水。观察根管充填1周后的术后疼痛反应及1年后的根管充填疗效。结果 1周后复诊2组术后疼痛反应有显著性差异(P<0.05)。术后1年复诊,2组疗效无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 超声冲洗与镍钛器械联合应用,对于治疗慢性根尖周炎一次法完成根管充填,可减少患者复诊次数,缩短疗程,同时提高根管充填质量,值得临床推广使用。     

两种根管充填糊剂一次性根管治疗术后疼痛和疗效观察

目的：比较两种根管充填糊荆治疗的一次性根管治疗术后疼痛和临床疗效。方法：103颗需根管治疗的患牙随机分为2组，分别采用Cortisomol糊剂和碘仿氧化锌丁香油水门汀、以及牙胶尖，冷侧压法一次性充填根管。观察术后1周内疼痛的VAS评分和1年后的临床疗效。结果：Cortisomol组2天的VAS评分显著低于碘仿氧化锌丁香油组（P〈0．01），7天时差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。术后一年复查，Cortisomol组疗效好于氧化锌组，两组之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：Cortisomol糊剂充填根管，可以有效减少一次性根管充填术后急性期疼痛的发生。     

根管残余细菌对根管治疗预后的影响

目的　探讨根管预备后残留细菌对根管治疗预后的影响。方法　选取50颗患慢性根尖周炎的单根管牙,分为实验组和对照组。实验组21颗患牙采用逐步后退法及超声冲洗预备根管,根管预备后取样做细菌培养, 立即充填根管,一次性完成根管治疗。对照组采用常规根管治疗方法治疗。根管治疗后6个月、1年及2年复查。结果　①两组患牙根管治疗预后无明显差异。②实验组患牙根管预备后残余细菌与根管治疗预后无明显关系。 ③患牙术后疼痛与根充情况和术前症状无明显关系。结论　近期观察见经过彻底的根管预备,根管内微量残余细菌对根管治疗预后无明显影响。