2008年青海省循化县碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 了解和掌握循化县碘缺乏病防治现状,为今后制定防治措施和策略提供参考依据.方法 根据循化县碘缺乏病的历史资料,2008年在清水、白庄、红旗、街子和尕愣5个乡(镇)分别调查1所乡中心小学和1所村级小学,共调查9所小学校(尕愣乡只有1所学校).在每所小学抽取40名8～10岁学生采用触诊法检查甲状腺大小,检测其中20名学生的尿碘水平和家中食用盐的含碘量,人数不足时,从邻近的学校补足.每所中心小学抽取30名五年级学生进行健康教育问卷调查;在每所小学所在村,调查10名家庭主妇对碘缺乏病防治知识的认知情况,并检测其家中食盐的含碘量.结果 8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率7.9%(30/378),其中,白庄和尕愣乡最高(11.9%,5/42),清水乡最低(2.4%,1/42);8～10岁儿童尿碘水平的尿碘中位数196.5μg/L,尿碘<50μg/L的占5.3%(11/208),尕愣乡<50μg/L的占25.0%(5/20);居民合格碘盐食用率91.4%(159/174),街子镇查家村、团结村和白庄乡的民主村合格碘盐食用率分别为79.0%(15/19)、83.3%(15/18)和89.5%(17/19);碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查,家庭主妇和五年级学生的平均分分别为2.8、2.1分.结论 循化县通过多年碘缺乏病防治,取得了显著的成绩,但仍需要加强碘盐监测和碘缺乏病防治知识宣传等方面的工作.     

2005-2008年江西省碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 通过对碘缺乏病开展连续监测,掌握江西省碘缺乏病消长动态,制订有针对性的碘缺乏病防治对策.方法 2005-2008年,在江西省碘缺乏病10个监测县(市、区)各抽取5个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取的1所小学,每所小学抽取40名8～10岁小学生检查甲状腺,同时采集家中盐样测定盐碘;在上述学生中抽取6名学生测定尿碘,抽取20名学生测定智商;在每所小学各抽取20名5年级学生和学校周边5户家庭主妇进行碘缺乏病健康教育问卷调查.在10个监测县(市、区)各抽取30名孕妇测定尿碘.甲状腺检查采用触诊法和B超法,盐碘测定采用直接滴定法,尿碘测定采用酸消化砷铈分光光度法,学生智商测定采用<中国瑞文联合型测验>农村版.结果 2005-2008年监测结果表明,8～10岁学生平均甲状腺肿大率范同在2.00%～4.60%;居民盐碘中位数为30.00 mg/kg,居民合格碘盐食用率均≥95%;学生智商(IQ)≥90的学生均超过76%;学生和孕妇尿碘中位数均>100 μg/L,<50 μg/L的比例持续在4%以下;学生碘缺乏病健康教育问卷调查及格率分别在11.67%～43.50%,家庭主妇碘缺乏病健康教育问卷调查及格率在92.50%～99.60%.结论 江西省人群碘缺乏状况得到了明显改善,已达到消除碘缺乏病标准.     

陕西省安康市2012年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的了解陕西省安康市碘缺乏病防治现状,为防治碘缺乏病提供科学依据。方法 2012年按照《陕西省碘缺乏病监测方案》,盐样采用直接滴定法测定(GB/T 13025.7-1999)。抽查8～10岁学生进行甲状腺检查,诊断标准采用(WS276-2007)进行。10县(区)分农村、城镇两层次进行学龄儿童尿碘测定,采用砷铈催化分光光度法(WS/T107-2006)。随机抽取小学5年级学生30名进行健康问卷调查,抽取学校所在地家庭主妇15名进行健康教育问卷调查和家中食用盐半定量检测。结果共检测居民盐样3 000份。盐碘中位数为29.74 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为100.00%(3 000/3 000),合格碘盐食用率为96.63%(2 989/3 000)。触诊法共调查2 100名儿童甲状腺,甲状腺肿大57人,甲状腺肿大率2.71%(57/2 100)。共测定1 200名儿童尿样,尿碘中位数为235.00μg/L,尿碘范围82.10～478.40μg/L。对360名学生和180名家庭主妇进行了健康教育问卷调查,学生及家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别为66.76%(721/1 080)、67.22%(363/540),家中食用盐测定,合格碘盐食用率为100.00%(180/180)。结论安康市已达到消除碘缺乏病目标,在实行新的食用碘盐含量标准后,需要继续加强碘缺乏病监测和健康教育工作,对巩固碘缺乏病防治效果有积极意义。     

2011年江苏省淮安市碘缺乏病病情调查结果分析

目的 调查2011年江苏省淮安市碘缺乏病病情现状,为适时采取针对性防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据.方法 2011年,按照《全国碘缺乏病防治监测方案》的要求,在淮安市采用按人口比例概率抽样方法(PPS)选取30个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8～10周岁儿童40名作为观察对象.采用触诊法检测儿童甲状腺肿大情况,采集其家中食用盐样,直接滴定法测定含碘量.从40名儿童中抽取12名采集尿样,用砷铈催化分光光度法检测尿碘.采用问卷对抽中学校5年级学生(30人)和学校所在地的家庭主妇(5名)进行碘缺乏病知识调查.结果 甲状腺触诊检查8～ 10岁儿童1200名,甲状腺肿大率为1.3％(15/1200),均为Ⅰ度肿大;各年龄组甲状腺肿大率分别为0.8％(3/390)、1.8％(7/390)和1.3％(5/420).采集8～ 10岁儿童尿样360份,尿碘中位数为171.5 μg/L,其中＜20μg/L的比例为0(0/360),＜50μg/L的比例为1.1％(4/360),＜100 μg/的比例为5.6％(20/360);检测儿童家中盐样1200份,碘盐覆盖率为99.4％(1193/1200),碘盐合格率为97.7％(1165/1193),合格碘盐食用率为97.1％(1165/1200),非碘盐率为0.6％(7/1200).调查5年级学生900人、家庭主妇150人,碘缺乏病知识知晓率分别为82.7％(2234/2700)和69.8％(314/450).结论 淮安市8～ 10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率、居民盐碘和8～ 10岁儿童尿碘均保持在消除碘缺乏病阶段目标水平,但碘缺乏病知识知晓率偏低,今后在防治碘缺乏病工作中除了加强碘盐监测,保证供应合格碘盐外,还应重点加大健康教育的宣传力度.     

2011年新疆阿勒泰地区碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的了解新疆阿勒泰地区碘缺乏病防治效果及居民碘营养状况,评价各项措施的落实情况和防治效果,为制定碘缺乏病防治措施提供科学依据。方法全地区7个项目县(市)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位随机抽取5~9个乡(镇),在每个乡(镇)随机抽取4个行政村,在每个行政村随机抽检8~15户居民食用盐,进行盐碘检测;在抽取的5个乡(镇)随机抽取1所小学,在抽中学校的所在村按东、南、西、北、中各抽取1份饮用水水样;碘缺乏病病情监测县在所抽取小学随机抽取12名学生并在所抽取小学附近选择3个乡,每个乡抽取孕妇和哺乳妇女各5人,共30人进行尿碘含量检测;非病情监测县在所抽取小学各随机抽检20名8~10岁学生进行尿碘含量检测。结果共检测水样104份,水碘范围在0.3~191.8μg/L,水碘中位数14.4μg/L;检测食盐2 088份,盐碘中位数33.9 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率98.7%,合格碘盐食用率96.7%;检测8~12岁儿童尿样632份,尿碘中位数211.3μg/L;小学生和家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率分别为89.5%、85.2%。结论通过开展碘缺乏病监测,阿勒泰地区碘缺乏病防治工作取得明显成效,达到了国家碘缺乏病消除标准,不存在碘缺乏和碘过量问题。     

2003年拜城县碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 了解拜城县碘缺乏病现状,评价干预措施落实情况及防治效果.方法 采用随机抽样法检查8～10岁在校儿童甲状腺、尿碘、居民食用碘盐情况;五年级学生及家庭主妇健康教育知识问卷调查.结果 触诊法检查甲状腺肿大率为32.52%,碘盐普及率为56.49%,尿碘中位数为104.49 μg/L,5年级学生组健康教育知识及格率为87%,家庭主妇组为95%.结论 拜城县碘缺乏病防治、健康教育都取得了显著效果,但碘盐普及率很低,应加大对原盐的管理,提高碘盐食用率是消除碘缺乏病的根本途径.     

涪陵区全民供碘盐防治碘缺乏病效果评价

目的了解并掌握涪陵区人群供碘盐防治碘缺乏病现况,为2010年涪陵区消除碘缺乏病提供依据。方法采取东、西、南、北、中5个方位抽取5个乡（镇）进行样品采集,用触诊法检查8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率情况,儿童尿碘采用过硫酸铵-砷铈催化分光光度法测定,并分别对抽取的乡（镇）部分学校开展碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查。结果 2006～2009年碘盐覆盖率为93.3%～97.5%,合格碘盐食用率为91.1%～95.6%;儿童甲状腺肿大率（触诊法）由14.84%下降至5.75%;尿碘中位数为166.1～207.4μg/L;碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率为92.4%～91.3%。结论涪陵区人群服碘盐消除碘缺乏病取得了显著效果。     

忻州市儿童碘营养现状及干预措施调查分析

目的分析2002年山西省忻州市碘缺乏病防治现状,为当地政府制定可持续性消除碘缺乏病防治措施提供科学依据.方法在全市190个乡(镇、办事处)中,按原碘缺乏病病区分布和人口比例采用概率抽样方法(PPS法)进行抽样,对当地居民用户盐碘含量,8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率,儿童尿碘水平,居民饮水含碘水平,5年级学生和家庭主妇防治碘缺乏病知识掌握情况进行现状调查.结果 1 200份居民户盐碘盐合格率为90.25%,含碘量均值为30.6mg/kg,中位数为31.3mg/kg;5 602名儿童甲状腺肿大率为7.33%;375名儿童尿碘中位数为292.28μg/L,均值为288.28μg/L;64户居民饮用水碘含量范围值为1.90～77.61μg/L;5年级学生和家庭主妇防治碘缺乏病知识知晓率分别为87.75%,86.8%.结论 2002年度监测结果表明忻州市儿童尿碘水平、居民食用盐的含碘合格率达到国家消除标准,儿童甲状腺肿大率未达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准,对此应予以重视,并进一步探讨其原因.     

2011年河南省碘缺乏病病情现况调查

目的 调查河南省碘缺乏病病情防治现状,推动可持续防治策略的完善.方法 2011年,采用按人口比例概率抽样法(PPS)分层抽样,在全省选取30个县,每个县抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8～ 10岁学生40名,B超检查抽取儿童甲状腺,采用中国联合型瑞文测验(农村和城市修订版)进行智力测定,采集其家中食用盐样,直接滴定法测定盐碘,另采集其中的12名儿童尿样,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘,采用3日称量法测算其所在家庭中居民人均食盐摄入量.在每所抽到学校的5年级学生中抽取30名学生,在学校所在乡及相邻的2个乡抽取孕妇和哺乳期妇女各30人,采用统一试卷进行健康教育调查.结果 ①8～ 10岁儿童(1201人)甲状腺肿大率为4.5％(54/1201);智商(1080人)为107.75±16.81;8～10岁儿童(358人)尿碘中位数为201.4 μg/L.②全省盐碘(1200份)中位数为28.6 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为98.8％(1186/1200),合格碘盐食用率为93.0％(1116/1200).③居民每日平均食盐摄入量为10.5 g.④全省问卷调查小学5年级学生1084名,平均得分4.2分;问卷调查家庭主妇961名,平均得分4.4分.结论 河南省各项碘缺乏病防治技术指标保持消除碘缺乏病状态,加强健康教育、增强群众防病意识依然是今后的重要工作.     

2003年吐鲁番地区碘缺乏病调查报告

目的了解和掌握吐鲁番地区碘缺乏病防治状况. 方法用抽样调查的方法随机抽取了吐鲁番地区2县1市乡镇场及学校,触诊检查甲状腺情况,测定小学生尿碘,测定碘盐生产企业、批发零售店及用户家中食用盐碘含量,对五年级学生及家庭主妇进行问卷调查. 结果 2县1市8～10岁学生触诊法甲状腺肿大率为26.12%,尿碘中位数为218.75μg/L,范围为41～667μg/L,居民碘盐食用率为55.31%. 结论吐鲁番地区碘缺乏病病情仍较严重,重点健全法制,加强非碘盐的监督管理,普及食用加碘盐,提高大众健康意识.     

2007年湖北省碘缺乏病防治效果评价

目的 了解2007年湖北省碘缺乏病防治工作现状,为碘缺乏病的防治工作提供依据.方法 采用人口比例概率抽样法(PPS)在湖北省抽取30个县(市、区),从每个被抽到的县(市、区)中抽取1所小学,在每所小学抽取40名8～10岁学生检查甲状腺,测定智商和家中盐碘水平,并在每个年龄组随机采取尿样各4份(男女各半)测定尿碘水平;随机抽取五年级的20名学生和学校附近的5户家庭主妇进行健康教育问卷测试.结果 盐碘中位数为30.1 mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率为96.2%(1154/1200),触诊法和B超法儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为6.5%(78/1200)和4.1%(49/1200).尿碘中位数为358.4μg/L,学生、家庭主妇的问卷及格率为25.5%(153/600)、90.7%(136/150),学生智商为105.3 ±14.4.结论 湖北省人群碘营养状况良好,并实现消除碘缺乏病目标.     

2009年四川省雅安市消除碘缺乏病调查结果评价

目的 评估四川省雅安市实现消除碘缺乏病目标情况,掌握全市碘缺乏病防治现状.方法 2009年,按照<四川省实现消除碘缺乏病目标县级考核评估方案>开展县级考评.以县为单位,对8个县(区)的防治资料进行综合评分,并统计分析居民户碘盐监测数据;按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)各抽取1所小学,每所学校抽取80名8～10岁儿童,触诊法(WS 276-2007)检查甲状腺;收集其中20名8～10岁儿童尿样,砷铈催化分光光度法(WS/T 107-2006)检测含碘量:同时抽取30名5年级学生和该校附近10名家庭主妇,进行碘缺乏病知识问卷调查.结果 8个县(区)资料评分平均为89.96分,范围为85.42～92.90分;居民户碘盐覆盖率为100.00%(2328/2328),碘盐合格率为97.98%(2281/2328),合格碘盐食用率为97.98%(2281/2328);8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.91%(33/3620);800名8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为235.85μg/L,且<50μg/L的占1.50%(12/800);5年级学生和家庭主妇碘缺乏病防治知识问卷调查及格率分别为92.33%(1131/1225)、94.3%(397/421).结论 雅安市以县为单位全部实现消除碘缺乏病目标,但碘缺乏病与碘营养过剩趋势并存,今后应注意每日碘盐食用量的问题,需科学补碘才能持续消除碘缺乏病.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the investigation outcome of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Ya'an city of Sichuan province,and to master the current situation of IDD in the whole city.Methods In 2009,according to"Counties'Assessment Guideline in Sichuan for Implementing the Measure to Eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders",assessments were conducted.At county level,composite score was given to collected data of the eight counties(districts)and monitoring data of household iodized salt were statistically analyzed.A township (town)was randomly selected by east,west,south,north and center locations,respectively.One primary school was randomly selected in each selected township(town),eighty children aged 8 to 10 in each selected school were checked of their thyroid by palpation(WS 276-2007)and urinary iodine level of20 children among them was measured by As3+_Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).Thirty fifth-grade students and 10 housewives lived around school were asked to take a questionnaire survey.Results Average score of the 8 counties(districts)was 89.96,ranged from 85.42 to 92.90.The coverage rate of iodized salt of household was 100.00%(2328/2328),rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.98%(2281/2328).and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt reached 97.98%(2281/2328).The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 was 0.91%(33/3620),median urinary iodine was 235.85μg/L,and 1.50%(12/800)of child's urinary iodine was less than 50μg/L.The rate of passing a knowledge questionnaire survey of the fifth-grade students and women was 92.33%(1 131/1225)and 9413%(397/421),respectively.Conclusions Ya'an city in Sichuan province has reached the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency.disorders,but there is a coexist trend of IDD and iodine excess.They should pay attention to the daily consumption of iodized salt in the future;sustained elimination of IDD can be reached only by iodine supplementation scientifically.     

2008年河南省三门峡市碘缺乏病调查结果分析

目的 了解河南省三门峡市碘缺乏病发展动态及防治效果,制订有针对性的碘缺乏病防治对策.方法 2008年,在三门峡市所属的灵宝市、陕县、湖滨区、义马市、渑池县、卢氏县6个县(市、区),每个县(市、区)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位抽取5个乡(镇、办事处),每个乡(镇、办事处)抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8～10岁学生50名检查甲状腺,并采集其尿样和家庭食用盐样测定尿碘及盐碘.每所小学抽取30名5年级学生进行碘缺乏病知识健康教育问卷调查,在小学所在村按东、西、南、北、中不同方位采集饮用水5份进行水碘检测,并对10名家庭主妇进行碘缺乏病知识健康教育问卷调查.甲状腺检查采用触诊法;尿碘测定采用过硫酸铵消化-砷铈催化分光光度法(WS/T 107-2006);盐碘测定采用直接滴定法(GB/T 13025-1999);水碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度法(GB/T 5750.5-2006).结果 6个县(市、区)共检查8～10岁儿童1500名,甲状腺肿大率为3.30%(50/1500),尿碘中位数为273.15μg/L;共检测盐样1500份,碘盐覆盖率为99.93%(1499/1500),碘盐合格率为98.00%(1469/1499),合格碘盐食用率为97.93%(1469/1500),非碘盐率为0.07%(1/1500),盐碘中位数为28.9 mg/kg;共采集水样150份,水碘中位数为2.76μg/L;学生碘缺乏病知识健康教育问卷及格率为97.11%(874/900),家庭主妇碘缺乏病知识健康教育问卷及格率为98.67%(296/300).结论 三门峡市碘缺乏病防治工作取得了明显的效果,各项监测指标均达到了国家消除碘缺乏病标准.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the current situation of iodine deficiency disorders and the effect of control measures in Sanmenxia city of Henan province, and to formulate targeted control measures for iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In 2008, five villages(offices) were selected according to the east, west, south,north and center position in each county in 6 counties(cities, districts) of Lingbao, Shan, Hubin, Yima, Mianchi,and Lushi in Sanmenxia city. One primary school was selected in each village(office), fifty students aged 8 - 10 in each primary school were randomly selected to check thyroid and their urine and edible salt were collected to detect iodine. Thirty 5th-grade students in each school were selected to carry out the questionnaire survey of health education about iodine deficiency disorders. According to the east, west, south, north and center position, five potable water samples were selected to detect iodine in the village where the primary school was in. Questionnaire survey was also carried out among ten housewives in the village. Thyroid was examined by palpation;ammonium persulfate digestion-arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006) was used to detect urinary iodine;direct titration(GB/T 13025-1999 ) was used to detect salt iodine;arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (GB/T 5750.5-2006) was used to detect water iodine. Results One thousand and five hundreds children aged 8 - 10 were analyzed in 6 counties(cities, districts), the rate of goiter was 3.30%(50/1500), the median of urinary iodine was 273.15 μg/L. One thousand and five hundreds salt samples were detected, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.93% (1499/1500), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.00% (1469/1499), the edible rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.93% (1469/1500), the coverage rate of non-iodized salt was 0.07% (1/1500), the median of salt iodine was 28.9 mg/kg. One hundred and fifty water samples were collected, the median of water iodine was 2.76 μg/L. The pass rate of the questionnaire survey of health education about iodine deficiency disorders was 97.11% (874/900) in students and 98.67% (296/300) in housewives, respectively. Conclusions The prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has achieved significant results and the monitoring indicators have reached the national standard for eliminating iodine deficiency disorders in Sanmenxia city.     

福建省龙岩市碘缺乏病病情监测结果分析

目的 了解福建省龙岩市碘缺乏病病情现状,评价防治措施效果,为制订防治策略提供依据.方法 2006和2007年期间,在福建省龙岩市7个县(市、区),每个县(市、区)按容量比例概率抽样法(PPS)确定30所小学,每所小学抽取40名8～10岁学生,进行甲状腺触诊检查,同时抽取7名学生采集尿样和家中盐样,进行尿碘及盐碘测定,计算甲状腺肿大率、尿碘中位数、合格碘盐食用率、碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率和非碘盐率.结果龙岩市8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.94%(79/8438),尿碘中位数为259.12μg/L,合格碘盐食用率为97.86%(1462/1494),碘盐覆盖率为99.46%(1486/1494),碘盐合格率为98.38%(1462/1486),非碘盐率为0.54%(8/1494).结论 龙岩市的碘缺乏病防治工作达到国家消除碘缺乏病标准.     

甘肃省临夏州8～10岁儿童碘缺乏病防治效果评价

目的评价临夏州8～10岁儿童碘缺乏病防治效果。方法干预前后,分别于2006年、2010年在每个县按东、南、西、北、中抽取5个乡,每个乡抽取1个村,每个村8～10岁儿童80名(2010年40名),进行甲状腺触诊和B超检查,2010年还抽取其中20名学生采集尿样进行尿碘检测,同时每个村随机采集20户盐样进行检测。结果临夏州合格碘盐食用率从83.2%(1056/1269)升高到94.6%(756/799),8～10岁儿童甲肿率从10.3%(364/3518)下降到4.2%(72/1722),8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为209.76ug/L,<50 ug/L比例占6.73%。结论临夏州实施碘缺乏病综合防治措施后,效果明显,儿童尿碘处于适宜水平,合格碘盐食用率、8～10岁儿童甲肿率均达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准;但部分县防治形势仍然严峻。     

2009年甘肃省碘缺乏病调查结果分析

目的 掌握甘肃省碘缺乏病防治现状,为制订碘缺乏病的防治措施提供依据.方法 2009年,在甘肃省14个市(州),每个市(州)抽取1个达标县(市、区、旗),并按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡(镇、街道),不足5个乡时全部抽取;在所抽取的每个乡(镇、街道),各抽取1个村,进行居民户碘盐情况及碘盐销售网络调查.同时在每个村抽取1所小学,进行儿童尿碘、甲状腺、智商检查及碘缺乏病知晓状况调查.结果 共检测1420份食用盐,加权碘盐覆盖率为99.53%,加权合格碘盐食用率为98.15%.共对1761名8～10岁儿童检测尿碘,中位数为225.87μg/L,在14个县中,有5个县儿童尿碘处于适宜水平,7个县超过了碘适宜水平.2个县处于碘过量水平.共对3051名8～10岁儿童进行甲状腺检查,加权甲状腺肿大率为1.9%,只有红古区儿童加权甲状腺肿大率大于5%,为5.3%.共对2815名8～10岁儿童进行智商检测,平均智商为105.3,除卓尼县和康乐县之外,其余各县儿童智商均在100以上.碘缺乏病知晓调查平均分为3.2分.知道缺碘不聪明的占57.08%(1229/2153),知道缺碘致甲状腺肿大的占71.76%(1544/2153),知道碘盐是最好的防治方法的占68.04%(1465/2153),向家人讲述碘盐好处的占61.82%(1331/2153).共凋查了87个乡(镇)102个村的食盐销售情况,每个乡(镇)都有一个碘盐代销点,每个村至少有1个碘盐零售店,但73.5%(75/102)的零售店无销售许可证.结论 甘肃省碘缺乏病防治取得了显著进展,合格碘盐食用率达到国家消除标准,甲状腺肿大率明显下降,大多数县儿童尿碘处于"大于适宜水平",碘盐销售网络基本健全,但各县碘缺乏病健康教育工作进展不平衡.

Abstract：

Objective To master the status in control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Gansu province and to provide the basis for development of control strategies. Methods One county which reached the national standardization of IDD elimination was selected randomly from each of 14 cities of Gansu province in 2009, then one town was selected respectively from five directions (east, south, west, north, and central) of the above selected counties. One village was chosen from every town which was selected for investigating household iodized salt and iodized salt sales network. At the same time the thyroid of children was examined, their urinary iodine (UI) was determined, the intelligence quotient(IQ) values of children were measured and health education was surveyed in one primary school which was chosen in each of the selected town. Results A total of 1420 edible salt samples were tested;the weighted iodized salt coverage rate and the weighted qualified iodized salt rate were 99.53% and 98.15 respectively. Urine samples were collected from 1761 children included in the study. The urinary iodine median was 225.87 μg/L. The urinary iodine medians were at optimal levels in five counties, over the optimal levels in seven counties and at excessive levels in two counties. A total of 3051 children aged 8 - 10 were randomly selected for thyroid examination. The weighted thyroid goiter rate(TGR) of children was 1.9%, and TGR was higher than 5% only in Hoaggu county. IQ of 2815 children was tested and the mean IQ was 105.3, except for the country of Zhuoni and Kangle, the mean IQ of other counties were over 100. The average score of health education was 3.2.Children of 57.08% (1229/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could lead to mental retardation, 71.76% (1544/2153) knew that iodine deficiency could cause thyroid goiter, 68.04%( 1465/2153 ) knew that eating iodized salt was the best method for IDD prevention and control and 61.82%(1331/2153) informed their families of the benefits of eating iodized salt. Each town had one agency selling iodized salt and each village had one more retail store with iodized salt, but 73.5%(75/102) of the stores without license for the sales. Conclusions Great progress has been made on the prevention and control of IDD in Gansu province. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate has reached the national standard for IDD elimination, TGR has decreased markedly, the urinary iodine levels in more counties are over the optimal levels and iodized salt distribution network is basically sound. But progress in health education is uneven.     

2007-2008年内蒙古自治区碘缺乏病高危地区病情及碘营养现状调查

目的 了解内蒙古碘缺乏病高危地区是否存在新发地方性克汀病病例,掌握地方性甲状腺肿(简称甲肿)流行现况及综合防治措施落实情况,为制订碘缺乏病的防治策略提供依据.方法 2007-2008年,在内蒙古历史地克病流行严重的松山区、克什克腾旗、喀喇沁旗,扎赉特旗、卓资县,凉城县、清水河县、和林县、东胜区、准格尔旗、伊金霍洛旗等11个旗(县、区),对10岁以下儿童进行新发地克病病例搜索;每个旗(县、区)选择3～5个乡,每个乡选择3～5个村小学,每所小学选择120～200名8～10岁儿童,进行甲状腺检查、智商和尿碘检测;每个乡选择2个村,每个村选择30个居民户,检测家庭主妇尿碘及家中食用盐含碘量情况.结果 11个项目旗(县、区)共搜索出56例疑似新发地克病病例,无确诊病例.触诊法和B超法检查8～10岁甲状腺,甲肿率分别为5.2%(309/5922)、4.3%(252/5922);8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为241.5μg/L,尿碘为100.0～300.0 μg/L占65.9%(3901/5920).其中9个项目旗(县、区)的尿碘中位数在200.0～300.0μg/L,尿碘<50.0μg/L所占的比例>5%的旗(县、区)为0,<100.0μg/L所占的比例>10%的有1个.家庭主妇的尿碘中位数为225.6μg/L,<50.0μg/L占2.2%(35/1597).<100.0 μg/L所占比例>10%的旗(县、区)有4个.调查的2109户居民中有97.45%(2055/2109)的存食用碘盐,有2.55%(54/2109)的居民食用无碘盐.结论 调查的11个项目旗(县、区)儿童甲肿率降至10%以下,未发现新发克汀病病例,防治成绩显著;儿童和育龄妇女碘营养水平基本适宜;碘盐覆盖率高、销售网络比较健全、价格合理、购买方便,食盐加碘为主消除碘缺乏病防治措施得到有效的落实,儿童的智力得到有效保护.碘缺乏病健康教育仍然是防治工作中的一个薄弱环节,亟待加强.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate new cases of endemic cretinism in high-risk areas of Inner Mongolia, the prevalence of endemic goiter, the implementation of comprehensive measures, and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Methods In 2007 and 2008, a search for new cretin cases was conducted among children under the age of 10 in 11 historical serious epidemic cretinism prevalent areas of Songshan district, Keshiketeng qi, Kalaqin qi, Zhalaite qi, Zhuozi county,Liangcheng county, Qingshuihe county, Helin county, Dongsheng district, Zhungeer qi and Yinjinhuoluo qi. Three to 5 towns were selected in each qi(county, district) and 3 to 5 village primary schools were selected in each town.One hundred and twenty to 200 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each school to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation and to test intelligence and urinary iodine. Two villages were selected in each town and 30 households were selected to determine urinary iodine of housewives and salt iodine. Results A total of 56 cases of suspected cases of endemic cretinism were found from the 11 counties but no case was confirmed. The goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 was 5.2% (309/5922) by palpation and 4.3% (252/5922) by B-ultrasound. The median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 was 241.5 μg/L, and urinary iodine was 100 to 300 μg/L, accounted 65.9%(3901/5920). Median urinary iodine of the 9 Qis(counties, districts) was in the range of 200 and 300μg/L.Higher than 5% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 50 μg/L was zero. Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 1. The median urinary iodine of housewives was 225.6 μg/L, and lower than 50 μg/L accounted for 2.2%(35/1597). Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 4. A total of 2109 households were investigated and 97.45%(2055/2109) of them ate iodized salt and 2.55%(54/2109) of them ate non-iodized salt. Conclusions In the 11 investigated counties, goiter rate of children has decreased to less than 10%, and no new cretin was found. It could be concluded that the fulfillment of prevention and control of IDD is effective. The iodine nutrition of children and women of childbearing age is in an adequate level. The coverage rate of iodized salt has maintained at a higher level, the sales network is sound, the salt price is reasonable and salt is easy to get and the children's intelligence is protected effectively. But, the health education about IDD is still weak, need to be reinforced.     

天津市食盐加碘后甲状腺肿大率与碘营养状况的调查

目的：调查和研究食盐加碘后天津市居民的甲状腺肿大率和碘营养状况,方法：在6个区共调查居民31530人,7－14岁在校儿童4415人,对调查对象进行甲状腺肿大率,尿碘浓度,食盐碘含量等项目的调查。结果：（1）食盐加碘后天津市居民的平均甲状腺肿大率为5．5％,8－10岁儿童平均甲状腺肿大率为19．7％,甲状腺肿大率较食盐加碘以前有了明显下降,但下降的速度较缓慢,（2）天津市食盐加碘以后各区居民的平均尿碘中位数为287．2ug/L,各区儿童尿碘中位数平均为271．6u/L,证明总体人群碘营养充足,（3）天津市居民总体盐碘含量超过20mg/kg水平,各区居民户盐含碘量有9．9％－41．1％超过60mg/kg,说明碘盐的含碘是偏高是一个新的现象。结论：经过3年左右的食盐加碘防治工作,天津市碘缺乏情况已得到控制。     

我国碘缺乏病高危地区重点调查结果分析

目的 调查我国碘缺乏病高危地区新发地方性克汀病(地克病)和地方性甲状腺肿(地甲肿)的流行现况,了解高危地区碘盐覆盖率较低的原因,有针对性地提出防治对策.方法 以县为单位,在西藏、青海、新疆、甘肃、宁夏、四川、海南、重庆、云南、广西、内蒙古11个省份的碘盐监测盲区(高危县)采取单纯随机抽样方法选择调查乡,在其他高危县按照典型调查原则以乡为单位选取调查点,进行10岁以下新发地克病病例搜索;对8～10岁儿童采用B超法检测甲状腺大小,采用中国瑞文测验(农村修订版)检测智商;对育龄妇女开展人户调查和采集家中盐样,盐碘测定采用半定量法,统计居民户碘盐覆盖率;采集8～10岁儿童和育龄妇女尿样,尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度法;全部结果采用Epi Iinfo 6.0软件进行分析.结果 在101个高危县中搜索出地克病线索病例4122人,其中确诊地克病249例.儿童甲状腺肿大(甲肿)率为8.28%(4434/53 541),44个县儿童甲肿率在5%～20%,5个县儿童甲肿率在>20%～30%,3个县儿童甲肿率>30%.儿童智商均值为85.44,智商<70的儿童占16.52%(8713/52 745).儿童尿碘中位数为154.69;μg/L、尿碘<50μg/L的比例为17.26%(9069/52 558),有25个县的儿童尿碘中位数<100μg/L;育龄妇女尿碘中位数为107.14μg/L、尿碘<50μg/L的比例为27.50%(3722/13 534),有46个县家庭主妇尿碘中位数<100μg/L.居民户的碘盐覆盖率为77.85%(13 150/16 891),西藏、海南、青海碘盐覆盖率较低,分别为52.80%(1585/3002)、44.72%(631/1411)、72.82%(1850/2506).西藏、四川、海南、甘肃、青海居民户中>10%的人认为购买碘盐不方便,有71.39%(7652/10 719)的家庭食用土盐,土盐每公斤的平均价格(0.30～1.20元)低于碘盐(1.20～3.00元).结论 碘缺乏病高危地区存在发生地克病和地甲肿的危险,应在这些地区开展碘缺乏病监测,降低碘盐价格,提高碘盐覆盖率,对特需人群要尽快实施应急补碘,建立消除碘缺乏病的长效机制.