Pattern reversal electroretinograms in patients with unilateral idiopathic full thickness macular holes

PURPOSE: To discover the effect of detachment of the posterior vitreous cortex on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) P50 amplitudes in the uninvolved fellow eyes (FE) of patients with macular holes (MH), and to determine the prognostic value of the PERG in identifying the FE of patients with MH that could be at risk for the development of a MH. METHODS: PERGs were recorded using 12' and 46' checkboard stimulus reversing at 5 Hz in 18 patients selected from a cohort of 37 patients with unilateral idiopathic full thickness MH, and in age-matched controls (AMC). Contact lens biomicroscopy with a Goldmann contact lens and kinetic B-scan ultrasonography were performed bilaterally in both patients and AMC. RESULTS: The P50 amplitudes with checks of 12' and 46' were significantly lower in eyes with MH than in the uninvolved FE and AMC. There was a significant reduction in the P50 amplitudes in the FE compared to the AMC with checks of 12', but there was no significant reduction with checks of 46'. In the FE with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) (eleven cases), the P50 amplitudes with checks of 12' were greater than in the eyes without PVD. With checks of 46', there was no significant difference in eyes with and without PVD. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that subclinical macular pathology in the FE of MH probably resulting from vitreous traction can be demonstrated by PERG using small check size stimulus.     

Differentiating full thickness macular holes from impending macular holes and macular pseudoholes

AIMS—The reliability of scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) microperimetry in differentiating full thickness macular holes from macular pseudoholes and impending macular holes was evaluated.
METHODS—106 eyes with the clinical diagnosis of full thickness macular holes, macular pseudoholes, and impending (stage 1) macular holes were examined for the presence of deep or relative scotoma using SLO microperimetry. The relation between these scotomas and the clinical diagnosis was studied.
RESULTS—Deep and relative scotomas were detected in all 57 eyes with clinically defined full thickness macular holes. In contrast, among 49 eyes diagnosed with macular pseudoholes or impending macular holes, no deep and only one relative scotoma was observed. The sensitivity of the presence of a deep scotoma as an indicator of the clinical diagnosis of a full thickness macular hole was 100% (57 of 57), and the specificity was 100% (49 of 49). The sensitivity of the presence of a relative scotoma was 100% (57 of 57) and the specificity was 98.0% (48 of 49).
CONCLUSION—With SLO microperimetry, full thickness macular holes can be precisely and objectively distinguished from other conditions that mimic macular holes.

     

Associations between subjective and objective visual function in patients with unilateral macular holes

Forty-six patients with uniocular macular holes and unaffected, fellow eyes were studied to evaluate inter- and intraocular associations between various objective tests of visual function and perceived visual ability. The affected eye had significant associations between visual acuity (VA) and the fovea threshold test, but for the fellow eye only VA and low-contrast VA 10% were associated. The reduction in visual acuity under low-contrast conditions relative to high-contrast did not differ between the affected eye and the healthy eye. Subjective visual ability seems to depend more on the visual acuity of the affected eye than the healthy eye.     

Iatrogenic eccentric full thickness macular holes following vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic macular holes

PURPOSE: To document a previously unreported complication after vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) for idiopathic macular holes. METHOD: Retrospective review of notes of 232 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy with peeling of the ILM for idiopathic macular holes from 1996 to 2001. Four patients were found to have eccentric iatrogenic macular holes postoperatively. Optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate these holes. RESULTS: The idiopathic macular holes were graded from stages II to IV preoperatively with visual acuities from 6/18 to 6/60. All patients had surgery within 6 months of presentation. They underwent vitrectomy with complete separation of the posterior cortical vitreous, peeling of the ILM, injection of platelets (0.1 ml), and gas tamponade with SF6 20%. Postoperatively the patients postured strictly face down for 10 days. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 6 years. Iatrogenic eccentric macular holes were noted postoperatively. The holes were located between 3 and 6 o'clock in three patients and at 9 o'clock in the fourth patient, relative to the macula. Optical coherence tomography showed them to be full thickness and completely flat. No further intervention was necessary. No complications have arisen during follow-up. COMMENT: To our knowledge iatrogenic eccentric full thickness macular holes after macular hole surgery have never been reported. We believe that the location of the holes represents the initial site of ILM elevation. These holes are asymptomatic, have not required any treatment and have not caused any complications in up to 6 years of follow-up.     

Spontaneous closure of full thickness traumatic macular holes

CASE REPORT: We present case reports of two young patients suffering from full thickness traumatic macular holes resulting in visual impairment of more than 60%. Both showed anatomical and visual improvement whilst waiting for surgical treatment. DISCUSSION: Spontaneous closure of a traumatic macular hole is an unusual outcome. OCT and clinical follow up enabled monitoring of this resolution during a period of a few weeks. Complex surgery was thus avoided by a short observational period.     

Phacovitrectomy without prone posture for full thickness macular holes

AIMS: To investigate the role of phacovitrectomy surgery without prone posture for stage 2 and 3 macular holes. METHODS: A pilot study was performed on 20 patients (20 eyes) having phacoemulsification lens removal and vitrectomy surgery with 20% C(2)F(6) tamponade. Patients were advised to avoid lying on their backs for 10 days following surgery but no other posturing instructions were given. Closure rates and improvement in visual acuity were compared with a group of historical controls in whom phacovitrectomy with gas tamponade and face down posturing was performed. RESULTS: Anatomical hole closure was noted in 18 of the 20 eyes (90%). 19 eyes (95%) showed an improvement of at least 0.3 logMAR units. This compares favourably with the postured group in which anatomical hole closure was noted in 11 of 13 eyes (85%) and nine of 13 eyes (69%) showed an improvement of at least 0.3 logMAR units. CONCLUSION: Combined surgery facilitates the use of a large gas bubble. Sufficient tamponade of the hole occurs for closure without prone posturing. Combined surgery prevents patients posturing and returning for cataract surgery.     

Scanning laser tomography of full thickness idiopathic macular holes

AIM: We used a retinal tomographic analyser to study the profile of the retinal surface in patients with stage 3 and 4 idiopathic macular holes, to attempt to elucidate the direction of forces present. METHODS: The Heidelberg retina tomograph was used to acquire a three-dimensional tomographic image of the macula in each eye of 21 consecutive patients with full thickness macular hole. RESULTS: The surface profile showed an elevated rim around the 24 macular holes imaged, with a gently sloping outside edge and a steeply sloping inside edge. In addition, a ring of elevated tissue around the edge of the hole was observed in all the holes and also in two of the fellow 'normal' eyes. This ring of elevated tissue was presumed to represent a ring of persistent vitreo-retinal traction around the fovea in the presence of a perifoveal posterior vitreous detachment. This is consistent with antero-posterior traction persisting in stage 3 and 4 full thickness macular holes. The mean ring diameter was 480 mum, when present in the fellow eye but was 950 microm in the presence of a macular hole, which we argue is suggestive of centrifugal displacement of retinal tissue on the formation of a stage 3 macular hole and provides evidence for tangential traction. CONCLUSION: We suggest that antero-posterior traction forces are the primary cause of full thickness macular holes, with these forces persisting in stage 3 and 4 macular holes, while tangential forces serve to enlarge the hole at this later stage.     

患单侧特发性全层黄斑裂孔的马来西亚患者脉络膜厚度研究

目的：比较患单侧特发性全层黄斑裂孔(FTMH)眼、对侧眼以及正常对照组黄斑脉络膜厚度。

方法：横断面研究。选取30例单侧特发性全层黄斑裂孔马来西亚患者,以及年龄、性别、种族相匹配的正常对照组。用激光干涉法测量研究对象眼轴长度。利用谱域光学相干层析成像技术获取增强深度成像光学相干断层成像。在黄斑中心凹处,距中心凹1 mm和 2 mm鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方测量脉络膜厚度。采用独立统计分析法、配对样本t-tests、chi-square tests和Pearson相关性检验进行数据分析。

结果：全层黄斑裂孔组平均中心凹脉络膜厚度为201.0±44.0 μm,对侧眼平均为225.3±51.4 μm,对照组为262.3±70.3 μm。相较于对照组,全层黄斑裂孔各部位脉络膜较薄(P<0.05)。对侧眼组除了鼻侧1 mm 和2 mm处,其余地方脉络膜厚度较对照组薄(P<0.05)。全层黄斑裂孔组脉络膜厚度低于对侧眼组,但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。脉络膜厚度通常在中心凹处最高,在鼻侧最低。黄斑中心凹脉络膜厚度与年龄(r=-0.278, P=0.032)和眼轴长度(r=-0.328, P=0.011)呈负相关。

结论：单侧全层黄斑裂孔患眼与对侧眼和健康对照组相比,脉络膜厚度较低。     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性。方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料。所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力（BCVA）;采用德国Zeiss-Humphrey OCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计 进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查。OCT及MP 1检查均以视盘颞侧2个视盘直径（DD）、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查。采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及固视情况。结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性（r＝－0.429, P=0.069）;CMT与MS之间无明显相关性（r＝－0.433,P=0.058）。固视分析中,固视稳定组与固视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义（F=3.262,P=0.039）,中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义（F=3.173, P=0.044）。结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,固视稳定性下降,固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视。     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.     

黄斑水肿患者中心凹厚度与固视性质及平均敏感度相关性研究

目的 观察黄斑水肿(ME)状态下黄斑中心凹厚度与视功能改变之间的相关性.方法 回顾分析应用光相干断层扫描(OCT)联合微视野计(MP-1)检测的ME患者40例42只眼的临床资料.所有患眼均行验光插片,记录最佳矫正视力(BCVA);采用德国Zeiss-HumphreyOCT仪进行OCT检查;意大利Nidek公司MP-1微视野计进行眼底成像、固视检测和视野检查.OCT及MP-1检查均以视盘颢侧2个视盘直径(DD)、下方1/3 DD作为黄斑中心凹进行检查.采用统计学方法对比分析患眼BCVA、中心凹厚度(CMT)、中心10°的光敏感度(MS)以及同视情况.结果 不同病因ME患者中,CMT与BCVA之间无明显相关性(r=-0.429,P=0.069);CMT与MS之间无明显相关性(r=-0.433,P=0.058).固视分析中,固视稳定组与同视不稳定组CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.262,P=0.039),中心注视组与偏心注视组比较,CMT差异有统计学意义(F=3.173,P=0.044).结论 ME患者CMT增加,但与BCVA、MS无相关性;CMT增加,同视稳定性下降.固视位置发生偏移,出现偏心注视.