实习护生自测健康状况与应对方式的相关

目的:探讨某军队医院实习护生自测健康状况与应对方式现状及相关性,为提升护生健康、提高临床教学质量提供参考依据。方法:采取方便抽样,选用一般情况调查表、自测健康评定量表(SRHMS V1.0)、简易应对方式问卷对某军队3级甲等医院242名实习护生实施问卷调查。结果:(1)242名实习护生自测健康总分与3个子量表得分均高于国内常模(t=9.38,P0.01);心理症状与负向情绪、社会支持、身体症状与器官功能3个维度的实际值/理论值均70%,其中得分最低的是心理症状与负向情绪维度;(2)实习护生积极应对方式高于常模(t=8.72,P0.01),消极应对方式低于常模(t=-14.02,P0.01);(3)积极应对方式与自测健康的总分和3个子量表得分呈显著正相关(r=0.322,0.213,0.284,0.288;P0.01),消极应对方式与自测健康的总分和3个子量表得分呈显著负相关(r=-0.311,-0.162,-0.299,-0.292;P0.01)。结论:与常模比较,实习护生自测健康水平较好,但心理症状与负向情绪、社会支持、身体症状与器官功能3个维度的健康状况有待进一步提高。实习护生采取积极应对方式较多,消极应对方式较少,采取积极应对方式越多,健康状况越好。     

高原军人对环境和服役的认知评价与自测健康的关系

目的：探讨高原军人对环境和服役的认知评价与白测健康状况的关系。方法：采用随机整群抽样法，选择驻西藏海拔3000-4000米高度的某部队官兵490名，应用白测健康评定量表以及高原环境和服役认知评价问卷进行调查。结果：高原军人的自测健康水平各因子均分在6.5～7．9之间（满分10分）；对高原军人自测健康影响较大的认知评价项目主要为信息沟通不便（53．6％）、与异性接触少（51．8％）、休闲娱乐单调（48．4％）、卫生保健不便（46．2％）；高原军人认知评价的身心健康影响因子、当前生活影响因子、基本需要影响因子得分与自测健康的生理、心理和社会健康三个子量表得分和总分均呈一定的相关（r值存0．20～0．58之间，P〈0．01）。结论：高原军人的认知评价与其自测健康状况密切相关。     

4～6年级小学生儿童虐待经历与抑郁情绪、睡眠质量的关系

目的:探讨儿童虐待经历与小学生抑郁情绪、睡眠质量的关系。方法:分层抽取重庆市主城3区的9所小学校(重点、普通及农民工小学各3所)的1523名在校4～6年级小学生。运用儿童受虐量表评定小学生的受虐待状况,量表总分中负的分值代表虐待;儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)评定小学生的抑郁情绪,总分≥15分表示有抑郁症状;匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评定小学生的睡眠状况,量表总分>7分表示有睡眠质量问题。共收回有效问卷1417份。结果:小学生虐待、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量问题检出率分别为41.7%、23.2%、26.2%。受虐者的PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、日间功能障碍得分均较非受虐者高(均P<0.05);抑郁者的PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠效率得分较无抑郁者高(均P<0.05)。相关分析显示,PSQI总分和抑郁总分与躯体虐待、言语虐待的总分呈负相关(r=-0.06～-0.72,P<0.05);PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠效率得分与抑郁总分呈正相关(r=0.13～0.14,P<0.01)。结论:小学生受虐待、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量问题的检出率均较高,且受虐程度特别是躯体虐待、言语虐待程度越严重其情绪和睡眠质量也越差,值得学校和家长高度关注。     

不同兵种军人心理健康状况及睡眠质量关联性及影响因素

目的:探讨不同兵种军人心理健康状况及睡眠质量关联性及影响因素。方法:随机选取不同兵种军人2000名,应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)以及症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,分析不同病种军人心理健康、睡眠质量以及两者关联性。结果:不同兵种军人的SCL-90总分以及各因子得分有明显区别(F=12.843,11.519,12.873,11.056,12.843,11.148,12.761,10.005,11.453,10.458,11.228;P0.05);睡眠质量方面,PSQI评分当中日间功能障碍评分最高,其他评分较高的指标包括睡眠障碍、入睡时间以及主观睡眠质量等;不同兵种军人睡眠质量以及心理状况对比方面,野战部队睡眠质量显著低于后勤以及边海防(t=5.732,6.329;P0.05),同时不同军种在PSQI评分以及SCL-90评分方面均存在显著区别(F=11.624,12.059,11.386,10.993,12.115,10.684,11.351,12.016,11.519;P0.05);睡眠质量同心理健康关联性分析方面,PSQI得分同SCL-90得分存在显著正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:不同兵种军人的睡眠质量存在显著区别,同时其睡眠质量同心理健康状况存在密切联系。     

大学生高海拔驻留时间对睡眠质量的影响

目的:考察高海拔缺氧对睡眠质量影响的时间效应,以及焦虑、抑郁情绪对睡眠质量可能存在的影响。方法:采用序列追踪设计,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量量表(PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),追踪测试首次进入高海拔地区(3650米)大学生的睡眠质量和焦虑、抑郁水平,3次测试分别完成于驻留7天、3个月和1年。结果:对于实验组而言,3次测量的PSQI总分存在显著差异(F=3.62,P0.05)。进一步多重比较发现,居住满1年时的PSQI总分显著低于3个月时的PSQI总分(P0.05),其他两两间差异均不显著(P0.05);实验组3次测量的焦虑总分与对应的3个PSQI总分相关均不显著(P0.05);实验组3次测量的抑郁总分与对应的3个PSQI总分相关均不显著(P0.05)。结论:高海拔驻留时间影响睡眠质量,但随着驻留时间的延长,睡眠质量会得到恢复和改善。没有发现焦虑、抑郁情绪对高海拔缺氧环境下的睡眠质量存在影响的证据。     

军人睡眠质量及其影响因素

目的研究军人的睡眠质量,并探索相关影响因素。方法选取驻华东地区陆、海、空军及第二炮兵部队各一部共1887名军人,填写自编一般情况调查表、睡眠卫生习惯量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)。结果 PSQI总分为(5.41±3.09),以PSQI7为睡眠质量不佳的界值,失眠发生率12.5%。年龄(r=0.361,P0.01)、受教育程度(r=0.063,P0.05)、职别(r=0.058,P0.05)、服役时间(r=0.216,P0.01)、大量吸烟(r=0.061,P0.05)、睡前饮酒(r=0.178,P0.01)与PSQI总分相关。进入PSQI总分回归方程的变量为年龄、睡前饮酒(β=0.40,-1.54;P0.05)。结论驻华东地区军人睡眠质量尚可,睡眠质量与年龄、受教育程度、职别、大量吸烟、睡前饮酒相关,其中年龄和睡前饮酒习惯对睡眠质量有预测效应。     

驻西藏高原军人应对特点及与自测健康状况的相关

目的：了解驻西藏高原军人的应对方式特征及其与自测健康状况的关系。方法：采用随机整群抽样法，选择驻西藏某部队官兵490名，应用简易应对方式问卷和自测健康评定量表进行调查。结果：驻西藏高原军人采取积极应对方式的比例（23.3％）高于采取消极应对方式的比例（16.2％），最常采取的应对方式是克制负性情感（36．9％）和自己安慰自己（41.2％）：积极应对方式得分与自测健康的生理、心理、社会子量表得分和总分呈显著正相关，消极应对方式得分与自测健康的生理、心理、社会子量表得分和总分呈显著负相关。结论：不同应对方式对自测健康的影响作用不同，积极应对方式有助于驻西藏高原军人的身心健康，消极应对则有负面影响。     

大学生睡眠质量与健康状况的相关研究

目的了解大学生的睡眠状况,探讨睡眠质量与健康状况之间的相关性,为高校心理健康工作提供参考。方法运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)与36题健康问卷(SF-36)对扬州大学715名学生进行随机调查。结果筛查出睡眠问题发生率为15.8%;PSQI各条目得分存在年级与专业上的差异;睡眠正常被试的健康状况显著好于异常被试(P0.01);PSQI总分与SF-36各维度得分存在极其显著性负相关(P0.01)。结论睡眠问题在大学生群体中占有一定的比率,睡眠问题会影响生理和心理健康,应引起高校心理工作者高度关注。     

高原驻训医护人员睡眠质量和心理健康状况调查

目的:调查参加高原驻训医护人员的睡眠质量和心理健康状况。方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自编一般情况调查表,对参加高原驻训的107名医护人员进行问卷调查。结果:1107名高原驻训医护人员睡眠质量总均分为(5.81±3.20)分,与国内正常人群比较,差异有统计学意义(t=7.78,P0.01);2高原驻训医护人员在睡眠效率(t=3.08,P0.01)和睡眠紊乱(t=2.02,P0.05)两个因子上存在性别上的显著性差异;高原驻训男性医护人员在强迫、人际敏感、忧郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执和精神病性等因子上得分显著高于女性(t=2.08~2.20,P0.05或0.01);3单因素方差分析的结果显示,高原驻训医护人员睡眠质量和心理健康状况在文化程度上均存在显著性差异(F=4.30~5.35,4.68~3.47;P0.05或0.01);4睡眠质量总分与心理健康总分呈显著正相关(r=0.64,P0.01)。结论:某部高原驻训医护人员睡眠质量较一般人群差,且男性睡眠质量和心理健康状况差于女性;高学历高原驻训医护人员睡眠质量和心理健康状况差于低学历人员;睡眠质量与心理健康状况密切相关。     

大学生的睡眠质量与抑郁、焦虑的关系

目的:探讨大学生的睡眠质量与抑郁、焦虑症状严重程度的关系。方法:选取580名大学生,采用匹兹堡睡眠量表(PSQI)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表测试(SAS)分别测查其睡眠质量以及抑郁、焦虑症状严重程度。SDS标准分≥53分为抑郁组,53分为无抑郁组;SAS标准分≥50分为焦虑组,50分为无焦虑组。结果:PSQI总分与SDS得分、SAS得分正相关(r=0.58、0.47,均P0.01)。得到抑郁组39例、无抑郁组488例,焦虑组147例、无焦虑组380例;其中抑郁症状的大学生PSQI总分高于无抑郁症状者[(9.2±2.2)vs.(5.5±2.2),P0.01],有焦虑症状的大学生PSQI总分高于无焦虑症状者[(7.2±2.6)vs.(5.3±2.1),P0.01];且PSQI总分对SDS得分和SAS得分的主效应均有统计学意义(F=22.64、14.00,均P0.01)。PSQI总分与SDS得分正向关联(β=0.58,P0.01),对SDS得分解释率为33.4%;PSQI总分与SAS得分正向关联(β=0.47,P0.01),对SAS得分的解释率为22.1%。结论:大学生睡眠质量是衡量抑郁、焦虑严重程度的重要指标。     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.