马来、中国、印度和尼日利亚四个不同国家人群的泪膜测量分析

目的:比较马来、中国、印度和尼日利亚4个不同人群的无创性泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)、基础泪液分泌量(BTS)和眨眼频率。方法:共纳入120例(男性61例,女性59例)年龄20~39岁健康受试者,其中30例马来人,30例中国人,31例印度人,29例尼日利亚人。根据McMonnies调查问卷和临床检查,挑选了健康受试者。选取受试者右眼评估NIBUT、TBUT、BTS,及眨眼频率。结果:四组人群中NIBUT、TBUT、BTS,及眨眼频率具有显著差异(P=0.018,P=0.001,P=0.011,P=0.004)。不同民族人群性别间NIBUT、TBUT、BTS和眨眼频率差异无统计学意义。相较于其他三组,印度人NIBUT(10±6s),TBUT(7±5s)和BTS(20±20 mm)中位数较高,中国人NIBUT(7.5±4s)和TBUT(4±2s)中位数较低,马来人BTS为9.5±16mm。眨眼频率与NIBUT、TBUT、BTS间无显著相关(r=-0.119,P=0.195),(r=-0.086,P=0.352),(r=-0.123,P=0.180)。结论:研究体现了四个不同国家人群间泪膜测量值的差异性。     

Non‐invasive tear break‐up time in normal Malays

Background : Tear stability in normal Malays with consideration of gender and age has not been reported. In this study, we measured tear stability in normal Malays using the non‐invasive tear break‐up time (NIBUT). Methods : Forty‐eight Malay subjects aged seven to 60 years were recruited from among the staff, their children and students of the faculty. NIBUT was measured by noting the time taken for distortions to appear in a reflected image of a grid pattern formed on the corneal surface. Results : The mean NIBUT of the sample was 15.8 ± 9.4 (SD) seconds. The median was 14.6 seconds with range of 4.2 seconds to 48.6 seconds. The majority (73 per cent) of subjects had NIBUT values between six and 20 seconds. There was no significant difference in NIBUT values between males and females but there was a decrease of NIBUT with age. Conclusion : The NIBUT values found in this study are comparable to those reported for Asian populations but much less than those of Western populations. Our findings point to the need for local clinical studies in contact lens and contact lens‐related research as tear physiology of the local population may not be the same as in Western populations.     

Tear Film and Ocular Surface Evaluation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Dry eye syndrome is one of the complaints of diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tear functions in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using tests: Schirmer, tear break-up time (TBUT), and tear film osmolarity (TFO) tests and the Ocular Surface Disease Index score (OSDI). Methods: Pregnant women with GDM (Group 1, n=46) and healthy pregnant women (Group 2, n=36) were enrolled. Initially, all participants were asked to answer the OSDI and then they underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including Schirmer, TBUT, and TFO tests. The individuals with ocular or systemic disorders that might affect the tear function tests and who were using topical medications were excluded. Results: The results of Schirmer, TBUT, TFO tests and OSDI scores were 11.20±4.93 mm, 5.59±2.16 sec, 309.65±14.80 mOsm/L, and 9.59 ± 9.69 in Group 1, respectively, and 12.33±5.33 mm, 5.67±2.68 sec, 308.36±16.00 mOsm/L, and 10.62±8.66 in Group 2, respectively. There was no significant difference in any of the tear function tests and OSDI scores between the study groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: GDM seems to have no negative effects on tear function tests. This may be due to a lack of duration of hyperglycemia long enough to affect the tear function tests of pregnant women.     

角膜塑形镜对青少年眼表和泪膜的影响

目的：观察夜戴型角膜塑形镜矫正青少年近视对眼表和泪膜的影响及眼表不适症状。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取12～18岁近视患者69例138眼,其中使用框架眼镜者31例,使用角膜塑形镜者38例。分别于戴镜1、3、6、12mo时进行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)和眼表染色评分(Oxford法),检测泪膜破裂时间(TBUT)、非接触性泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)及基础泪液分泌量。

结果：与框架眼镜组和戴镜前比较,戴镜后各时间点角膜塑形镜组患者OSDI评分升高,TBUT和NIBUT均降低,且戴镜6、12mo时角膜塑型镜组患者眼表染色评分均高于框架眼镜组(均P<0.05),但戴镜前后两组患者基础泪液分泌量无明显差异(P>0.05)。

结论：角膜塑形镜会导致OSDI和眼表染色评分轻度升高,影响泪膜稳定性,应加强眼表和泪膜情况的戴镜前检查和随访,重视患者的不适主诉。     

Association between tear film break up time and blink interval in visual display terminal users

AIM: To investigate the association between tear film break up time (TBUT) and blinking interval in visual display terminal (VDT) users. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty VDT users underwent dry eye testing, and functional visual acuity (FVA) test. The blinking interval during FVA was compared with TBUT. Subjects with longer blinking interval than TBUT were considered as unstable tear film. Logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for unstable tear group. RESULTS: Among 930 workers, 858 subjects (92.3%) participated in this study. Almost 80% of the subjects were categorized into the unstable tear group. Unstable tear group has significantly lower Schirmer values and TBUT (17.5±11.6 vs 21.1±11.5 mm, 3.7±2.6 vs 5.7±2.7s, both P<0.001). There were no significant differences in epithelial staining or severity of symptoms. Logistic regression showed that over 40y was a risk for being unstable tear group [odds ratio (OR)=1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.20]. Contact lens use was protective factor for being in the unstable tear group (OR=0.37; 95%CI= 0.26-0.53). CONCLUSION: Subjects with shorter TBUT than blinking interval are prevalent among VDT users. Subjects over the age of 40 shows an increased risk for unstable tear film.     

地夸磷索钠联合玻璃酸钠改善配戴角膜塑形镜后的泪膜稳定性

目的：探究地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液对改善角膜塑形镜配戴后的泪膜稳定性的作用。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取2022-03/08于安徽爱尔眼科医院门诊就诊的初次配戴角膜塑形镜患者82例82眼(均取右眼数据),根据随机数字表法分为玻璃酸钠组(玻钠组)30眼、地夸磷索钠组(地夸组)24眼和地夸磷索钠联合玻璃酸钠组(联合组)28眼,各组患者均配戴同一品牌的角膜塑形镜。每位患者分别在配戴角膜塑形镜前,配戴后1 d,1 wk,1 mo进行非接触式泪膜破裂时间(NIBUT)、非接触式泪河高度(NITMH)和脂质层厚度检查,并记录患者是否有角膜点染。

结果：联合组与地夸组治疗1 mo的NITMH与NIBUT较配戴前升高(均P<0.05)。配戴1 mo,联合组的NIBUT和NITMH分别为19.74±3.29 s和0.30±0.05 mm,均优于地夸组(NIBUT：16.09±2.98 s,NITMH：0.22±0.08 mm)和玻钠组(NIBUT：15.67±3.90 s,NITMH：0.22±0.04 mm)(均P<0.01)。各组间脂质层厚度均无明显差异(均P>0.05)。各组患者角膜点染发生率无明显区别(P>0.05)。

结论：地夸磷索钠滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液在配戴角膜塑形镜后1 mo对改善NIBUT和NITMH有更佳的效果,有效提高配戴角膜塑形镜患者的泪膜稳定性。     

Relation between tear breakup time and spontaneous blink rate

Blinking plays an important role in maintaining corneal integrity by spreading of the tear film. Although there are studies reporting on blink rate and tear stability, a consensus has not been reached. Therefore, the blink rate and tear breakup time (TBUT) test were performed in 159 healthy young females. The mean TBUT and blink rate values observed were 18.9 seconds and 18.6 blinks/min, respectively. A significant correlation (r = 0.74, p < 0.05) between TBUT and blink rate was found. These results demonstrate that blink rate may be dependent on TBUT, at least among subjects with TBUT less than 19 seconds. Thus, blink rate may depend not only on cortical stimuli but also on the stability of the tear film.     

The influence of religious fasting on basal tear secretion and tear break-up time

Muslims abstain from food and drink from dawn to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. An extended strict fasting may influence tear secretion and quality. We investigated changes in basal tear secretion (BTS) and tear break-up time (BUT) at the beginning and at the end of fasting on 32 healthy male patients with a mean age of 22.3 ± 2.9 years. Body weight and urine specific gravity were also determined to assess the extent of dehydration due to fasting. Each case lost 0.1–1.25 kg of body weight while urine specific gravity changes were statistically insignificant. Mean BTS amount was 19.9 ± 10.9 mm at the initial examination and 19.7 ± 11.5 mm at the end of fasting (p=0.9). BUT values were 20.1 ± 9.3 sec at the beginning of fasting and 23.5 ± 14.9 sec at the end of fasting (p=0.19). We found that religious fasting in the winter season does not seem to affect BTS and BUT values in healthy individuals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

强迫睁眼对健康人群非侵入性泪膜破裂时间的影响

目的：观察健康人群强迫睁眼前后Oculus 眼表综合分析仪所测非侵入性泪膜破裂时间和干眼分级有无差异。

方法：前瞻性病例自身对照研究。40例志愿者接受此项检查,分别于强迫睁眼前后行Oculus眼表综合分析仪非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(non-invasive first tear film break-up time,NIBUT_f)和非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(non-invasive average tear film break-up time,NIBUT_av)检查,仪器自动进行干眼分级。首次检查先右眼后左眼,第二次检查先左眼后右眼。

结果：首次检查眼(即强迫睁眼前)NIBUT_f均值为9.18±5.52s、 NIBUT_av均值为11.74±5.59s,干眼各级所占百分比分别为 43%、37%、20%; 第二检查眼(强迫睁眼后)NIBUT_f均值为8.91±5.54s, NIBUT_av均值为11.76±5.58s, 干眼各级所占百分比分别为 35%、48%、16%。健康人群强迫睁眼前后双眼NIBUT_f 、NIBUT_av和干眼分级比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.37,P=0.72; t=-0.038,P=0.97; Z=-0.42,P=0.68)。

结论：健康人群强迫睁眼前后眼表综合分析仪所测非侵入性泪膜破裂时间和干眼分级无影响。     

单侧翼状胬肉患者50例泪液功能的改变(英文)

目的:检测泪液功能试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)及泪膜破裂时间(tear filmbreak-up time,TBUT)在翼状胬肉患者中的改变。方法:筛选50例患者(100眼,50例翼状胬肉眼),行SⅠt及TBUT试验。结果:SⅠt试验在翼状胬肉眼的平均值为19.6±11.6 (1 ～40) mm,对照眼为17.2±10.6(1 ～35)mm,翼状胬肉眼中20例(40%)SⅠt试验结果异常,对照眼为21例(42%),其差异无统计学意义(P=075)。两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.453,P=0.15)。TBUT在翼状胬肉眼及对照眼中分别为7.4±5.1 ( 2 ～20)s, 13.4±6.1 (2 ～25)s,两组间的差异有显著统计学意义(t=8.029,P<0.01)。翼状胬肉眼中TBUT异常的为39眼(78%),对照眼中为16眼(32%);差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:与对照眼相比较,SⅠt试验在翼状胬肉眼中差异无统计学意义,TBUT在翼状胬肉眼中有所下降。     

The effect of vertical gaze position on ocular tear film stability

Background: An enlarged exposed ocular surface area is known to degrade tear film stability. Little is known of how tear film stability alters with vertical gaze and the change of palpebral fissure height Methods: Tear film break‐up time (TBUT; fluorescent dye) and palpebral fissure height were measured in three vertical gaze positions (primary position and 20 degrees up and 20 degrees down) on 23 healthy volunteers. The effect of gaze direction on TBUT was analysed by ANOVA. Results: Gaze had a significant influence on tear film stability [F(2,44) = 27.6, p < 0.001]. In up‐gaze with an enlarged palpebral fissure height (11.1 ± 1.4 mm), TBUT was degraded (17.3 ± 12.7 seconds). In down‐gaze and decreased palpebral fissure height (6.7 ± 1.2 mm) TBUT was extended (43.5 ± 35.4 seconds). Conclusion: Ocular tear film stability alters with vertical gaze. Our hypothesis is that the change of the palpebral fissure height and the exposed ocular surface area alters the thickness of the lipid layer and with it tear film evaporation.     

Relationship between goblet cell density and tear function tests

AIM: The objective of this study was to find a relationship between goblet cell density (GCD) and other diagnostic tests of dry eye in a group of normal healthy Chinese subjects. The capability of using GCD as a tear function test was assessed. METHOD: A total of 42 optometry students with no contact lens wear history were recruited. Subjects were required to fill in a dry eye questionnaire. The non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) of each subject was measured, followed by phenol red thread test (PRTT) and tear break-up time (TBUT) tests. Conjunctival epithelial cells from the inferior nasal bulbar conjunctiva were harvested by the impression cytology technique. The specimens collected were labelled and stained with PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)-haematoxylin. The goblet cells and the conjunctival epithelial cells were counted under a light microscope of 100x magnification. Spearman's rho (rho) correlation test was used to analyse the relationship between GCD and the other tear function tests. RESULTS: With a probability level of 0.0051 (corrected for a cumulative familywise error rate of p = 0.05), GCD was found to have no correlation with NITBUT (rho = -0.193, p = 0.222), McMonnies Dry Eye Scores (MCDES) (rho = -0.052, p = 0.742), PRTT (rho = - 0.188, p = 0.234) and TBUT (rho = 0.246, p = 0.117). CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between GCD and MCDES, NITBUT, PRTT and TBUT. The GCD alone is not a useful diagnostic test for tear film instability in normal eyes although it is a good indicator in the diagnosis of ocular surface diseases.     

不同设备评估配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜后泪膜质量的变化

目的：采用2种不同干眼检查设备评估患者配戴夜戴型角膜塑形镜后泪膜质量的变化。方法：前瞻性临床研究。选取2016年1月至2017年10月于中国医科大学附属第四医院眼科就诊并验配角膜塑形镜的患者共计118例，选取右眼数据用于统计。年龄8～18（11.8±2.5）岁。应用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪观察患者在戴镜前及戴镜后1、3、6个月的泪河高度（TMH）、非侵入首次泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT（f）]和平均泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT（av）]； 同时应用DR-1型干眼仪测量患者戴镜后不同时间点泪膜脂质层光干涉图像。采用重复测量方差分析和Pearson相关分析进行数据统计。结果：TMH：戴镜后1、3、6个月与戴镜前比较差异均无统计学意义。NIBUT（f）和NIBUT（av）：戴镜后1个月的泪膜破裂时间和戴镜前比较明显缩短（均P<0.001），之后各时间点和戴镜前比较差异无统计学意义。泪膜脂质层分级：配戴角膜塑形镜后1个月较戴镜前有明显下降（P<0.001），之后各时间点与戴镜前比较差异无统计学意义。泪膜脂质层分级与泪膜破裂时间[NIBUT（f）、NIBUT（av）]之间具有相关性（r=-0.145，P=0.011；r=-0.147，P=0.019）。结论：青少年患者配戴角膜塑形镜后泪液的分泌量未受影响，但在早期降低了泪膜稳定性，随时间延长可逐渐恢复。Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪和DR-1型干眼仪可从不同层面上辅助干眼疾病的诊断。     

Association between the levels of prostaglandin E2 in tears and severity of dry eye

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in tears and dry eye disease severity based on both clinical symptoms and signs. METHODS: Tear samples were collected from 36 non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye patients (10 males and 26 females, mean age 50.11±11.17y). All participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including, tear film breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, and meibomian gland assessment. The level of PGE2 in tears was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The independent associations between tear PGE2 levels and other variables including demographics, OSDI scores, TBUT, Schirmer scores, ocular surface staining scores, and stage of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) were evaluated using linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean PGE2 level in tears of dry eye patients was 537.85±234.02 pg/mL. The tear PGE2 levels significantly positively correlated with OSDI scores (R=0.608, P<0.001), however, they did not significantly associate with TBUT (R=0.153, P=0.373), Schirmer scores (R=-0.098, P=0.570), ocular surface staining scores (R=0.282, P=0.095), and stage of MGD (R=-0.107, P=0.535). Male sex was significantly negatively correlated with tear PGE2 levels. CONCLUSION: The levels of PGE2 in tears are positively correlated with dry eye symptoms. However, no significant association was found between tear PGE2 levels and the results of other common dry eye diagnostic tests.     

Effects of diquafosol sodium in povidone iodine-induced dry eye model

AIM: To investigate the effects of diquafosol sodium (DQS) for dry eye model induced with povidone-iodine (PI) solution. METHODS: Ten Sprague Dawley rats as the control group. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish the dry eye model with stimulation of 10 g/L PI for 14d, then divided rats into three groups: dry eye group with no treatment (DED group, n=10); phosphate buffer saline treated group (PBS group, n=10); diquafosol treated group (DQS group, n=10). Clinical changes were observed by tear production test, fluorescein staining, tear break-up time (TBUT) test, corneal confocal microscope and ocular surface comprehensive analyzer. Eyeballs were collected on day 10 of treatment for hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and alcian blue staining. TUNEL assay, polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mucin 1 (MUC1) immunofluorescence were performed and corneal ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy. RESULTS: Compared with DED and PBS groups, tear production (7.26±0.440 vs 4.07±0.474 mm; 7.26±0.440 vs 3.74±0.280 mm; all P<0.01) and TBUT (7.37±0.383s vs 1.49±0.260s; 7.37±0.383s vs 1.42±0.437s; all P<0.01) were significantly increased in DQS group. HE, PAS, and alcian blue staining and MUC1 immunofluorescence showed mucins and conjunctival goblet cells density (8.45±0.718 vs 5.21±0.813 cells/0.1 mm2; 8.45±0.718 vs 5.36±0.615 cells/0.1 mm2; all P<0.01) increased in DQS group. Confocal microscopy, PMN immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining showed inflammatory infiltration and corneal epithelial cells apoptosis decreased in DQS group. The increased number of microvilli in corneal epithelial and the recovered cell junction were observed in DQS group. CONCLUSION: PI instillation can induce goblet cells and mucin loss, epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation, which are consistent with the pathological manifestations of dry eye. Diquafosol can repair the ocular surface damage caused by PI, reduce corneal inflammation, inhibit corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, promote mucin secretion and maintain tear film stability.     

The relation between physical properties of the anterior eye and ocular surface temperature.

PURPOSE: To examine the relation between ocular surface temperature (OST) assessed by dynamic thermal imaging and physical parameters of the anterior eye in normal subjects. METHODS: Dynamic ocular thermography (ThermoTracer 7102MX) was used to record body temperature and continuous ocular surface temperature for 8 s after a blink in the right eyes of 25 subjects. Corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were assessed using Orbscan II; noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT) was assessed using the tearscope; slit lamp photography was used to record tear meniscus height (TMH) and objective bulbar redness. RESULTS: Initial OST after a blink was significantly correlated only with body temperature (r=0.80, p<0.0005), NIBUT (r=-0.68, p<0.005) and corneal curvature (r=-0.40, p=0.05). A regression model containing all the variables accounted for 70% (p=0.002) of the variance in OST, of which NIBUT (29%, p=0.004), and body temperature (18%, p=0.005) contributed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The results support previous theoretical models that OST radiation is principally related to the tear film; and demonstrate that it is less related to other characteristics such as corneal thickness, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth.     

双通道视觉质量分析系统对干眼症的诊断价值

目的：观察双通道视觉质量分析系统（OQAS-II）在干眼分析中的客观散射指数（OSI）与泪液稳定性之 间的相关性。方法：系列病例研究。选取2018年5月至2019年5月于杭州西湖之江眼科医院就诊的干 眼患者30例（60眼）。记录荧光素染色下的泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）、表面麻醉下泪液分泌实验（SⅠT）、 角膜荧光素染色。同时采用OQAS-II记录患者的基础OSI（Basic OSI）、20 s内自然眨眼状态下的平均 OSI（Mean OSI1）、20 s内不眨眼状态下的平均OSI（Mean OSI2）,并计算Mean OSI1、Mean OSI2 与 Basic OSI之间的差值（分别记录为ΔOSI1、ΔOSI2）。采用Spearman秩相关分析Basic OSI、Mean OSI1、Mean OSI2、ΔOSI1、ΔOSI2等与BUT的相关性。结果：所有患者TBUT为0.93～7.05（2.56± 1.02）s,SⅠT为（11.33±7.93）mm/5 min,60 眼中4 眼出现角膜荧光素染色阳性。Basic OSI中位数为 0.60（0.40,1.28）,Mean OSI1 为1.22（0.68,2.22）,Mean OSI2 为2.18（1.13,2.85）,经计算ΔOSI1 为0.41（0.25,1.01）,ΔOSI2 为1.13（0.48,2.30）。ΔOSI1、ΔOSI2 均与BUT呈负相关（r=-0.276, P=0.033;-0.305,P=0.018）,余指标与BUT无相关性。结论：OQAS-II系统提供的干眼分析功能在 干眼症的诊断中能够起一定的辅助作用,在一定程度上能反映泪膜稳定性及视觉质量的变化。采用 OQAS-II检测泪膜稳定性时,应嘱咐患者尽量不要眨眼,提供的结果才更有参考价值。     

Preliminary tear film measurements of tolerant and non-tolerant contact lens wearers

Background : The relationship between contact lens intolerance and tear stability, tear quantity, distribution and consistency has yet to be clearly established. In this study, we have examined the tear film of several tolerant and non-tolerant soft contact lens wearers. We aimed to develop a number of clinical and biochemical techniques to establish a correlation between one or more factors leading to contact lens intolerance. Methods : Subjects were separated by their self-described tolerance to contact lens wear. Five tolerant and five non-tolerant subjects were chosen. A McMonnies symptomatology questionnaire was used to ascertain subject history, while non-invasive tear break-up time (TBUT) examined tear stability. Basal tear collection was performed using glass capillary tubes, the tear flow rate was measured and one dimensional gel electrophoresis used to analyse protein differences. Results : Non-tolerant subjects experienced primary symptoms, such as dryness and grittiness, more often than tolerant subjects (p = 0.007). The TBUT of non-tolerant lens wearers was also reduced (average of seven seconds) compared to tolerant lens wearers (p < 0.002). Tolerant lens wearers had a longer more stable tear film with an average TBUT of 20 seconds and this correlated with a fast tear flow rate (p < 0.04). Protein gel electrophoresis showed that some subjects who were non-tolerant to lens wear had variations in their tear protein profiles compared to tolerant subjects. Conclusion : These preliminary results demonstrate that clinical and biochemical tear profiles can be used to differentiate subjects with good lens wear tolerance from those who may be non-tolerant to lens wear.     

超声乳化白内障吸除术后泪膜的变化及与角膜知觉的关系

目的探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术对泪膜的影响及与角膜知觉的关系。设计病例系列观察研究。研究对象连续选取行超声乳化白内障吸除术的老年性白内障患者56例(64眼)。方法分别于术前、术后1、3、7、14、30及90天对患者行非侵犯性泪膜破裂时间(noninvasivebreakuptime,NIBUT)、泪液分泌试验(Schirmertest)、上方及中央角膜知觉测定和主观干眼感觉评分调查。主要指标Schirmer值、NIBUT值、角膜知觉和主观干眼感觉评分。结果术后14天前,NIBUT、上方及中央角膜知觉与术前相比明显缩短(14天时t=3.10,t=3.31,t=2.89;P=0.010,P=0.004,P=0.016),术后1个月后,上述指标恢复至术前水平(P>0.05)。术后1、3天时,Schirmer值明显升高(t=-3.69,t=-2.41;P=0.001,P=0.022),术后7天后恢复至术前水平(P>0.05)。主观干眼感觉评分值在术后1、3、7天时明显升高(t=-4.12,t=-2.95,t=-2.53;P=0.000,P=0.006,P=0.020),术后14天后恢复至术前水平(P>0.05)。与角膜知觉的相关性分析表明,NIBUT与上方及中央角膜知觉呈正相关,r=0.042、r=0.010,P=0.000、P=0.009。Schirmer值与上方角膜知觉呈正相关,r=0.030,P=0.009,但与中央角膜知觉无明显关系(r=0.003,P=0.582)。主观干眼感觉评分值与角膜知觉之间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论超声乳化白内障吸除术可影响泪膜的稳定性和泪液分泌,并导致患者术后角膜知觉降低和干眼等不适。泪膜的稳定性、泪液分泌和相应的角膜知觉值之间具有正相关性。     

Assessment of Tear Functions in Patients with Acne Rosacea without Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Purpose: To evaluate the results of tear functions in acne rosacea.

Methods: This prospective study includes 64 eyes of 32 acne rosacea patients without blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction and 90 eyes of 45 patients as control group. Tear functions of all were evaluated with ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, and measurements of tear osmolarity were performed by using TearLab, Schirmer I tests without anesthesia and fluorescein tear break-up time (TBUT).

Results: The mean Schirmer test result was 12.53 ± 6.54 in study group and 16.21 + 7.52 mm/5 min in control group (p = 0.28). The mean TBUT in study group was 8.21 ± 4.01 and in control group was 18.03 ± 6.45 s (p = 0.02). Mean tear osmolarity in study group was 304.77 ± 15.59and in control group was 275.23 + 28.52 mOsms/L (p = 0.03). Mean OSDI score in study group was 27.51 ± 16.73 and was 18.15 ± 7.05 in control group (p = 0.38).

Conclusions: Our study demonstrated lower dry eye tests before the appearance of clinical signs of meibomian gland disease in acne rosacea.