显微手术切除脑干海绵状血管瘤

目的 探讨显微手术切除腩十海绵状血管瘤的时机、方法和预后.方法 回顾性分析显微手术切除及病理证实的10例脑干内海绵状血管瘤的临床资料.所有病例均行CT及MRI检查.海绵状血管瘤位丁中脑1例、桥脑7例、延髓2例.采用颞下入路切除中脑海绵状血管瘤1例;乙状窦后入路切除桥腑海绵状血管瘤3例;枕下中线经第四脑室入路切除延髓海绵状血管瘤2例、桥脑海绵状血管瘤4例.采用GOS分级对于术结果进行评估.结果 显微镜下将肿瘤全切,无手术死亡.10例患者均获得随访,随访时间3-48个月(平均18.5个月).术后3个月GOS分级:Ⅴ级5例,Ⅳ级5例;术后1年GOS分级:Ⅴ级8例,Ⅳ级2例.无再出血者.结论 显微外科手术是治疗脑干内海绵状血管瘤的有效方法,远期效果满意.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法搜集60例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料,CT检查37例,MRI检查53例,CT和MRI检查30例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤57例,经手术病理证实42例,影像资料典型15例,经伽玛刀治疗随访证实;脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例,均经手术病理治疗证实。结果脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,无明显占位效应,周围无或轻度水肿。CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影32例,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI检查T2WI表现为"桑葚状"混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化。脑外型病灶位于中颅窝、鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1、明显长T2信号,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化。结论脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI优于CT像,特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法搜集60例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料，CT检查37例，MRI检查53例，CT和MRI检查30例，其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤57例，经手术病理证实42例，影像资料典型15例，经伽玛刀治疗随访证实；脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例，均经手术病理治疗证实。结果脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位，单发病灶多见，无明显占位效应，周围无或轻度水肿。CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影32例，增强扫描大都无强化；MRI检查T2WI表现为“桑葚状”混杂高信号，周围有云絮状低信号环，增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化。脑外型病灶位于中颅窝、鞍旁，MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1、明显长T2信号，增强扫描呈明显均匀强化。结论脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征，MRI优于CT像，特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

幕上海绵状血管瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的 探讨幕上海绵状血管瘤的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性分析17例幕上海绵状血管瘤的CT和MR表现,全部病例行显微手术治疗,合并癫癎者借助术中脑皮层电图监测同时切除致癎灶。结果 所有病例均应用显微外科手术完整切除病灶。术后病理检查均证实为海绵状血管瘤,11例合并癫癎者同时切除致癎灶,2例行前颞叶切除,随访1-12个月均无癫癎发作。结论 MRI是诊断该病的理想方法,手术治疗效果满意。     

神经导航显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤

目的探讨神经导航显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤的临床价值。方法应用美国枢法模公司的Stealth Station神经导航系统辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤17例。结果17例术后复查CT或MRI,显示病灶全切除,患者临床症状均改善,无其它重要神经功能受损表现,无手术并发症及死亡患者。结论神经导航辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤具有定位准确、动态示踪、微侵袭、安全可靠等特点,有助于缩短手术时间、提高病灶的切除率及降低手术并发症的发生。     

神经导航辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤（附10例报告）

目的探讨神经导航辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤的临床价值。方法应用Brain LAB公司的Vector Vision神经导航系统辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤10例。结果术后10例近期复查CT或MRI证实病灶全切除率均为100％，患者临床症状均改善，无其它重要神经功能受损表现，无手术并发症及死亡。结论神经导航辅助显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤具有定位准确、动态示踪、微侵袭、安全可靠等特点，有助于缩短手术时间、提高病灶的切除率及降低手术并发症的发生。     

脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤的临床分析

目的分析总结脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤的诊断和治疗特点。方法回顾性分析1997年1月至2007年10月收治的18例髓内型海绵状血管瘤患者的临床特征、诊断和治疗方法。结果18例患者均行手术治疗，15例达到镜下全切除，3例次全切除。术后症状改善14例，其中9例改善明显；无变化4例；无手术死亡病例。术后切除的组织经病理检查均证实为海绵状血管瘤。结论MRI检查是确诊脊髓髓内海绵状血管瘤的最可靠手段。该病一经明确诊断，就应早期根治切除。术中精细的显微操作是手术取得良好效果的关键。     

脑干海绵状血管瘤的显微外科治疗(附10例报告)

目的分析脑干海绵状血管瘤的显微外科治疗方法和预后。方法显微手术切除脑干海绵状血管瘤10例,病灶位于桥脑8例,延髓2例。6例桥脑、延髓背侧的海绵状血管瘤,采用枕下正中经四脑室底入路切除; 4例桥脑外侧和腹外侧的海绵状血管瘤,采用枕下乙状窦后入路切除。结果病灶均镜下全切除,病理证实为海绵状血管瘤。4例患者术后症状明显改善,5例患者出现不同程度并发症,在1周至3个月内恢复,1例患者术后因肺内感染死亡。患者术后随访3-58个月,复查MRI均未发现病灶复发,无其他并发症出现。结论在正确选择适应证的前提下,脑干海绵状血管瘤的显微外科治疗效果良好。     

立体定向显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤(附23例报告)

目的总结CT引导立体定向显微手术切除脑内海绵状血管瘤的临床经验。方法回顾分析2006年1月至2011年12月应用CT引导立体定向辅助显微手术切除23例海绵状血管瘤患者的临床资料。结果所有患者均达到精确定位,在显微镜下全切除病灶。术后随访3~12个月,所有患者症状较术前明显改善;11例表现为癫痫患者中,10例得到控制,1例需药物控制;术后无新发癫痫病例。结论 CT引导立体定向手术治疗颅内海绵状血管瘤,安全性高,并发症少,具有较大的临床适用性。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断与显微外科治疗

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断与显微手术治疗效果。方法分析32例（34个病灶）颅内海绵状血管瘤病人的临床表现、影像学特征、手术治疗及预后。病人术前均行头颅M刚和（或）CT检查,单发病灶30例,多发病灶2例。主要临床表现为头痛、癫痫及神经功能障碍。均行最微外科手术。结果全切除33个病灶,部分切除1个病灶,术前诊断均与病理相符。15例伴癫痫者术中均予皮质脑电监测,根据术中发现行扩大切除5例,皮质热灼3例;术后达EngelI级14例,EngelⅡ级1例,术后无新发癫痫病例。24例随访3—26个月,均未发现复发病例。结论影像技术的进步使颅内海绵状血管瘤的术前诊断率大大提高。颅内海绵状血管瘤可通过显微手术切除获得良好疗效。伴有癫痫者需行术中皮质脑电监测并根据术中发现决定手术策略。     

脑内海绵状血管瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的探讨CT及MRI对脑内海绵状血管瘤(cavernous angiomas,CA)的表现和诊断价值。方法收集资料完整经手术病理证实的36例脑内CA患者的CT及MRI资料,重点分析其影像表现特征。结果 CA可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,周围无或轻度水肿,无占位效应,CT平扫为稍高密度影,钙化占68.7%,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI表现为桑椹状混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶大都无强化。结论脑内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现有特异性,MRI对脑实质内CA的检出率优于CT,特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤（CA）的诊断和手术治疗方法。方法 回顾分析我院过去12年经手术证实的82例颅内CA病人的临床资料。结果 主要临床表现为：病灶外出血、癫痫、头痛和局限性神经功能缺损。76例经显微外科手术6获全切,74例临床症状改善或消失。结论 显微外科治疗颅内CA效果良好,MR是诊断颅内CA的最敏感方法。     

De novo development of intracranial cavernous angioma

We report on the de novo development of intracranial cavernous angiomas. The patient is a 16-year-old boy with multiple cavernous angiomas who has experienced four episodes of intracerebral haemorrhage. Our investigations suggest that repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for routine follow-up monitoring.     

Intracerebral cavernous angiomas

We studied 31 patients with histologically verified intracerebral cavernous angiomas. Twenty-two patients were symptomatic; nine were asymptomatic. All 22 symptomatic patients had seizures, three had intracranial hemorrhage, and one had signs of a space-occupying lesion. Twenty-seven lesions were located in the neocortex, three in the brainstem, and one in the cerebellum; all exhibited characteristic gross and microscopic features of cavernous angiomas. CT identified the location and extent of the lesion in 16 of 27 cases. Six of seven lesions demonstrated contrast enhancement, and ten of 27 scans harbored densities consistent with intracerebral calcium. Angiography was performed in 17 cases and was completely normal in eight. MRI revealed mixed signal intensity centrally with a ring of decreased signal intensity peripherally on T2-weighted images and was diagnostic in five cases. Surgical treatment offers an excellent prognosis for seizure control in patients with such lesions.     

Management of cerebral cavernous angiomas in children presenting with seizures

Until recently intracranial cavernous angiomas were thought to be rare vascular malformations that usually presented in adulthood as an intracerebral hemorrhage, an expanding mass lesion, or with the new onset of seizures. Prior to the advent of computed tomography (CT), and more recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their diagnosis in childhood was extremely rare. However, the CT and MRI features of cavernous angioma are quite distinctive and allow early diagnosis and treatment. Advances in surgical techniques permit successful removal of these potentially devastating lesions and amelioration of the associated seizure disorder. Seven children with cerebral cavernous angiomas have been treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center since 1980. Six children presented with seizures and one with an intracerebral hemorrhage. All had characteristic findings on CT and/or MRI and underwent surgical excision of symptomatic lesions. Intraoperative sonography, electrocorticography, and cortical mapping were used when indicated and were found to be helpful in the surgical management of these patients. Our experience suggests that symptomatic cerebral cavernous angiomas in children are not as rare as previously thought and that surgical treatment using modern neurosurgical techniques is both safe and appropriate and can be helpful in the management of associated seizures.     

脑干海绵状血管瘤影像学

目的：结合临床表现特点，对４８例有组织学结果的脑干海绵状血管瘤的影像学表现进行分析。方法：４８例依发作方式分为两种类型。一类表现为突然发作的颅神经及传导束症状，部分为反复类似发作；另一种为静止性发作。所有病人均进行了ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查。并通过手术得到病理证实。结果：所有病例ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ均表现出海绵状血管瘤的特点。在非增强ＣＴ扫描表现为等或稍高密度，在增强ＣＴ扫描，病灶表现为轻至中度强化，水肿及占位效应均不明显。ＭＲＩ扫描表现为高信号或混杂信号，代表不同时相的出血及胶质样变。部分病例可见典型的桑椹样或网络样结构。除１８例病灶位于延髓或中脑外，大多病灶位于桥脑。３例在梯度回波扫描可见多发病灶。有１例组织学可见海绵状血管瘤的血管腔内存在弹性纤维；４例可见引流静脉及供血动脉。结论：桥脑是脑干海绵状血管瘤最常见部位；影像学特别是ＭＲＩ表现与病程及病变构成有关；部分组织病理学具有与其它血管畸形重叠的特点。手术彻底切除病灶对防止复发非常重要。     

Cavernous angioma as a rare neuroradiologic finding in the cavernous sinus

We report the case of a 56-year-old female with a pathologically confirmed cavernous angioma of the cavernous sinus. There are only a few reports on cavernous sinus angiomas in the literature. In contrast to typical intracerebral cavernous angiomas, these lesions are characterized by strong contrast enhancement on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In spite of the problematic location within the cavernous sinus, these angiomas can be completely resected without additional neurologic deficits. The clinical course of the patient and the unusual neuroradiologic imaging findings, as well as the cases from the literature are discussed.     

Cavernous angiomas in the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations

Cavernous angiomas, although rare, represent a clinical and a neuroradiological challenge in the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular malformations. We report about three cases with a total of seven cavernous angiomas. Clinical features include intracerebral hemorrhage, epileptic seizures and focal neurological signs. Diagnosis is based on typical findings in MRI in combination with an angiography presenting a normal vascular situation or an avascular mass lesion, whereas CT-scan shows nonspecific features. Surgical removal is generally recommended, but could not be done in our cases. A histological verification of a clinically typical diagnosis is not mandatory. Indication for proton beam irradiation still has to be discussed. A definite therapeutical approach will have to consider the natural history in a larger number of cases.