脑结核瘤的临床分析及文献回顾

目的 :分析脑结核瘤的临床特点 ,提高临床诊断准确率及治疗效果。方法 :结合文献对 1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 :该例脑内结核瘤粟粒样分布 ,病灶多达 15个以上 ,同时累及大脑、小脑及脑干 ,抗结核治疗后病灶缩小 ,数目明显减少。结论 :脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床特点、影像学表现及抗痨效果综合判定。药物治疗是有效的 ,但需长程、规则。     

多发性脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附4例报告)

目的探讨多发性脑结核瘤的临床特点及诊疗方案。方法回顾性分析4例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果多发性脑结核瘤多以头痛、呕吐等颅内高压症状为主要临床表现,可伴随发热及癫痫发作,常伴有颅外结核。4例患者均给予四联抗结核治疗,其中3例联合鞘内注射,临床疗效显著。结论多发性脑结核瘤的诊断需结合临床表现、影像学检查、脑脊液化验及抗结核疗效等综合分析,对临床疑似病例,应积极试验性正规抗结核治疗,必要时手术摘除病灶,联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可能取得更好的疗效。     

脑结核瘤的诊断及治疗(附17例报告)

目的探讨脑结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001年1月至2011年6月17例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果依据结核病史或身体其他部位结核病灶,颅内压增高、癫痫和/或伴有脑膜刺激征等临床表现,头颅CT或MR呈现"靶征"样表现者,结合脑脊液等检查,12得以明确诊断,5例术前误诊为其他病变术后病理证实为结核瘤。17例患者中手术切除病灶11例,其中6例术前得以明确诊断;另6例采用药物治疗,病灶多可在1～3个月内缩小,3～12个月内消失。所有患者行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访3个月至1.5年未见复发。结论脑结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗

目的提高脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平.方法回顾性分析14例脑结核瘤的临床表现、诊断方式和手术疗效.结果13例全切除,1例全切加减压,术后均予正规的抗结核药物治疗.除1例死亡外,其余全部治愈出院.结论脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析.在严格掌握适应证的情况下,手术治疗效果良好.     

颅内结核瘤的诊断及外科治疗

目的探讨颅内结核瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗效果。方法回顾分析2001-01-2011-06我院收治的17例颅内结核瘤的临床表现、影像学表现、实验室检查及治疗。结果临床表现结合CT/MRI及实验室检查,17例患者中12例（70.6%）得以明确诊断,手术切除病灶11例,其中5例（29.4%）术前误诊为脑肿瘤或脑脓肿,所有患者均行规律抗结核治疗,无死亡病例,随访无复发。结论颅内结核瘤的诊断应根据临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析。手术结合抗痨药物治疗效果良好。     

脑结核瘤28例诊治分析

目的　为了提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法　回顾性分析 2 8例脑结核瘤的临床表现、影像、诊断治疗经过和预后。结果　所有病例均确诊为脑结核瘤 ,其中 9例术前误诊为脑肿瘤。手术治疗 2 2例 ,术前、术后均正规抗结核药物治疗 ,并动态监测头部影像 ;预后良好 2 0例、遗留不同程度神经功能障碍 6例、死亡 2例。结论　脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像特点、实验室检查、抗结核疗效进行综合分析 ,对于可疑病例 ,可试行强化抗结核治疗后 ,采取手术或活检明确诊断。治疗上首先正规抗结核药物治疗 ,必要时手术     

中枢神经系统结核瘤的手术治疗

目的分析中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床特点,探讨中枢神经系统结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平。方法回顾性分析11例中枢神经系统结核瘤的临床表现、影像学特点及手术疗效。结果11例结核瘤均通过手术全切除,病理检查证实为结核瘤,术前误诊为脑脓肿2例,脑胶质瘤1例。术后均予正规抗结核药物治疗。除1例死亡外,其余10例治愈出院。10例随访2年,遗有偏瘫3例,癫痫发作1例,其他病例可正常生活。结论中枢神经系统结核瘤临床上常缺乏特征性表现,对于诊断不明确的病例,应积极手术治疗。手术一般能完整切除瘤体,效果满意。     

颅内结核瘤的临床与MRI特点分析

目的为提高颅内结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平.方法10年来共收治32例颅内结核瘤患者,其中手术、立体定向活检术及尸检证实8例,抗结核治疗有效24例,全部病例均行头颅MRI扫描.结果32例脑结核瘤MRI显示单发25例,多发7例,共发现46个病灶,不同类型的结核瘤MRI表现各异,不同类型结核瘤对抗结核药物的反应不同.结论MRI可以明确诊断典型的脑结核瘤,并能帮助提高鉴别诊断水平.     

常规抗结核治疗联合异烟肼鞘内注射治疗结核性脑膜炎合并结核瘤的疗效观察(附3例报告)

目的观察常规抗结核治疗联合异烟肼鞘内注射治疗结核性脑膜炎合并结核瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析3例结核性脑膜炎合并结核瘤患者经常规抗结核治疗联合异烟肼鞘内注射治疗后的临床表现、CSF及影像学改变。结果本组3例患者均亚急性起病,病程中或治疗过程中合并出现结核瘤,经常规抗结核治疗联合鞘内注射治疗(异烟肼0.1 g+地塞米松5 mg),临床症状缓解,CSF恢复正常,影像学示脑部病灶消失。结论对于结核性脑膜炎合并结核瘤来说,常规抗结核治疗联合异烟肼鞘内注射治疗也许是一个有效的治疗方案。     

16例脑内多发结核瘤的临床分析

目的提高脑内多发结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法回顾分析我院收治的16例脑内多发结核瘤患者的临床表现、腰穿脑脊液结果、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果多数患者以发热、头痛起病,意识障碍2例,癫痫发作1例,眼外肌麻痹7例,偏瘫3例,脑膜刺激征6例,合并血行播散型肺结核1例,腰穿压力升高13例,蛋白升高12例,氯化物降低10例,糖降低8例,脑脊液常规白细胞升高9例,细胞学混合细胞反应4例,淋巴-单核细胞反应3例。头部MRI示颅内多发结节灶,增强可见均匀闭环强化,可见典型"靶征"。16例患者均行四联规范抗结核治疗,治愈15例,死亡1例。结论综合分析患者临床表现、脑脊液结果和影像学表现基本可明确诊断,抗结核治疗有效可进一步确诊。     

A case of intracranial tuberculoma early diagnosed by open brain biopsy]

A 31-year-old man suffered from cough, sputum, slight fever, and loss of consciousness. He was tentatively diagnosed as epilepsy, and was transferred to our hospital. Brain CT demonstrated multiple intracranial lesions, which were homogeneously enhanced. Chest X-ray revealed retiform shadow in the right middle lung field. Pulmonary tuberculosis and intracranial tuberculomas were suspected and bacterial cultures, PCR, smear examination of sputum, blood, CSF, gastric juice, and urine were repeated. But no evidence of tuberculosis was obtained. Follow-up CT after 5 days of admission showed exacerbation of intracranial lesions. Finally, the open brain biopsy was carefully done from the right occipital lesion. The histological examination disclosed a typical pathology of tuberculoma and PCR also turned out to be positive from the brain tissue. We diagnosed him as intracranial tuberculoma and anti-tuberculous drugs(isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide) were administered. After 30 days under the medication, brain CT demonstrated a transient expansion of the intracranial lesions. While the same therapy was sustained, intracranial lesions gradually decreased and he discharged after 60 days of admission. Brain CT is known as a powerful tool for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma. Its sensitivity is almost 100%, but some clinical reports have described that its specificity is not always so high(20-71%) as expected. In addition, it should be recognized that intracranial tuberculoma might show 'paradoxical expansion'. It is a phenomenon, which shows a paradoxical worsening in clinical aspect despite of the appropriate therapy. In such a progressing case as ours, it is desirable to make a definite diagnosis before anti-tuberculous drug is started. Therefore, it is recommended in possible cases to even consider the open brain biopsy from the early period when intracranial tuberculoma is highly suspected.     

颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 进一步提高对颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 对7例颅内结核瘤的临床特点、CT和MRI的改变进行回顾性分析。结果 7例中5例全切,2例部分切除,术后给予正规抗结核治疗,全部治愈。结论 对于不能确诊的病例行手术切除或活检可明确诊断,对其治疗应制定正确的方案,避免延误治疗。     

Brain CT and MRI Findings in 100 Consecutive Patients with Intracranial Tuberculoma

OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of intracranial tuberculoma on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not well known. The authors reviewed the features of tuberculoma on CT scans and MRI. The authors also correlated the MRI characteristics on various pulse sequences with neuropathological findings. METHODS: The charts of patients with intracranial tuberculoma were consecutively reviewed during the period from 1988 to 1999. The diagnosis of tuberculoma was based on pathology (n = 19), clinical or neuroimaging response to tuberculous chemotherapy (n = 57), or evidence of systemic tuberculosis (n = 24). Neuropathological specimens of tuberculoma were graded for the amount of fibrosis, gliosis, necrosis, and cell types (lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells). RESULTS: One hundred patients (43 men) were identified. The age range was 1 to 75 years (mean = 30 y). The number of lesions ranged from 1 to > 100 (mean = 4.5 lesions/patient). Thirty-one patients had solitary lesions, whereas 69 had multiple lesions. Thirty-seven patients had hydrocephalus. After contrast administration, > 450 lesions were seen on CT and MRI images in all 100 scans. The diameter of these enhancing lesions ranged from 1 mm to 5 cm. Lesions > 1 cm showed varied enhancement, including irregular shapes, ringlike shapes, open rings, and lobular patterns. Targetlike lesions were seen in only 2 patients. Other features included cortical and subcortical infarcts (12 patients), calcification (10% of lesions), edema (33 patients), meningeal enhancement (12 patients), mass effect, and/or midline shift (18 patients). A hypointense core with a hyperintense rim was the most common signal characteristic on T2-weighted MRI. The central hypointensity on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images reflected extensive necrosis and hypercellularity. CONCLUSION: Multiple tuberculomas and infratentorial locations were more common in the authors' patient population than in previous reports. The MRI signal characteristics of intracranial tuberculoma are extremely diverse. An isointense or hypointense core with a hyperintense rim on T2-weighted and FLAIR images is the most common presentation. Core hypointensity of lesions on these images is related to necrosis and the large number of cells.     

A case report of multiple intracranial tuberculoma associated with miliary tuberculosis and review of the literature

We reported a case of multiple intracranial tuberculoma associated with miliary tuberculosis and reviewed the cases reported as intracranial tuberculoma in the past 11 years. A 41-year-old diabetic man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of miliary tuberculosis and respiratory insufficiency. On admissIon, he had no neurological deficits except mild consciousness disturbance due to respiratory failure. He developed headache and mental confusion three weeks after the beginning of antituberculous therapy with isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Neurological examination revealed that he had progressive right hemiparesis and was in a confusional state. Enhanced CT showed multiple intracranial nodular lesions. During 6 weeks, he had progressive neurological manifestations in spite of his initial antituberculous treatment. He responded well, however, to the chemotherapy with combination of isoniazid, kanamycin, pyrazinamide and ethionamide that were sensitive to tuberculous bacilli separated from his sputum. He became minimally right-hemiparetic by 6 weeks after the change of antituberculous medication. Serial enhanced CT scan proved to be of great value in the diagnosis and follow-up study of intracranial tuberculoma. From 1978 to 1988, there were 72 reported cases of intracranial tuberculoma in Japan; 37 were male, 32 were female and 3 were uncertain because of no detailed document. The age of onset was distributed from 6 month to 81 years in age and 2 peaks were seen in the second decade and fifth to seventh decade. Thirty-three (48%) out of 69 cases had multiple intracranial lesions. A few reports commented that neurological complications tended to appear even if they were under antituberculous therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas. Report of two cases

Abstract

With the current prevalence of tuberculosis, the incidence of intracranial tuberculoma may be on the rise in industrialized nations. However, clinical findings suggestive of systemic tuberculosis are frequently subtle or absent in patients with intracranial tuberculoma, and no specific neuroradiologic characteristics of tuberculoma have been defined as yet. We report two cases of ring-enhanced intracranial tuberculoma in which magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were useful in the differential diagnosis between tuberculoma and other ring-enhanced mass lesions. Pulmonary tuberculosis had been diagnosed in one patient, but radiologic lung study and tuberculin skin test were negative in the other. DW imaging showed bright signal intensity in the core of all lesions in both patients. Malignant gliomas and metastatic brain tumors do not have this characteristic. Proton MR spectroscopy of lesion cores showed lipid peaks and a choline peak in one, and a lipid/lactate mixture pattern in the other, which differed distinctively from those of the pyogenic brain abscess. In each case, one lesion was surgically removed. Antituberculosis drugs were started before surgery for one patient and after surgery for the other. In both, the remaining lesions were reduced significantly in size. We discuss the diagnostic potential of these MR techniques and management options of intracranial tuberculoma. [Neurol Res 2002; 24: 537-543]     

Serial MRI findings of intracranial tuberculomas: a case report and review of the literature]

Intracranial tuberculoma is an infectious disorder, occurring with or without tuberculous meningitis. Although intracranial tuberculoma is rare in developed countries, its frequency has increased in recent years in association with aging and immunocompromised hosts. Because of the low sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures or of DNA detection from cerebrospinal fluid, diagnosis of intracranial tuberculoma is often difficult. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the tuberculoma yields variable results and is indistinct from other inflammatory lesions or brain tumors. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with progressive neurologic deterioration. MR imaging of the brain showed multiple ring-like enhancing lesions in the supra- and infra-tentorial regions, mimicking multiple metastatic brain tumors. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain showed homogeneous high signals in each lesion. A cavity in the lung suggested systemic involvement of tuberculosis. Despite extensive examination, tuberculosis could not be detected. Nevertheless, anti-tuberculosis treatment was administered. The patient's neurologic condition initially deteriorated for 4 weeks, then gradually improved. MRI showed marked improvement of the lesions after anti-tuberculosis treatment. Whereas conventional MRI is not specific in such cases, DWI might be useful for early assessment of intracranial tuberculosis.     

Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas. Report of two cases

With the current prevalence of tuberculosis, the incidence of intracranial tuberculoma may be on the rise in industrialized nations. However, clinical findings suggestive of systemic tuberculosis are frequently subtle or absent in patients with intracranial tuberculoma, and no specific neuroradiologic characteristics of tuberculoma have been defined as yet. We report two cases of ring-enhanced intracranial tuberculoma in which magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were useful in the differential diagnosis between tuberculoma and other ring-enhanced mass lesions. Pulmonary tuberculosis had been diagnosed in one patient, but radiologic lung study and tuberculin skin test were negative in the other. DW imaging showed bright signal intensity in the core of all lesions in both patients. Malignant gliomas and metastatic brain tumors do not have this characteristic. Proton MR spectroscopy of lesion cores showed lipid peaks and a choline peak in one, and a lipid/lactate mixture pattern in the other, which differed distinctively from those of the pyogenic brain abscess. in each case, one lesion was surgically removed. Antituberculosis drugs were started before surgery for one patient and after surgery for the other. In both, the remaining lesions were reduced significantly in size. We discuss the diagnostic potential of these MR techniques and management options of intracranial tuberculoma.     

Cerebral tuberculoma mimicking high grade glial tumor

Tuberculosis has been an important public health problem in both developing and develop nations. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system is rare. Tuberculosis meningitis and tuberculoma are the two most important manifestations of tuberculosis of the CNS. Intracranial tuberculomas may be solitary or multiple. Solitary tuberculomas may be indistinguishable from cranial abscess or primary brain tumor. It is necessary to rule out tuberculoma in patients with intracranial mass lesions. We present a case of tuberculoma mimicking a high grade glial tumor on magnetic resonance imaging and clinical presentation. A 30-year-old woman presented with one-month history of epilepsy. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a left occipital peripheral ring-enhanced lesion with central necrosis. There was a strong suspicion of glial tumor. The lesion was totally excised with left occipital craniotomy. Histological examination of mass revealed a tuberculoma. The patient was treated with antituberculous chemotherapy.     

颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊分析

目的 探讨颅内结核瘤的诊治及误诊原因。方法回顾性分析24例颅内结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果24例中13例行显微外科手术,2例行立体定向活检术并经病理证实,术后均给予正规抗结核治疗;9例经抗结核保守治疗有效。11例术前未考虑结核瘤,误诊率为46％。结论 临床病史结合辅助检查多可确诊颅内结核瘤。手术治疗辅以术后正规抗结核治疗,预后良好。颅内结核瘤临床表现无特征性,影像学特征不典型,是常常导致误诊的主要原因。     

西藏自治区脑结核瘤手术治疗分析（附16例报道并文献复习）

目的 总结西藏自治区脑结核瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析西藏自治区人民医院2013年9月至2021年9月手术治疗的16例脑结核瘤的临床资料。结果 15例为脑内单发病灶行开颅显微镜下手术切除病灶;1例多发病灶,手术切除小脑蚓部较大病灶以及左侧丘脑较小病灶。术后均给予标准抗结核治疗2个月,停用吡嗪酰胺,其它3联化疗3个月～1年。16例术后病理检查均诊断为脑结核瘤。1例小脑半球较大病灶术后并发严重肺部感染、电解质紊乱,最终死亡;其余15例术后随访1年,改良Rankin量表评分0分,未见复发。结论 西藏地区结核病高发,对颅内占位性病变,需重视与脑结核瘤鉴别。部分具有手术指征的脑结核瘤,积极手术治疗,联合术后规范抗结核治疗,疗效满意。