含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中的应用

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after hepatectomy.Methods Thirty-one postoperative patients with elective hepateetomy were randomized to receive isonitrogenous,isocalorie parenteral nutrition over 6 days after liver lobectomy(48-72hours)with either olive oil-based lipid emulsion(study group,n=15)or standard soybean oil emulsion(control group,n=16).The liver function and plasma protoins were assessed using peripheral venous blood collected before surgery,one day after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The safety profiles of emulsion supports and postoperative rehabilitation were also assessed.Results The preoperative serum levels of total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine amiotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,albumin,and prealbumin were comparable between the two groups(all P>0.05).Although the Postoperative safety profile and liver function were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05),plasma total proteins,albumin,and prealbumin returned to the normal levels significantly faster in the study group than in control group[(57.57±9.84)g/L vs.(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L vs.(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L vs.(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000]on the 7th Postoperative day,and the Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the study group[(13.1±1.2)d vs.(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].The incidence of postoperative complications in study group and control group was 26.7%and 31.3%.respectively.Conclusions Treatment with the new olive oil-based lipid emulsion is weU tolerated in hepatectomy patients.It can speed up plasma proteins recovery and may shorten postoperative hospital stay,although it does not remarkably decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.     

含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中的应用

目的 研究含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中应用的安全性和有效性.方法 31例选择性肝叶切除术后患者按入院顺序用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=16)和研究组(n=15),两组患者在术后48～72 h后接受连续6 d的等氮、等热量的肠外营养支持.研究组使用含橄榄油脂肪乳,对照组使用标准的中/长链脂肪乳.分别于术前和术后第1天、第7天取患者清晨空腹外周静脉血,检测肝功能指标和血浆蛋白水平,并观察脂肪乳的安全性和术后患者恢复情况.结果 两组患者术前总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白具有可比性(P均>0.05).两组患者术后的安全性及肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但研究组术后第7天血浆总蛋白、自蛋白和前白蛋白较对照组更快恢复到正常水平,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义[(57.57±9.84)g/L比(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L比(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L比(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000],住院时间也明显缩短[(13.1±1.2)d比(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].研究组与对照组的并发症发生率分别为26.7%和31.3%.结论 含橄榄油脂肪乳剂具有很好的耐受性,能够促进术后血浆蛋白的恢复;可能有益于缩短术后住院时间,但对术后并发症发生率无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after hepatectomy.Methods Thirty-one postoperative patients with elective hepateetomy were randomized to receive isonitrogenous,isocalorie parenteral nutrition over 6 days after liver lobectomy(48-72hours)with either olive oil-based lipid emulsion(study group,n=15)or standard soybean oil emulsion(control group,n=16).The liver function and plasma protoins were assessed using peripheral venous blood collected before surgery,one day after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The safety profiles of emulsion supports and postoperative rehabilitation were also assessed.Results The preoperative serum levels of total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine amiotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,albumin,and prealbumin were comparable between the two groups(all P>0.05).Although the Postoperative safety profile and liver function were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05),plasma total proteins,albumin,and prealbumin returned to the normal levels significantly faster in the study group than in control group[(57.57±9.84)g/L vs.(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L vs.(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L vs.(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000]on the 7th Postoperative day,and the Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the study group[(13.1±1.2)d vs.(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].The incidence of postoperative complications in study group and control group was 26.7%and 31.3%.respectively.Conclusions Treatment with the new olive oil-based lipid emulsion is weU tolerated in hepatectomy patients.It can speed up plasma proteins recovery and may shorten postoperative hospital stay,although it does not remarkably decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.     

不同营养方式对呼吸科老年重症患者呼吸肌力及临床预后的影响

目的 比较不同营养方式对呼吸科老年重症患者呼吸肌力和临床结局的影响.方法 采用随机数字表法,将147例呼吸科老年重症患者按入院先后顺序随机分为肠内(EN)肠外(PN)混合营养组,EN组和PN组,每组49例,观察营养支持前后患者能量代谢指标和呼吸肌力的变化情况及短期结局.结果 营养支持后第7天,各组患者的血浆白蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肌酐(Cr)水平和氮平衡均较营养支持前明显升高(P均＜0.01),血尿素氮(BUN)水平较营养支持前明显下降(P＜0.01);混合营养组ALB、Hb、Cr和氮平衡升高幅度均明显高于EN组和PN组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),BUN下降幅度明显高于EN组(P＜0.05).混合营养组(P=0.021)和EN组(P=0.011)的最大吸气压水平明显高于营养支持前,混合营养组的气道阻断压水平明显低于营养支持前(P=0.025).PN组患者感染性并发症及非感染性并发症发生率明显高于EN组 (P=0.002,P=0.017)和混合营养组(P=0.005,P=0.004),EN组患者的胃潴留发生率明显高于PN组(P=0.035).混合营养组患者的脱机时间、呼吸重症监护病房停留时间、住院时间与20 d死亡率均明显小于EN组和PN组(P均＜0.05).结论 EN与PN联用改善呼吸科老年重症患者营养状况和呼吸肌力的效果明显优于单用EN和PN,其短期临床结局也好于单用EN和PN.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the influences of different routes of nutrition on the outcome and respiratory muscle strength of elderly patients in respiratory intensive care unit (RICU). Methods Totally 147 elderly patients in RICU were equally randomized into combined nutrition group ( combinination of parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition), total enteral nutrition (EN) group, and total parenteral nutrition (PN) group. The changes of energy metabolism, respiratory muscle strength, and short-term outcome were observed or determined.Results Plasma albumin (ALB), hemoglobin (Hb), creatinine (Cr) levels, and nitrogen balance significantly increased in all group 7 days later ( all P ＜ 0. 01 ), while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) significantly decreased ( P ＜0.01 ). The increase of ALB, Hb, Cr levels, and nitrogen balance were significantly more remarkable than that in EN group and PN group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). The decrease of BUN level in the combined nutrition group was significantly more remarkable than that in EN group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). After nutritional support, the maximum inspiratory pressure in the combined nutrition group (P =0. 021 ) and EN group (P = 0. 011 ) became significantly higher, and occlusion pressure at 0.1 second inspiration level in the combined nutrition group became significantly lower ( P =0. 025). The incidences of infectious and non-infectious complications in PN group were significantly higher than those in EN group (P = 0. 002 and 0. 017, respectively) and combined nutrition group ( P = 0. 005 and 0. 004, respectively). Gastric retention was more common in EN group than that in PN group ( P = 0. 035). The weaning time,length of RICU stay, length of hospital stay and 20-day-mortality were significantly decreased in the combined nutrition group than those in the other two groups ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The effectiveness of the combined application of PN and EN is superior to PN or EN alone in improving nutritional status and respiratory muscle strength as well as in improving the short-term outcome in elderly patients in RICU..     

不同营养支持方式对重症急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群失调的影响分析

目的 探讨不同营养支持方式对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者肠道菌群失调的影响.方法 将2003年1月至2010年6月收治的66例SAP患者按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组33例,分别接受肠内营养和全胃肠外营养支持治疗,观察并比较两组患者肠道菌群失调的发生情况.结果 经营养支持治疗后,研究组大肠埃希菌和肠球菌的数量明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量则显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组肠道菌群失调的发生率为24.2%(8/33),显著低于对照组的51.5%(17/33),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肠内营养支持较单独全胃肠外营养支持能减少SAP患者肠道菌群失调的发生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the influence of different nutritional support ways on intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Sixty-six patients with SAP from January 2003 to June 2010 were divided into study group and control group according to random digits table,33 cases in each group,they were treated with enteral nutrition and total parenteral alimentation support treatment respectively and the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis was observed and compared.Results In 7 - 10 d after the onset of SAP,the number of escherichia coli and enterococci in study group were significantly lower than those in control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 );the number of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).A total of 25 patients in both groups occurred intestinal dysbacteriosis,the total incidence was 37.9%,the incidence in study group was 24.2% (8/33) and which was significantly lower than that in control group [51.5%( 17/33 )](P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Enteral nutrition support treatment can reduce the incidence of intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with SAP,its efficacy is better than parenteral nutrition.     

贵州省中小医院住院患者营养风险筛查及营养支持应用现状

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the nutritional risks, undernutrition, overweight,and obesity, and the application of nutritional support in hospitalized patients in middle and small hospitals of Guizhou province. Methods Adult patients in the departments of general surgery, chest surgery, neurology, gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, and nephrology in four hospitals in Guizhou Province were consecutively enrolled from Feberary 2008 to March 2009. Nutrional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) was performed on the next morning after admission and nutritional support was evaluated on the 14 day of admission or on the discharge day.The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support was analyzed. Nutritional risk was defined as NRS 2002 score≥3 and under-nutrition was defined as body mass index ＜ 18.5 kg/m2. Results A total of 1668 patients were enrolled and underwent, NRS 2002 scoring. The nutritional risk was 30. 2% and the prevalence of malnutrition was 12.2%. Although 54 patients ( 11.7 % ) with NRS 2002 ≥ 3 received nutrition support, only parenteral nutrition was applied. Conclusions NRS 2002 is a feasible nutritional risk screening tool for patients in middle and small hospitals. The application of nutrition support is still at a low level, with only parenteral nutrition is applied. Evidence-based nutrition support guidelines are required to standardize the application of nutrition support.     

ω-3脂肪酸对肝部分切除术后患者炎症反应和免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨ω-3脂肪酸对肝部分切除术后患者炎症反应和免疫功能的影响.方法 肝部分切除患者82例参加本研究,所有患者按随机数表法随机分为两组,术后给予等热量、等氮肠外营养治疗.对照组单纯使用中长链脂肪乳,研究组使用中长链脂肪乳联合ω-3脂肪酸.分别于术前、术后第1、3、7天抽取空腹静脉血,检测肝功能(总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶)、凝血功能(国际标准化比值)、免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG、IgM)、CD3、CD4/CD8及外周血白细胞计数等.结果 术后第7天研究组患者血清总蛋白(61.40±5.12)g/L显著高于对照组(58.54±5.53)g/L(P=0.018),研究组谷草转氨酶(32.37±11.92)U/L显著低于对照组(42.50±29.97)U/L(JP=0.048),研究组IgA(2.67±1.01)g/L显著高于对照组(2.15±0.77)g/L(P=0.027),研究组IL-1β(7.88±6.45)pg/ml显著低于对照组(12.98±11.07)pg/ml(P=0.034),研究组IL-2(24.98±20.38)pg/ml显著低于对照组(43.09±20.74)pg/ml(P:0.002).两组患者术后第7天外周血白细胞及凝血功能指标差异无统计学意义.结论 ω-3脂肪酸有助于改善肝部分切除术后患者免疫功能及肝功能,降低炎症反应.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids (FA) on inflammatory reaction and immunologic function of patients after hepatectomy. Methods Totally 82 patients were randomized into control group and ω-3 FA group. Both groups received parenteral nutrition (PN) with equal nitrogen and calories. Patients in the control group received medium and long-chain lipid emulsion, and those in the ω-3 FA group received ω-3 FA combined with medium and long-chain lipid emulsion. Liver function test (serum total protein, prealbumin, albumin ,aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) , blood coagulation function (international normalized ratio) , immune globubin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) , CD3 and CD4/CD8 were measured on the first, third, and seventh post-operative day. Results Serum total protein in the ω-3 FA group [(61. 40 ±5. 12) g/L] was significantly higher than in the control group [(58. 54 ± 5. 53 ) g/L] (P = 0. 018 ) . Aspartate aminotransferase in the ω-3 FA group [(32. 37 ± 11. 92) U/L] was significantly lower than in the control group [(42. 50 ± 29. 97) U/L] (P = 0. 048). IgA in the ω-3 FA group [(2. 67 ± 1. 01) g/L] was significantly higher than in the control group [(2. 15 ±0.77) g/L] (P=0.027). IL-1β in the ω-3 FA group [(7.88 ±6.45) pg/ml] was significantly lower than in the control group [(12. 98 ± 11. 07) pg/ml] (P = 0.034). IL-2 in the ω-3 FA group [(24.98±20.38) pg/ml] was significantly lower than the control group [(43. 09 ± 20. 74) pg/ml] (P = 0.002). The white blood cell counts and coagulation function were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion Total PN containing ω-3 FA can effectively improve immunologic function and liver function of patients after hepatectomy.     

肠内营养对获得性免疫缺陷综合征患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响

目的 研究肠内营养对获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者T淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响.方法 采用随机数字法将79例AIDS患者随机分为两组:(1)对照组(n=33):仅给予常规治疗;(2)肠内营养(EN)组(n=46):在常规治疗的基础上,每日给予EN.于试验前和试验第30天,分别测定两组患者的CD3、CD4、CD8细胞计数.结果 试验前,两组患者的血糖及血丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和尿素氮、肌酐、前白蛋白(PA)水平间差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);试验第30天,EN组患者的血TP(P=0.015)、ALB(P=0.007)和PA(P=0.022)水平明显高于对照组.对照组试验前与试验第30天的CD3、CD4、CD8细胞计数间差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05),EN组患者试验第30天的CD4细胞计数明显高于试验前(P=0.012).结论 EN支持可改善AIDS患者的营养状况和T淋巴细胞免疫功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on the T lymphocytes-mediated immune function in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods Totally 79 AIDS patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition ( EN ) group ( supported with EN daily in addition to conventional treatment; n = 46) and control group (underwent conventional treatment only; n = 33 ). T lymphocytes including CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells as well as blood biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose ( Glu ), total protein (TP), albumin ( ALB ), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) , Cr, and prealbumin (PA) were determined immediately before management (T0) and on the 30th day(T1). Results ALT, AST, Glu, TP, ALB, BUN, Cr, and PA showed no significant differences between these two groups before management ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of TP ( P = 0. 015), ALB ( P = 0. 007 ), and PA ( P =0. 022 ) were significantly higher in EN group than those in control group at T1. The cell counts of CD3, CD4, and CD8 were not significantly different at T0, while the cell count of CD4 was significantly higher in EN group than that in control group at T1 ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion EN can improve the nutritional status and T lymphocytesmediated immune function in AIDS patients.     

饮食、C反应蛋白与2型糖尿病颈动脉内膜厚度的关系

Objective To compare the characteristics of food and nutrition intake in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without carotid atherosclerosis and analyze the relationship between diets/C-reactive protein (CRP) and carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). Methods Sixty patients with T2DM were enrolled and divided into two groups based on C-IMT: group A (C-IMT ＜ 1 mm, n=30) and group B (C-IMT≥1 mm, n=30). All subjects were investigated with questionnaires including 3-day food recall They all took somatometric measurement. Blood and urine samples were collected in all subjects to examine the levels of high sensitive-CRP,C-peptide, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipid, renal function, urine microalbumin, and other indicators. Results The intakes of vegetables, fruits, and aquatic products were significantly higher in group A than in group B ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The intake of vitamin C in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( P ＜0. 05 ). The levels of CRP in group B was significant higher than that in group A (P = 0. 000). Positive correlation was found between CRP level and C-IMT in T2DM patients ( r = 0. 36, P = 0. 004). Furthermore, CRP was negatively correlated with the intakes of vegetables and fruits ( r = - 0. 334, P = 0. 01 ), aquatic products ( r = -0. 315, P = 0. 016), and vitamin C ( r = - 0. 2786, P = 0. 038 ), respectively. The intake of fruits was negatively correlated with C-IMT (r, = -0. 33, P = 0. 01 ). Conclusions T2DM patients without carotid atherosclerosis intake more vegetables, fruits, aquatic products and vitamin C than those with atherosclerosis. Vegetables, fruits,sea foods and vitamin C may be the protective factors against atherosclerosis in T2DM patients. CRP is associated with the development of atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.     

含缓释淀粉和不含缓释淀粉的肠内营养制剂用于慢性创面合并糖尿病患者营养支持效果的比较

目的 比较含缓释淀粉和不含缓释淀粉的肠内营养制剂在慢性创面合并糖尿病患者营养支持中的应用效果.方法 以20例慢性创面合并糖尿病患者为研究对象,采用交叉自身对照方法,先后给予不含缓释淀粉的肠内营养制剂及含缓释淀粉的肠内营养制剂进行输入时间较短的营养支持,比较患者的血糖波动、胰岛素使用剂量和前白蛋白水平变化情况,观察患者不良反应及术后并发症的发生率.结果 所有患者使用不含缓释淀粉肠内营养制剂时每日血糖漂移范围为(3.23±0.42)mmol/L,明显高于使用含缓释淀粉肠内营养制剂时的(2.56±0.35)mmol/L(P=0.01);使用不含缓释淀粉肠内营养制剂时的胰岛素平均用量为(12.2±2.5)U/次,明显高于使用含缓释淀粉肠内营养制剂时的(9.6±1.7)U/次(P=0.03);前白蛋白水平均有所增加,使用不含缓释淀粉及含缓释淀粉肠内营养制剂时的前白蛋白增加幅度分别为(13.4±2.8)和(12.7±3.3)mg/L,差异无统计学意义(P=0.08).所有患者均未出现肠内营养的不良反应,无术后并发症.结论 含缓释淀粉的肠内营养制剂更适合慢性创面合并糖尿病患者的营养支持.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effectiveness of enteral nutritional emulsion (TPF-D) and enteral nutritional emulsion (TP) in patients with chronic wound and diabetes (CWD). Methods Totally 20 CWD patients in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2008 to June 2010 were enrolled in this study. Enteral nutritional emulsion (TP) was used for the first 5 days ( TP group) and enteral nutritional emulsion (TPF-D) was used for the second 5 days (TPF-D group). Changes of mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), insulin dosage, and prealbumin (PA) were compared between TPF-D group and TP group. The adverse effects and post-operational complications were also observed. Results The every-day MAGE was (2. 56 ±0. 35) mmol/L in TPF-D group, which was significantly lower than that in TP group [ (3.23 ± 0. 42) mmol/L] ( P = 0. 01 ). The mean insulin dosage was (9.6 ± 1.7) U in TPF-D group, which was significantly lower than that in TP group [ ( 12. 2 ± 2. 5 ) U ] ( P =0.03 ). The increase of PA showed no significant difference between TPF-D group [ ( 12.7 ± 3. 3) mg/L] and TP group [ ( 13.4 ± 2. 8 ) mg/L ] ( P = 0. 08 ). No enteral nutrition-related adverse effect or post-operation complication was noted. Conclusion Compared with TP, TPF-D is more suitable for the CWD patients.     

低蛋白饮食对3/4期慢性肾脏病患者肾功能及营养状况的影响

Objective To assess the influences of low-protein diet on the renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 chronic kidney diseases (CKD).Methods Totally 34 patients with stage 3/4 CKD were randomly divided into group A (protein intake:0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=14) and B (protein intake:0.8 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);n=20).Anthropometric measurement and blood biochemical tests were performed,nutri-tional status was assessed,and 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted before and after the treatment.Patients were followed up for 6 months.Results In group A,the creatinine level significantly decreased (P=0.010),while albumin level (P=0.042) and the intake of energy (P=0.018) and carbohydrate (P<0.001) signifi-cantly increased after the treatment In all the 34 patients,in group A and group B,the malnutrition rates were de-creased by 14.7%,7.2%,and 21.1% after nutritional intervention.Conclusion The low-protein diet (protein intake 0.6 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),in which part of the staple food was replaced by wheat starch,can increase the in-takes of carbohydrate and energy and improve renal function and nutritional status in patients with stage 3/4 CKD.     

含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在食管癌患者术后肠外营养中的应用

目的 研究含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在食管癌术后肠外营养支持中应用的安全性和有效性.方法 60例胸段食管癌根治术患者用SPSS软件产生的随机数字分为对照组(n=30)和研究组(n=30),两组患者术后进行7～10 d的肠外营养支持,采用等氮、等热量、等渗透压、等液体量配方.研究组使用含橄榄油脂肪乳剂,对照组使用中/长链脂肪乳剂.所有患者分别于术前及术后第1天、第8天清晨空腹抽取外周静脉血送检.观测指标:术前营养状态及营养风险评估,包括体重、体重指数、营养风险筛查等;安全性指标,包括血常规、血电解质、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素、结合胆红素、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐、血糖等;有效性指标,包括血红蛋白、白蛋白、总蛋白等.结果 两组术后第8天的白蛋白及总蛋白值均在正常范围内,但研究组的测量值较对照组高(P=0.000),且研究组术后第8天与第1天的总蛋白差值较对照组高(P=0.002).术后第8天对照组的AST及BUN值升高,而研究组的AST及BUN均在正常范围且明显低于对照组(P=0.025,P=0.013).两组间在生命体征变化、不良事件发生率、血常规、血电解质、血糖、血脂等方面差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).结论 含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在食管癌术后肠外营养支持中的应用是安全有效的;相对于中/长链脂肪乳剂而言,其对AST及BUN的影响较小.     

Effects of a medium-chain triacylglycerol/long-chain triacylglycerol fat emulsion containing a reduced ratio of phospholipid to triacylglycerol in pediatric surgical patients

OBJECTIVE: Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) has been shown to provide better nutritional support than long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT). We compared the efficacy of MCT/LCT fat emulsions containing a usual (0.12) or a decreased (0.06) ratio of phospholipid to triacylglycerol (PL:TG) in pediatric patients under surgical stress. METHODS: Three patient groups (n=10 in each) received equivalent amounts of glucose (12 g.kg(-1).d(-1)) and amino acids (2 g.kg(-1).d(-1)), but group A received a 10% MCT fat emulsion (PL:TG 0.06), group B received a 20% MCT fat emulsion (PL:TG 0.06), and group C received a 10% MCT/LCT fat emulsion (PL:TG 0.12) in amounts of 1.5 g.kg(-1).d(-1) in a randomized study. Total parenteral nutrition was given for 7 d. Blood samples were collected before total parenteral nutrition administration and on days 4 and 7 for determination of various biochemical indexes. RESULTS: Serum phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher in group C than in group A or B on days 4 and 7 (P<0.05). Serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations and the very-low-density lipoprotein percentage were also significantly higher in group C than in group A or B on days 4 and 7 (P<0.05). The high-density lipoprotein percentage was significantly higher in group B on days 4 and 7 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric patients under surgical stress, a total parenteral nutrition regimen containing an MCT/LCT fat emulsion with a decreased PL:TG ratio (0.06) is likely to result in partly better lipid and lipoprotein metabolism than an emulsion containing the usual ratio (0.12).     

Clinical and metabolic effects of two lipid emulsions on the parenteral nutrition of septic patients

OBJECTIVE: We compared the metabolic and clinical effects of two lipid emulsions, long-chain triacylglycerols (LCT) and a mixture of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MCT/LCT), in septic patients. METHODS: Both groups received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a solution enriched with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Seventy-two septic patients received TPN with MCT/LCT (group 1) or LCT (group 2). Before starting TPN (basal) and 10 d after (final), various parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six subjects in each group completed the study. Both groups showed an increase in cholestasis enzymes, with no significant changes in lipid parameters. The rise of retinol-binding protein and the recovery of nitrogen balance were significantly greater in group 1. A multivariate analysis of nutritional markers and catabolic parameters showed a better evolution in group 1 (P = 0.002). The MCT/LCT group exhibited a significant increase of insulin levels. Overall mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit were not affected by the lipid emulsion. CONCLUSIONS: In septic patients who received TPN with a solution enriched with BCAAs, the use of an emulsion containing MCT provided them with a greater recovery of their nutrition status than the traditional LCT formula, without influencing the outcome.     

Effects of parenteral structured lipid emulsion on modulating the inflammatory response in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy

OBJECTIVES: Structured lipid emulsion improves the nitrogen balance and is rapidly cleared from the blood of moderately catabolic patients. However, the effects of structured lipids on inflammatory reactions during major surgery are not clear. This study investigated the effect of a parenteral structured triacylglycerol emulsion on leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory mediator production in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy. METHODS: Normal rats with internal jugular catheters were assigned to three experimental groups and received total parenteral nutrition. At the same time, a total gastrectomy was performed on the experimental groups. The total parenteral nutrition solutions were isonitrogenous and identical in nutrient compositions except for differences in the composition of the fat emulsion. Group 1 received a conventional fat emulsion with long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs), group 2 received a physical mixture of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) and LCTs (MCT/LCT), and group 3 received structured lipids composed of MCTs and LCTs (STG). Half of the rats in each respective group were sacrificed 1 d and the other half 3 d after surgery to examine the analytical parameters. RESULTS: Plasma cholesterol and free fatty acid levels in the STG group were lower than those in the other groups after surgery. The STG group had lower leukocyte CD11a/CD18 expressions than the MCT/LCT group 3 d after surgery, and CD11b/CD18 expressions in the STG group were lower than those in the LCT group on postoperative days. The STG group had higher monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels in peritoneal lavage fluid than did the other two groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, compared with the LCT and MCT/LCT groups, rats administered STG had lower plasma lipid concentrations and leukocyte integrin expressions. In addition, STG administration may cause increased recruiting of neutrophils and monocytes at the site of injury and enhance antipathogenicity in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy.     

A metabolic comparison of a pure long-chain triglyceride lipid emulsion (LCT) and various medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)-LCT combination emulsions in dogs

Two 20% lipid emulsions containing mixtures of long-(LCT) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) were compared with a 20% LCT lipid emulsion. Beagles were infused with emulsions containing either 100% LCT, 75% LCT-25% MCT, or 50% LCT-50% MCT. The emulsions were part of a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) regimen that included 10% dextrose and 5.5% amino acids. Basic nutritional parameters as well as elimination kinetics were monitored. Plasma linoleic acid, ketone, lactate, pyruvate, insulin, glucose, and carnitine were analyzed. The 75% LCT-25% MCT emulsion offers little advantage over 100% LCT as a metabolic substrate. The 50% LCT-50% MCT combination proved to be a potentially better caloric source due to rapid elimination kinetics, increased ketone production, lack of deposition, and no interference with linoleic acid metabolism.     

脂肪乳在肠外营养中的应用进展

脂肪乳作为肠外营养支持中主要的能量来源,数十年来,已发展出多种不同配方的制剂.LCT脂肪乳由于代谢方面的缺陷,目前在临床上已被MCT/LCT脂肪乳逐步取代.较新的配方是由结构三酰甘油或橄榄油构成,此种新型脂肪乳更为安全,耐受性更好.含鱼油 ( n-3脂肪酸)的脂肪乳,可改善不同病人危重情况下的组织灌注.最新的脂肪乳SMOF,由添加维生素E的大豆长链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸、橄榄油和鱼油混合配制而成,已在一项双盲试验中获得良好的应用,其效能尚有待进一步的临床验证.     

Replacement of long-chain triglyceride with medium-chain triglyceride/long-chain triglyceride lipid emulsion in patients receiving long-term parenteral nutrition: effects on essential fatty acid status and plasma vitamin K1 levels

BACKGROUND: In long-term parenteral nutrition (LTPN) patients, the use of a 50:50 mixture of medium- and long-chain triglyceride emulsion (MCT/LCT) has been suggested to prevent or correct fatty liver infiltration. However, the use of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion results in a 50% reduction of essential fatty acids and vitamin K1 supply and could induce essential fatty acid and vitamin K1 deficiencies. This study evaluated the effect of a long-term infusion of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion on plasma fatty acid (FA) and vitamin K1 levels on LTPN patients. METHODS: In a prospective nonrandomized crossover study, we measured plasma phospholipid FA composition by gas chromatography and vitamin K1 levels by high-performance liquid chromatography in 11 LTPN patients before and after a 4-month replacement of the usual 20% LCT lipid emulsion (20% Lipoven; Fresenius-Kabi France, Sèvres, France) by a 20% MCT/LCT lipid emulsion (Medialipide B; Braun Medical, Boulogne, France). RESULTS: Patient received LTPN for 46 +/- 40 months; IV lipid emulsion was 827 +/- 336 mL/week. MCT/LCT lipid substitution did not change most of the essential plasma fatty acid concentrations and did not induce essential fatty acid deficiency. With both lipid emulsions, the triene/tetraene (20:3n-9/20:4n-6) ratio remained within the normal ranges. However, with MCT/LCT lipid emulsion, 22:4n-6 (LCT: 0.50 +/- 0.12; MCT/LCT: 0.63 +/- 0.11%) and 22:5n-6 (LCT: 0.32 +/- 0.11; MCT/LCT: 0.48 +/- 0.15%) increased significantly (p = .022 and 0.011, respectively). Plasma vitamin K1 levels decreased drastically with MCT/LCT lipid emulsion. CONCLUSIONS: An amount of 2.85 +/- 1.55 g x kg(-1) week(-1) of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion neither induced essential fatty acid deficiency nor improved the fatty acid disturbances usually observed in LTPN patients but did induce a drop in plasma vitamin K1 levels.     

糖尿病患者中链和长链甘油三酯乳剂的清除比较

比较胰岛素非依赖性糖尿病患者中/长链甘油三酯(MCT/LCT)混合乳剂和长链甘油三酯(LCT)乳剂的清除率。每组各6例,在4小时输入脂肪期间,MCT/LCT组血甘油三酯达稳定状态。动力学参数表明MCT/LCT乳剂有着明显较小的表观分布容积和较短的半衰期。两种乳剂对血糖浓度也有不同的影响。在葡萄糖和脂肪代谢紊乱时,如需行含脂肪的肠外营养,应优先选择MCT/LCT混合乳剂。     

Antioxidant status of surgical patients receiving TPN with an omega-3-fatty acid-containing lipid emulsion supplemented with alpha-tocopherol

BACKGROUND: LCT lipid emulsions and even more fish oil-containing lipid emulsions are under debate regarding their tocopherol and PUFA content as well as their effect on the antioxidative status especially in patients with oxidative stress. METHODS: Thirty-three patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either an alpha-tocopherol-supplemented (562 micromol/l) MCT/LCT/omega-3-acid triglycerides (MLF, 5/4/1 w/w/w, 20%) emulsion or a soybean oil-based LCT emulsion (20%). The TPN regimen continuously provided 1.4 g fat kg bw(-1)d(-1)over 5 days. RESULTS: Plasma antioxidant concentrations were strongly reduced by surgical treatment. Following 5 days of TPN with the MLF emulsion, mean plasma alpha-tocopherol increased by 20.0 micromol/l (1.98 micromol/mmol lipid), while nearly no change was observed in the LCT emulsion group. In both groups, plasma concentrations of all non-supplemented antioxidants (vitamin C, carotenoids, selenium) as well as serum total antioxidant capacity further decreased during TPN. The concentrations of plasma cholesterol oxidation products as a measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation revealed no changes over the TPN period in either group. CONCLUSION: In contrast to the LCT emulsion, administration of the a-tocopherol supplemented MLF lipid emulsion normalized a-tocopherol plasma concentrations. Despite its high long-chain PUFA content, no hint for increased lipid peroxidation was found.