雌二醇对雌性大鼠血清载脂蛋白AI和B含量的影响

为观察雌二醇对大鼠血清载脂蛋白AI和B含量的影响，用免疫比浊法和放射免疫分析法检测了性周期雌性大鼠、去卵巢大鼠和去卵巢注射雌二醇大鼠的血清雌二醇、载脂蛋白AI和B的水平。结果发现，在大鼠性周期中，血清雌二醇与载脂蛋白AI水平均呈周期性波动，两者的变化趋势一致。大鼠卵巢摘除后15天，血清雌二醇与载脂蛋白AI含量较未摘除卵巢大鼠显著降低（分别为0．82±0．32ng／L和0．51±0.11g／L），而注射雌二醇大鼠两者的含量又明显增加（分别为116．94±38．91ng／L和1．80±0．21g／L，P＜0.01）。但是，在性周期中、摘除卵巢和注射雌二醇大鼠血清中载脂蛋白B的含量无明显变化。提示，雌二醇可能调节雌性大鼠血中载脂蛋白AI的含量。     

D-半乳糖亚急性衰老大鼠模型的建立及评价

目的建立D-半乳糖致大鼠亚急性衰老模型,对该模型进行探讨和评价。方法健康青年SD大鼠共60只,雌雄各半。分别分为2组,半乳糖组大鼠皮下每天注射半乳糖400 mg/kg,对照组每天注射等量生理盐水;老年鼠20只,雌雄各半,不做处理。实验开始后,每周记录体重变化情况,第7周末测试大鼠空间学习能力,第8周末测试大鼠空间记忆能力,计算大鼠胸腺、脾脏、睾丸和卵巢的脏器系数,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果半乳糖注射4 w后,雄性大鼠的体重比对照组显著性降低(P<0.05),注射6 w后,体重差异非常显著性降低(P<0.01);半乳糖组雌雄大鼠的空间学习能力和记忆能力较对照组显著性降低(P<0.05),听力阈值显著增加(P<0.05),胸腺指数非常显著性降低(P<0.01),雄性大鼠睾丸系数显著性降低(P<0.05),血清SOD活性显著性降低(P<0.05),MDA含量显著性增高(P<0.05);其余实验结果组间比较差异没有显著性(P>0.05)。结论 D-半乳糖皮下注射8 w可以复制出与24月龄老年大鼠自然衰老程度相似的亚急性衰老模型,雄性大鼠优于雌性大鼠。     

二仙汤及其拆方对去卵巢大鼠更年期综合征的影响

目的探讨二仙汤及其拆方对去卵巢大鼠实验性更年期综合征的影响。方法以卵巢摘除SD雌性大鼠为动物模型,随机分为模型组、二仙汤整方及其4个拆方组(二仙汤A方、B方、C方、D方、E方),另设一组假手术组,连续给药90 d,比较大鼠体重、血清性激素水平及胸腺、脾脏、子宫指数的变化,并对子宫进行组织学观察。结果 A方可显著抑制因摘除卵巢引起的体重升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,A方、C方及E方能显著提高大鼠的胸腺系数(P<0.05),E方可使脾脏系数明显升高(P<0.05),C方能显著升高促黄体生成素(LH)水平(P<0.05),除B方外,其余各方均可明显提高卵泡刺激素(FSH)水平。组织学方面,A方、E方可增加腺体数目,除A方外,其余各方均使内膜增厚。结论二仙汤及其拆方缓解更年期综合征的作用与从多环节调节生殖内分泌功能有关,且各个拆方起着不同的调节作用,具有临床指导意义。     

中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量和相关血清性激素水平的影响

目的 观察中等强度跑台运动对去卵巢大鼠骨量和相关血清性激素水平的影响,探讨其预防绝经后骨质疏松发生的作用机制.方法 40只未经产雌性SD大鼠,按体重随机分为假手术、去卵巢静止、去卵巢运动和雌激素4组.去卵巢运动组每周进行4次45 min、速度18 m/min,坡度5°的跑台训练;雌激素组每周颈部皮下注射3次17β-雌二醇,每次50 μg/kg体重.结束后,称量腹腔内脂肪和子宫重量;测定血清雌激素(E_2)、孕酮(P_4) 和睾酮(T)含量;检测右侧游离股骨和胫骨的骨密度(BMD)和骨矿物(BMC) 含量.结果 中等强度跑台运动能显著增加去卵巢大鼠股骨近端、中段和远端以及胫骨近端的BMC、BMD以及血清E_2水平,显著降低去卵巢大鼠腹腔内脂肪重量以及血清P4和T水平.结论 中等强度跑台运动抗去卵巢大鼠骨量下降的效应至少部分可能与其对血清性激素水平的调节有关.     

斑蝥黄质抗去势雌性大鼠骨质疏松的实验研究

目的 探讨斑蝥黄质对去卵巢骨质疏松(OP)模型大鼠股骨的密度、骨矿含量的影响及机制.方法 将72只15周龄SD大鼠随机分为6组,空白组行假手术,其余5组行卵巢切除术,术后用药12 w后处死,测定右侧股骨骨密度、骨矿含量、血清雌二醇(E_2)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量及子宫湿重.结果 与模型组相比,斑蝥黄质高(20 mg/kg)、中(15 mg/kg)、低剂量(10 mg/kg)组和尼尔雌醇组(1.05 mg/kg)能缓解因去势后造成的雌鼠骨密度、骨矿含量、血清E_2及子宫指数的下降(P＜0.05),同时可以抑制血清ALP水平的升高(P＜0.05).结论 斑蝥黄质可以改善骨质量,抑制雌性大鼠去卵巢OP的发生,可能具有类似雌激素的效应.     

17β-雌二醇上调去卵巢胰岛素抵抗大鼠骨骼肌中胰岛素受体的表达

目的 观察17β-雌二醇对高果糖诱导的去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗和骨骼肌中胰岛素受体表达的影响.方法 48只成年雌性SD大鼠随机地分为正常对照组、模型组、17β-雌二醇替代组、溶媒对照组.模型组大鼠卵巢切除后,高果糖饲料喂养8周诱导胰岛素抵抗的产生;17β-雌二醇替代组大鼠卵巢切除后,高果糖饲料喂养同时给予17β-雌二醇(30 μg/kg体重)每天皮下注射.结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠收缩压、空腹血糖和血清胰岛素显著性升高,胰岛素敏感指数显著性降低,骨骼肌中胰岛素受体αmRNA和蛋白的表达以及磷酸化Akt的水平显著性降低;17β-雌二醇替代逆转上述改变.结论 17β-雌二醇抑制高果糖诱导的去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗,上调骨骼肌中胰岛素受体的表达和磷酸化Akt的水平,增强了胰岛素的信号转导.     

17-β雌二醇抑制去卵巢大鼠实验性胰岛素抵抗的形成

目的观察17-β雌二醇对果糖诱导的去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法36只雌性大鼠卵巢切除后用高果糖饲料喂养8周,诱导胰岛素抵抗产生,然后随机分为模型组、雌激素替代组和溶媒对照组,另设立正常对照组大鼠12只,用普通饲料喂养8周。检测各组大鼠的体重、动脉收缩压、血脂、血清雌二醇、糖耐量、空腹血糖和空腹血清胰岛素水平,并计算胰岛素敏感指数。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠体重增加(P<0.05),收缩压升高(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和空腹血糖均升高(均P<0.05),空腹血清胰岛素水平升高(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数降低(P<0.05),产生了胰岛素抵抗,葡萄糖耐量减低(P<0.05),胰岛β细胞受损;17-β雌二醇替代组逆转上述变化,胰岛素敏感指数增加(P<0.05),抑制胰岛素抵抗的产生。结论17-β雌二醇能够抑制高果糖饮食诱导的去卵巢大鼠胰岛素抵抗的产生、胰岛β细胞的损伤和血脂的异常,这说明雌性大鼠体内的雌二醇可能是其在高果糖诱导胰岛素抵抗的过程中受到保护的决定因素。     

复方银杏滴丸抗脑功能衰退作用及作用机制探讨

目的　探讨复方银杏滴丸 (CO GBE)的抗脑功能衰退作用 ,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法　小鼠颈背部皮下注射D 半乳糖 (D galactose ,D gal) 4 9d ,测定模型组和给药组小鼠的学习记忆能力、胸腺和脾脏指数、脑组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活力、丙二醛 (MDA)和脂褐素含量的变化。结果　CO GBE 1 5mg/kg、30mg/kg、60mg/kg可以不同程度地改善模型小鼠的学习记忆能力 ;抑制模型小鼠胸腺萎缩 ;增强模型小鼠脑组织SOD、GSH Px活力 ,降低MDA和脂褐素含量 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1 )。结论　增强脑组织的抗脂质过氧化能力 ,可能是CO GBE改善学习记忆能力 ,抑制胸腺指数下降 ,抗脑功能衰退的作用机制     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的观察雌二醇(E2)对去卵巢(OVX)大鼠学习记忆能力及海马一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的影响,探讨E2改善OVX大鼠认知功能的可能机制。方法 30只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组(SHAM组),OVX组和去卵巢雌二醇组(OVX+E2组)。E2治疗8 w后通过八臂迷宫实验观察E2对雌激素剥夺大鼠学习记忆的影响;学习记忆能力测试结束后用免疫组织化学结合图像半定量方法分析海马nNOS的表达。结果与假手术组比较,OVX组完成八臂迷宫时间显著延长(P<0. 01),工作记忆错误次数(WME)显著增多(P <0. 01)、参考记忆错误次数(RME)及总记忆错误次数(TE)显著增多(均P <0. 01),海马nNOS的数量(P<0. 05)及面积(P<0. 05)均显著下降; 8 w E2治疗可显著改善OVX大鼠的学习记忆能力,与OVX大鼠比较,海马nNOS的表达显著增强(P<0. 01)。结论卵巢摘除会导致大鼠空间学习记忆能力下降,长期E2治疗可改善OVX大鼠学习记忆能力,可能与E2增强OVX大鼠海马nNOS的表达有关。     

苯甲酸雌二醇对去卵巢脑缺血大鼠学习记忆功能的影响

目的 探讨苯甲酸雌二醇对去卵巢大鼠学习记忆功能影响的机制.方法 采用改良4-VO方法模拟脑缺血模型,应用八臂迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力,采用免疫荧光技术检测海马区突触素表达情况,同时观察海马区的病理学改变.结果 缺血组大鼠学习记忆能力明显减退,海马区神经元损伤明显,与假手术组比较有显著差异(P＜0.05),海马内突触素表达亦下降明显,与假手术组比较差异显著(P＜0.01);治疗组海马区神经元损伤较轻,与缺血组比较,学习记忆能力有明显改善(P＜0.05),突触素表达亦明显增多(P＜0.01).结论 苯甲酸雌二醇对大鼠脑组织损伤及学习记忆功能减退有明显的改善作用,其机制可能与雌激素改善突触素的表达有关.     

Large Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interventricular Septum

We present the case of a 58-year-old woman who had large lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum, a condition that is reported very infrequently. Preoperative cardiac magnetic resonance images revealed an inhomogeneous, infiltrating mass that was suppressed in fat-suppression mode. The extensive mass was causing right ventricular dysfunction, so we excised it through a right ventricular approach. The findings on histologic analysis of the mass were consistent with lipomatous hypertrophy. The patient died of septic shock on the 28th postoperative day. In addition to the patient''s case, we discuss the characteristics and diagnosis of this rare entity.     

Resolution of Right-Sided Heart Failure Symptoms after Resection of a Primary Ovarian Carcinoid Tumor

Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine malignancies that typically originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Patients who are diagnosed with carcinoid heart disease generally have poor prognoses because of advanced metastases during staging and few therapeutic options. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with right-sided heart failure, secondary to carcinoid heart disease caused by a primary ovarian carcinoid tumor. After undergoing surgical resection of the left ovary and fallopian tube, the patient experienced complete resolution of her heart failure symptoms. In addition to the patient''s case, we discuss the diagnosis, nature, and treatment of this rare condition.     

Prompt Recognition of Left Ventricular Free-Wall Rupture Aided by the Use of Contrast Echocardiography

In the modern period of reperfusion, left ventricular free-wall rupture occurs in less than 1% of myocardial infarctions. Typically, acute left ventricular free-wall rupture leads to sudden death from immediate cardiac tamponade. We present the case of a 59-year-old woman who sustained a posterior-wall myocardial infarction and subsequent cardiac arrest with pulseless electrical activity. A bedside transthoracic echocardiogram showed pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Emergency pericardiocentesis yielded 500 mL of blood, and spontaneous circulation returned. Contrast-enhanced echocardiograms revealed inferolateral akinesis and a new, small myocardial slit with systolic extrusion of contrast medium, consistent with left ventricular free-wall rupture. During immediate open-heart surgery, a small hole in an area of necrotic tissue was discovered and repaired. This case highlights the usefulness of bedside contrast-enhanced echocardiography in confirming acute left ventricular free-wall rupture and enabling rapid surgical treatment.     

Conservative Management of Cardiac Hemangioma for 11 Years

Cardiac hemangiomas are benign tumors with an unpredictable natural history. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice; however, conservative management can be an alternative in some patients.We report a case of a left-sided cardiac hemangioma that we managed conservatively for 11 years without obvious major complications in the patient, an adult woman.     

Benefits and Limitations of Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnosis of a Primary Cardiac Lymphoma

Primary cardiac tumors are far rarer than tumors metastatic to the heart. Angiosarcoma is the primary cardiac neoplasm most frequently detected; lymphomas constitute only 1% of primary cardiac tumors.We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a recently diagnosed intracardiac mass who was referred to our institution for consideration of urgent orthotopic heart transplantation. Initial images suggested an angiosarcoma; however, a biopsy specimen of the mass was diagnostic for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent chemotherapy rather than surgery, and she was asymptomatic 34 months later.We use our patient''s case to discuss the benefits and limitations of multiple imaging methods in the evaluation of cardiac masses. Certain features revealed by computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography can suggest a diagnosis of angiosarcoma rather than lymphoma. Cardiac magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography enable reliable distinction between benign and malignant tumors; however, the characteristics of different malignant tumors can overlap. Despite the great usefulness of multiple imaging methods for timely diagnosis, defining the extent of spread and the hemodynamic impact, and monitoring responses to treatment, we think that biopsy analysis is still warranted in order to obtain a correct histologic diagnosis in cases of suspected malignant cardiac tumors.     

Effects of hypoxia, hyperoxia on the regulation of expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in hepatic stellate cells

AIM To study the effects of hypoxia,hyperoxia on theregulation of expression and activity of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in hepatic stellate cells(HSC).METHODS The expressions of MMP-2,tissue inhibitor ofmatrix metalloproteinass-2 (TIMP-2) and membrane typematrix matalloproteinass-1 (MT1-MMP) in cultured rat HSCwere detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and in situhybridization (ISH).The contents of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 inculture supernatant were detected with ELISA and theactivity of MMP-2 in supernatant was revealed byzymography.RESULTS In the situation of hypoxia for 12h,theexpression of MMP-2 protein was enhanced (hypoxiagroup positive indexes:5.7±2.0,n=10;control:3.2±1.0,n=7;P<0.05),while TIMP-2 protein was decreasedin HSC (hypoxla group positive indexes:2.5±0.7,n=10;control:3.6±1.0,n=7;P<0.05),and the activity(total A) of MMP-2 in suparnatant declined obviously(hypoxla group:7.334±1.922,n=9;control:17.277±7.424,n=11;P<0.01).Compared the varied duration ofhypoxia,the changes of expressions Including mRNA andprotein level as well as activity of MMP-2 were mostnotable in 6 h group.The highest value (Ahypoxla~-Acontrol) ofthe protein and the most intense signal of mRNA were inthe period of hypoxia for 6 h,along with the lowestactivity of MMP-2.In the situation of hyparoxia for 12 h,the contents (A_(450)) of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in supernatantwere both higher than those in the control,especially theTIMP-2 (hyperoxla group:0.0499±0.0144,n=16;control:0.0219±0.0098,n=14;P<0.01),and so wasthe activity of MMP-2 (hyperoxia group:5.252±0.771,n=14;control:4.304±1.083,n=12;P<0.05),and the expression of MT1-MMP was increased.CONCLUSION HSC is sensitive to the oxygen,hypoxiaenhances the expression of MMP-2 and the effect is moremarked at the early stage;hyperoxia mainly raises theactivity of MMP-2.     

Unusual Presentation of Listerial Myocarditis and the Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Listeria monocytogenes is an infrequent cause of bacterial myocarditis. Myocarditis without evidence of endocarditis is even rarer. Management in such cases involves early diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, and emergency treatment of arrhythmias.We report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with features of acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular tachycardia that necessitated urgent electrical cardioversion. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images revealed hypertrophy, necrosis, and a mass that was determined to be an abscess caused by L. monocytogenes. Antibiotic treatment led to resolution of the listerial myocarditis.In addition to reporting our patient''s case, we discuss the comparative advantages of cardiac magnetic resonance versus transthoracic echocardiography in characterizing myocarditis, upon presentation and in follow-up evaluation.     

Importance of Absent Ductus Arteriosus in Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome

Tetralogy of Fallot without pulmonary valve syndrome is almost always associated with an absent ductus arteriosus. Patients with right aortic arch and retroesophageal left subclavian artery have a vascular ring if the left ductus arteriosus or its remnant and the Kommerell diverticulum are present. We report the cases of 2 infants in whom the role of an absent ductus arteriosus or its remnant is noteworthy. Both patients had a combination of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome and right aortic arch with retroesophageal left subclavian artery without a vascular ring. The absence of the ductus arteriosus has a role in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. The absence of a ductus arteriosus in the right aortic arch with retroesophageal left subclavian artery precludes a vascular ring.     

Effect of Electrocautery on Endothelial Integrity of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Ultrastructural Analysis with Transmission Electron Microscopy

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is typically harvested from the chest wall by means of conventional electrocautery. We investigated the effects of electrocautery on endothelial-cell and vessel-wall morphology at the ultrastructural level during ITA harvesting.Internal thoracic artery specimens from 20 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated in 2 groups. The ITA grafts were sharply dissected with use of a scalpel and clips in the control group (n=10) and were harvested by means of electrocautery in the study group (n=10). Each sample was evaluated for intimal, elastic-tissue, muscular-layer, and adventitial changes. Free flow was measured intraoperatively. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin-eosin and Masson''s trichrome staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells and vessel walls of each ITA.In the sharp-dissection group, the endothelial surfaces were lined with normal amounts of original endothelium, endothelial cells were distinctly attached to the basal lamina, cytoplasmic organelles were evident, and intercellular junctional complexes were intact. Conversely, in the electrocautery group, the morphologic integrity of endothelial cells was distorted, with some cell separations and splits, contracted cells, numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and no visible cytoplasmic organelles. The subendothelial layer exhibited disintegration. Free ITA flow was higher in the sharp-dissection group (P=0.04).The integrity of endothelial cells can be better preserved when the ITA is mobilized by means of sharp dissection, rather than solely by electrocautery; we recommend a combined approach.