多层螺旋CT在完全性肺静脉异位引流中的应用价值

目的探讨小儿完全性肺静脉异位引流在多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)中的特点,提高MSCTA对小儿完全性肺静脉异位引流的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年1月~2015年12月我院收治的经手术证实的完全性肺静脉异位引流患者18例作为研究对象,所有患者应用多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)检查,观察异位引流静脉的位置、形态及合并的心脏畸形,并与超声心动图检查结果进行对比。结果 18例完全性肺静脉异位引流患者中包括心上型8例,心内型2例,心下型4例,混合型4例。结论多层螺旋CT在诊断完全性肺静脉异位引流中具有重要作用,是一种无创并可靠有效的检查方法。     

小儿三房心超声诊断

目的　本文重点观察小儿三房心的超声心动图诊断 ,并对误诊病例进行分析。方法　 3 5例三房心患者全部行超声心动检查 ,16例行心导管和 /或造影检查 ,3 1例经手术治疗。结果　 3 5例患者超声心动图确诊 2 4例 ,误诊 11例病例 ,其中 6例误诊为肺静脉异位引流。结论　三房心是一种罕见的先天性心血管畸形 ,临床和超声心动图易被误诊、漏诊 ,在诊断过程中应特别注意与肺静脉异位引流鉴别。     

多层螺旋CT对先天性心脏病的诊断价值研究

目的研究多层螺旋CT对先天性心脏病的诊断价值。方法选取我院2014年1月~2015年1月收治的先天性心脏病患者90例作为研究对象。所有患者均接受多层螺旋CT、心血管造影、心脏超声进行检查,并将三种检查结果进行比较分析;所有患者最终均通过临床诊断、综合检查确诊为先天性心脏病。观察临床最终确诊结果,多层螺旋CT、心血管造影、心脏超声三种检查方法的检出率。结果所有患者均为先天性心脏病患者;层螺旋CT、心血管造影对先天性心脏病患者的检出率均高于心脏超声检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);多层螺旋CT、心血管造影对先天性心脏病患者的检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT用于先天性心脏病诊断,具有较高的检出率,且无创伤性,安全性高,值得临床推广使用。     

64层螺旋CT与超声心动图联合诊断复杂先天性心脏病的临床价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT与超声心动图联合诊断复杂先天性心脏病(CCHD)的临床价值。方法选取我院CCHD患者88例作为研究对象,对患者进行64层螺旋CT、超声心动图检查,以手术结果作为金标准,评价64层螺旋CT、超声心动图以及二者联合检测心脏畸形的诊断效能。结果 88例患者手术治疗共发现146处畸形,其中心脏部分畸形52处,心脏-大血管连接部分畸形31处,大血管部分畸形63处。64层螺旋CT检查共检测出133处畸形与手术所见符合,诊断符合率为91.10%;超声心动图检查共检出129处畸形与手术所见符合,诊断符合率为88.36%;64层螺旋CT和超声心动图联合检查共检出142处畸形与手术所见符合,诊断符合率为97.26%。64层螺旋CT检查诊断畸形的诊断符合率和超声心动图检查比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);二者联合检查诊断畸形的诊断符合率显著高于单独用64层螺旋CT检查或超声心动图检查的诊断符合率,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 64层螺旋CT、超声心动图检查诊断CCHD具有无创、准确、快速、价廉的特点,两者各有优势和不足,联合诊断能够显著提高诊断的准确率,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

异位引流入上腔静脉的心上型肺静脉异位引流的超声诊断漏诊和误诊原因分析

目的:探讨超声心动图诊断异位引流入上腔静脉的心上型肺静脉异位引流(SAPVC)的漏诊和误诊原因。方法:回顾分析19例均经CT和(或)手术证实且矫治成功的SAPVC异位引流入上腔静脉的超声心动图特征,评估术前和术后上腔静脉内径、血流速度、汇入位置及合并畸形,分析其诊断准确率及漏诊和误诊率。结果:19例SAPVC(14例部分型、3例完全型和2例混合型)的异位肺静脉开口于上腔静脉,超声确诊9例(47.37%)、漏诊7例(36.84%)、误诊3例(15.78%)。肺静脉变异支数共13例(12例5支、1例7支),其变异率为68.42%,且汇入上腔静脉的部位多见近心段。16例合并简单先天性心脏病,3例合并主动脉缩窄、永存左上腔、二叶式主动脉瓣等心内畸形。结论:经胸超声心动图容易漏诊或误诊异位引流入上腔静脉的SAPVC。全面扫查胸骨旁、剑突下及胸骨上窝上腔静脉长轴观察有无异常静脉血流汇入上腔静脉,加强伪像、正常或异常心内结构鉴别及联合CT可降低漏、误诊率。     

完全性肺静脉异位引流诊断中超声心动图的应用

目的探讨超声心动图在完全型肺静脉异位引流（TAPVC）诊断中的应用价值。方法22例TAPVC患儿,均经手术证实诊断,术前均行超声心动图检查,比较超声心动图检查结果与手术诊断TAPVC的符合率。结果手术确诊TAPVC为心上型12例、心内型5例、心下型2例、混合型4例。超声心动图检查诊断TAPVC为中心上型12例、心内型5例、心下型2例、混合型3例。超声心动图检查对TAPVC的正确诊断率为100％,回流途径准确诊断率90．9％（1例超声心动图诊断为心内型TAPVC,共同肺静脉通过冠状静脉窦引流入右房,手术结果为心上合并心内型TAPVC。1例超声提示心上型TAPVC,垂直静脉经无名静脉入上腔静脉,术中见双侧垂直静脉汇入上腔静脉）。结论超声心动图可以正确地诊断和评估TAPVC。     

肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图的诊断价值及漏误诊分析

【摘要】 目的 分析先天性心脏病肺静脉异位引流（APVC）彩色多普勒超声心动图图像特征,评价超声心动图对APVC的诊断价值,分析漏、误诊的原因,提高超声心动图技术对APVC诊断的准确性。方法 选择经心外科手术明确为APVC的22例患儿为研究对象,对其超声心动图检查结果及手术效果进行回顾性分析。结果 22例患儿中,超声诊断符合18例（81.8%）;超声误诊2例、漏诊2例（18.2%）,其中2例部分型肺静脉异位引流术前超声心动图误诊为房间隔缺损;漏诊的2例患者中,一例漏诊共同肺静脉干梗阻,合并畸形中,1例漏诊动脉导管未闭。22例患儿均合并其他心血管系统畸形。结论 超声心动图技术可以诊断APVC,但容易漏误诊。     

多层螺旋CT在小儿先天性心脏病诊断中的应用分析

目的分析小儿先天性心脏病诊断中多层螺旋CT的应用价值。方法选取本院2013年6月~2014年12月收治的先天性心脏病患儿53例为研究对象,观察多层螺旋CT及超声心动图的诊断准确性。结果多层螺旋CT诊断准确率高于超声心动图,且心外畸形准确率高于超声心动图,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两种方法在心内畸形诊断准确率,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小儿先天性心脏病诊断中,多层螺旋CT具有较高的诊断准确率,临床应用价值较高。     

先天性心脏和大血管畸形的电子束计算机断层摄影术诊断--与超声心动图的对照研究

目的:探讨电子束计算机断层摄影术(EBT)和超声心动图在先天性心脏和大血管畸形诊断中的价值. 方法:收集34例分别经超声心动图和EBT检查的心脏和大血管畸形诊断资料,其中18例经心血管造影检查证实,21例有手术结果对照.结果:EBT诊断符合率82.4%,超声心动图诊断符合率73.5%.EBT对心外大血管畸形诊断准确率为97.9%,明显优于超声心动图(53.2%).而超声心动图对心内畸形的诊断准确率为95.9%,高于EBT(81.6%).对大血管与心室、房室连接处的畸形二者的诊断准确率基本相同.结论:超声心动图与EBT检查相结合,可明显提高先天性心脏病的诊断准确率,减少有创的心血管造影检查.     

256层iCT低剂量技术在小儿先天性心脏病复杂畸形诊断中的应用

目的探讨256层螺旋CT(Brilliance i CT)在小儿先天性心脏病复杂畸形诊断中的应用价值。方法总结临床手术证实的先天性心脏病复杂畸形患儿28例的256层i CT图像特点,所选患儿CT检查前均行超声心动图检查,将CT检查结果与超声心动图检查及手术结果进行对比。结果 28例患儿共发现畸形68处,心内畸形28处,经256层i CT CT血管造影(CTA)检查检出率为82.1%,超声心动图(UCG)检出率为100%;心外畸形40处,256层i CT CTA检查检出率为92.5%,UCG检出率为77.5%。结论 256层i CT对小儿先天性心脏病心内畸形的诊断不及UCG,尤其在血管间的连接和走行、立体空间分布及大血管畸形等方面的诊断有其独特的优势,二者相结合,可有效提高术前诊断的准确率。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.