国家基本药物制度与沙井街道社康中心病人就诊流向

目的探讨国家基本药物制度对社区健康服务中心(社康中心)病人就诊流向的影响,为合理分流病人提供理论支持。方法分别统计沙井街道20家社康中心2010年和2011年的门诊量,计算社康中心门诊量占全院总门诊量的百分比,进行比较。结果实施国家基本药物制度后,社康中心门诊量占医院总门诊量比例增加10%,门诊病人由医院向社康中心合理分流。结论实施国家基本药物制度起到一定的合理分流病人作用,促进了社区卫生服务发展。     

深圳市院办院管模式运行现状及改革试点措施研究

目的全面了解深圳市院办院管模式的运行现状,分析社区健康服务中心改革试点措施的实施效果。方法对3个区麸计65家社区健康服务中心进行问卷调查,同时深入访谈相关知情人。结栗深圳市社区健康服务中心诊疗服务量占全市诊疗量的比重由2004年的20．0％上升至2010年的31．3％．门诊次均诊疗费用则由2005年的59．1元下降至2010年的45．6元。调研地区2009年门诊次均费用水平均低于全国平均水平。差异具有统计学意义（P=0．000）。结论深圳市社区健康服务中心网络已基本实现社区全覆盖和人口全覆盖．社区健康服务中心的改革试点进一步完善了院办院管模式的运行机制和管理架构。     

An evaluation of community health center adoption of online health information

Health care providers and patients in community health centers often lack access to online scientific and patient education resources. These resources can improve medical decision making and promote communication between provider and patient. In 2000, a community health information program, Partners for Health Information, provided 10 community health centers in Washington, D.C. with computers, training, and consumer health resources, supplemented with visits to coach patients and staff in their use. The purpose of this study is to assess the adoption of the use of online health information among staff in seven of these health centers. The methods of this evaluation were designed to measure frequency of patient referral by health center staff to online health information and to describe providers' perceptions of the barriers and enablers to using online resources. Recommendations made by respondents can be used to modify the Partners program and guide the development of other similar programs.     

大型三甲医院与政府联合举办社区卫生服务中心运作模式分析

大型三级甲等医院与区政府联合举办社区卫生服务中心,缓解医院门诊压力,解决居民看病难问题,同时为出院患者提供延续治疗服务。此模式社区卫生服务中心业务用房和医疗设施设备的配置均由地方政府免费提供,交由医院独立经营管理,服从地方卫生主管部门的行业管理。该中心成立三年以来,随着知晓率不断提升,业务工作量逐年呈现大幅度上升,相当于成都相似规模其它社区卫生服务中心的3倍以上,病人满意度大于99%。三甲医院与区政府联合举办社区卫生服务中心,高水平的基本医疗技术赢得了社区居民的高度信任,极大的提高了中心的知名度,促进了公共卫生服务的开展;公共卫生服务的有序开展进一步提升了中心基本医疗业务的知晓率,促进居民选择就近就医,真正实现了分级诊疗。     

贵州省基层医疗机构数字化远程医疗设备使用情况调查

目的 对基层医疗机构9种数字化远程医疗设备使用情况及影响因素进行调查,为推动贵州远程医疗服务工作更好地开展提供政策建议。方法 随机抽取全省207家基层医疗机构（乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务中心）,对其9种数字化远程医疗设备使用情况进行问卷调查;对10家乡镇卫生院负责人进行访谈调查。结果 使用9种设备的基层医疗机构数、检测总人次数均呈逐年增加趋势。至2019年6月,79.7%～88.9%机构使用DR、静态心电、彩超;37.7%～56.5%机构使用全自动生化分析仪、尿液分析仪、电解质分析仪、血球检验仪;动态心电、全科诊疗仪基本未使用;贵州各市州远程医疗设备使用情况有差异,其中六盘水市、黔西南州日常仅使用DR、静态心电、彩超。访谈结果显示,缺乏专业技术人才、就诊人数少、医患双方对远程医疗认知度不高等问题是影响设备使用的因素。结论 数字化远程医疗设备在基层医疗机构的使用情况逐年向好,但仍应重点加强对远程医疗服务的宣传和相应专业人才的培养。在设备配置上不搞“一刀切”,重点加强六盘水市、黔西南州以及就诊人数多、距离较偏远的基层医疗机构的远程医疗服务建设。     

社区卫生服务中心参与医养结合服务现状研究

目的:分析社区卫生服务中心通过不同方式参与医养结合服务的主要做法,为社区卫生服务中心参与医养结合服务提供建议。方法:采取目的抽样法,在东、中、西部各选取开展医养结合服务且具有代表性的上海市、武汉市、重庆市共6家社区卫生服务中心进行现场调查。运用主题框架分析法对资料进行分析。结果:调研地区社区卫生服务中心参与医养结合服务主要包括社区卫生服务中心参与居家养老、社区养老、养老机构养老以及社区卫生服务中心提供养老服务等。每个调研地区社区卫生服务中心参与不同种类医养结合服务的服务对象、主体、方式和内容均有所不同。目前社区卫生服务中心参与医养结合尚缺乏统一的行业标准,部门间仍需要进一步协同,社区卫生服务中心参与医养结合服务的程度有限。结论:顶层设计需要考虑到社区卫生服务中心辖区居民的需求以及机构服务能力,制定老年人统一照护需求评估标准,确定社区卫生服务中心提供服务的内容与对象,同时加强信息化建设,提高社区卫生服务中心的服务效率。     

Update on Medicare‐funded allied health chronic disease management consultations in dietetics and the five most referred professions in 2010

Aim: Uptake of Medicare‐funded chronic disease management items has increased exponentially since the programme commenced in 2004. We aim to report on national utilisation of the five most referred of 13 allied health services and to examine patient uptake rates. Methods: Annual statistics generated from national Medicare billing data from January 2010 to December 2010 were extracted from the Medicare public database and compared by profession, state and per capita population. Results: The five most utilised individual services were: (in decreasing order) podiatry, physiotherapy, dietetics, chiropractic and speech pathology. They provided 94% of all allied health consultations nationally, on referral from general practitioners. Per capita utilisation revealed wide variation in uptake by state and territory; some states had far less services than the national average. Patterns of referral instanced by age range and gender of clientele differed between professions. Most dietetics clients were middle aged (45–74 years) and this fits with expectations of chronic disease incidence. There was inequity of access to group services for the management of type 2 diabetes, with most services (85%) provided in South Australia and New South Wales. Conclusion: Dietetics providers have maintained and improved their referral rate and continue to be the third most utilised Medicare chronic disease management allied health service. Six years into the programme, further exploration is warranted to understand the reasons for wide variation in rates of patient uptake for the service provider professions.     

Clinical Quality Performance in U.S. Health Centers

Objective

To describe current clinical quality among the nation''s community health centers and to examine health center characteristics associated with performance excellence.

Data Sources

National data from the 2009 Uniform Data System.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Health centers reviewed patient records and reported aggregate data to the Uniform Data System.

Study Design

Six measures were examined: first-trimester prenatal care, childhood immunization completion, Pap tests, low birth weight, controlled hypertension, and controlled diabetes. The top 25 percent performing centers were compared with lower performing (bottom 75 percent) centers on these measures. Logistic regressions were utilized to assess the impact of patient, provider, and institutional characteristics on health center performance.

Principal Findings

Clinical care and outcomes among health centers were generally comparable to national averages. For instance, 67 percent of pregnant patients received timely prenatal care (national = 68 percent), 69 percent of children achieved immunization completion (national = 67 percent), and 63 percent of hypertensive patients had blood pressure under control (national = 48 percent). Depending on the measure, centers with more uninsured patients were less likely to do well, while centers with more physicians and enabling service providers were more likely to do well.

Conclusions

Health centers provide quality care at rates comparable to national averages. Performance may be improved by increasing insurance coverage among patients and increasing the ratios of physicians and enabling service providers to patients.     

Implementation of Telemedicine in a Tertiary Hospital–Based Ambulatory Practice in Detroit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has forced the health care delivery structure to change rapidly. The pandemic has further widened the disparities in health care and exposed vulnerable populations. Health care services caring for such populations must not only continue to operate but create innovative methods of care delivery without compromising safety. We present our experience of incorporating telemedicine in our university hospital–based outpatient clinic in one of the worst-hit areas in the world.ObjectiveOur goal is to assess the adoption of a telemedicine service in the first month of its implementation in outpatient practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also want to assess the need for transitioning to telemedicine, the benefits and challenges in doing so, and ongoing solutions during the initial phase of the implementation of telemedicine services for our patients.MethodsWe conducted a prospective review of clinic operations data from the first month of a telemedicine rollout in the outpatient adult ambulatory clinic from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. A telemedicine visit was defined as synchronous audio-video communication between the provider and patient for clinical care longer than 5 minutes or if the video visit converted to a telephone visit after 5 minutes due to technical problems. We recorded the number of telemedicine visits scheduled, visits completed, and the time for each visit. We also noted the most frequent billing codes used based on the time spent in the patient care and the number of clinical tasks (eg, activity suggested through diagnosis or procedural code) that were addressed remotely by the physicians.ResultsDuring the study period, we had 110 telemedicine visits scheduled, of which 94 (85.4%) visits were completed. The average duration of the video visit was 35 minutes, with the most prolonged visit lasting 120 minutes. Of 94 patients, 24 (25.54%) patients were recently discharged from the hospital, and 70 (74.46%) patients were seen for urgent care needs. There was a 50% increase from the baseline in the number of clinical tasks that were addressed by the physicians during the pandemic.ConclusionsThere was a high acceptance of telemedicine services by the patients, which was evident by a high show rate during the COVID-19 pandemic in Detroit. With limited staffing, restricted outpatient work hours, a shortage of providers, and increased outpatient needs, telemedicine was successfully implemented in our practice.     

福州零差率试点社区卫生机构配备和使用基本药物情况跟踪调查

目的：分析福州地区零差率试点社区卫生服务中心配备和使用基本药物情况,了解国家基本药物制度推行过程中存在的问题。方法：通过结构式访谈向相关社区卫生服务中心负责人了解机构配备和使用基本药物情况及其相关问题;采用SPSS进行数据资料分析。结果：8家纳入零差率销售试点的机构不同程度地配备和使用了基本药物,但也存在目录外药品配备和使用比例较高等问题。结论：要不断完善相关配套政策,加强舆论宣传和教育引导,以促进基本药物制度持续良性地运作。     

用标准成本法测算社区公共卫生服务项目成本

本研究抽取北京市丰台区7家社区卫生服务中心,采用定性访谈和现场问卷调查,了解2008年公共卫生服务项目开展情况和成本信息,运用标准成本法进行公共卫生服务项目成本测算,得到社区公共卫生服务项目户籍人口人均成本为25．30元,加上流动人口后的实际服务人口人均成本为14．61元。     

城市居民对社区卫生服务中现有服务模式的满意度分析

分析社区卫生服务中心供需双方的满意度及其原因,提出提升满意度的建议。

从上海市16个区247家社区卫生服务中心进行随机抽样,通过现场问卷调查的方式对在职员工及就诊患者进行数据采集。

本次调查社区卫生服务中心返回合格问卷10 334份。其中,7 712份来自社区居民患者,2 622份来自社区卫生服务中心在职员工。2021年,公众对社区卫生服务中心满意度评分为96.51分,员工总体满意度得分为94.08分;其中,公众对门诊基本药物配备满意度较低,而员工对薪酬福利、工作认同以及职业发展满意度较低。家庭医生签约服务方面,有73.38%的公众签约了家庭医生,仍有23.57%的公众不了解家庭医生签约服务,16.18%的公众认为需要增强对基本公共卫生服务的宣传力度。

公众对社区卫生服务整体服务满意度逐步提升,社区卫生基本医疗服务受居民认可,药物配备亟待改进,宣传推广有待进一步加强。员工总体满意度高,但在薪酬福利、工作认同、职业拓展等方面需进一步提升。

     

Comparison of alternative sources of data on health service encounters

OBJECTIVES: Due to the paucity and incompleteness of routine databases, many areas of health services research rely on the accuracy of individuals' recollections of health service encounters. The objective of this study is to explore differences between patient and physician recall of health care resource use by employing data from two randomized controlled trials. METHODS: Data on the frequency of use of community-based health services were reported by both patients and their general practitioners (GPs) at three-month intervals for the first year after randomization. Analysis compared the completeness of data collected, the level of agreement between GPs and patients and differences in the estimated cost of community services. Further analysis assessed the impact of patient characteristics on reporting. RESULTS: Data provided by GPs were less likely to be complete than patient data. There were significant differences between GPs and patients in their reported use of certain community services, particularly in relation to GP-patient contacts. However, this did not lead to significant differences in estimates of costs. Patient characteristics influenced the level of agreement with GPs, but not the proportion of forms completed. CONCLUSIONS: In research in which the use of community resources is a major component of costs, differential estimates of resource use may influence study results. Further research is required to identify optimal data collection methods for health service encounters. Where possible, studies should incorporate estimates of resource use from a variety of sources and conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results.     

Perceptions of Local Health Care Quality in 7 Rural Communities with Telemedicine

CONTEXT: Rural health services are difficult to maintain because of low patient volumes, limited numbers of providers, and unfavorable economies of scale. Rural patients may perceive poor quality in local health care, directly impacting the sustainability of local health care services. PURPOSE: This study examines perceptions of local health care quality in 7 rural, underserved communities where telemedicine was implemented. This study also assesses factors associated with travel outside of local communities for health care services. METHODS: Community-based pretelemedicine and posttelemedicine random telephone surveys were conducted in 7 northern California rural communities assessing local residents' perceptions of health care quality and the frequency of travel outside their community for health care services. Five-hundred rural residents were interviewed in each of the pretelemedicine and posttelemedicine surveys. Between surveys, telemedicine services were made available in each of the communities. FINDINGS: Residents aware of telemedicine services in their community had a significantly higher opinion of local health care quality (P =.002). Satisfaction with telemedicine was rated high by both rural providers and patients. Residents with lower opinions of local health care quality were more likely to have traveled out of their community for medical care services (P =.014). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of telemedicine into rural communities is associated with increases in the local communities' perception of local health care quality. Therefore, is it possible that telemedicine may result in a decrease in the desire and need for local patients to travel outside of their community for health care services.     

基于重点考核指标的深圳市社区健康服务发展现状分析

目的 分析深圳市社区健康服务的发展现状,发现其中的薄弱环节,为深圳市社区健康服务进一步的提升和完善提供科学依据.方法 在深圳市10个区各随机选择1个区域性社区健康服务中心,使用优化后的重点考核指标进行考核,包括3个一级指标以及18个二级指标,采用变异系数衡量各项指标的不均衡性.结果 深圳市10家社康中心综合平均得分为7...     

社区卫生服务中心与乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务成本比较研究——以成都市为例

目的比较社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院基本公共卫生服务成本,为政府完善基本公共卫生服务补偿机制,以及建立可持续发展的基本公共卫生服务体制提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,从成都市抽取10家社区卫生服务中心和20家乡镇卫生院,调查其2010年开展基本公共卫生服务项目所花费的时间和物质消耗情况。运用时间分配系数法,测算基层医疗机构开展基本公共卫生服务所花费的实际成本。结果 2010年社区卫生服务中心与乡镇卫生院开展基本公共卫生服务单位项目实际成本和人均成本都存在一定的差异。结论政府应根据社区卫生服务中心和乡镇卫生院开展基本公共卫生服务成本状况,采取不同的补偿和管理策略。     

武汉社区康复需求现状：预实验研究

目的实验从机构、康复工作人员及社区居民3个层面对社区康复现状及需求进行调查。方法分别对武汉5家社区卫生服务机构、29名机构内康复工作者及42名社区居民进行社区康复现状及需求调查。结果社区卫生服务机构均缺乏系统康复医疗设备。康复工作人员缺乏系统康复知识及技能,其所提供服务以中医康复为主。超过半数居民首选社区康复服务,而方便快捷及价格适宜等为主要原因。结论研究将为在全国范围内开展社区康复需求现状调查提供依据,从而为建立完善的社区康复护理服务体系提供参考。     

社区卫生服务中心特定人群保健现状分析

目的 了解中国城市社区卫生服务中心特定人群保健功能的开展情况,发现制约功能任务发挥的主要障碍,为完善我国基层卫生组织功能提供科学的政策依据。方法 在全国31个省市进行大样本量的机构抽样调查,共调查社区卫生服务中心116家,并随机抽取50名相关人员进行关键知情者访谈。结果 社区卫生服务中心平均开展12.0项特定人群保健服务,占应开展项目数的46.3%;一、二、三级项目的开展比例分别为62.4%,39.9%和25.2%。结论 制定有效的激励机制,提高基层卫生人员数量和能力,并加大政府的财力、物力支持,以完善我国城市基层卫生机构的特定人群保健功能。     

Evaluation of South Carolina's HIV/AIDS community long-term care Medicaid waiver: cost comparison and patient satisfaction

South Carolina's HIV/AIDS community long-term care Medicaid (Section 2179) waiver is evaluated via cost comparison and patient satisfaction measures. The waiver offers personal care aids, adult day care, counseling, home meals, hospice, private-duty nursing, and foster care supervision in addition to regular Medicaid services. Services to 111 eligible individuals and 52 individuals pending eligibility are evaluated by five methods. A cost comparison is conducted by comparing the cost per patient eligible day of the waiver recipients with those of a comparable group of HIV/AIDS Medicaid patients who did not participate in the waiver. The waiver services are shown to cost less than services delivered to comparable recipients. Costs per patient eligible day were $35.68 and $68.56 for the waiver patients and non-waiver patients, respectively. Telephone surveys, focus groups, provider compliance reviews, and patient record reviews were used to assess patient satisfaction and quality of care. Waiver patients were satisfied with the program overall and with the service managers who are responsible for coordinating services. Problems are identified with personal care aid performance and TB testing for health care providers. A shortage of dentists willing to see waiver patients and delays in the eligibility process are also identified. In spite of small problems, the South Carolina's HIV/AIDS community long-term care Medicaid waiver program is considered a success.     

社区卫生服务机构心理卫生服务能力现状调查

目的了解本区域内社区卫生服务机构的心理卫生服务能力现况。方法对全区13家社区卫生服务中心、115名精防医生进行问卷调查,包括社区卫生服务机构的精神卫生服务人员基本情况、具备心理咨询资质情况、心理咨询师的服务情况、机构关于心理卫生服务的计划与打算等内容。结果13家社区卫生服务中心共有26名心理咨询师,但其中1家机构的咨询师达18名之多,占69．23％;在承担社区精神卫生服务的115名精防医生中,具有心理咨询师资质的只有1名,仅占0．87％;社区中26名心理咨询师平时以不同形式提供心理卫生服务的只有5名,仅占19．23％。结论社区卫生服务机构的心理卫生服务资源缺乏、分布不均、利用率不高,亟需加强社区心理卫生服务能力建设。