Probing dynamic myocardial microstructure with cardiac magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging

This article is an invited editorial comment on the paper entitled “In vivo cardiovascular magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging shows evidence of abnormal myocardial laminar orientations and mobility in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” by Ferreira et al., and published as Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2014; 16:87.     

Coronary microvascular ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - a pixel-wise quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion study

Background

Microvascular dysfunction in HCM has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Advances in quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) perfusion imaging now allow myocardial blood flow to be quantified at the pixel level. We applied these techniques to investigate the spectrum of microvascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and to explore its relationship with fibrosis and wall thickness.

Methods

CMR perfusion imaging was undertaken during adenosine-induced hyperemia and again at rest in 35 patients together with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. Myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified on a pixel-by-pixel basis from CMR perfusion images using a Fermi-constrained deconvolution algorithm. Regions-of-interest (ROI) in hypoperfused and hyperemic myocardium were identified from the MBF pixel maps. The myocardium was also divided into 16 AHA segments.

Results

Resting MBF was significantly higher in the endocardium than in the epicardium (mean ± SD: 1.25 ± 0.35 ml/g/min versus 1.20 ± 0.35 ml/g/min, P < 0.001), a pattern that reversed with stress (2.00 ± 0.76 ml/g/min versus 2.36 ± 0.83 ml/g/min, P < 0.001). ROI analysis revealed 11 (31%) patients with stress MBF lower than resting values (1.05 ± 0.39 ml/g/min versus 1.22 ± 0.36 ml/g/min, P = 0.021). There was a significant negative association between hyperemic MBF and wall thickness (β = −0.047 ml/g/min per mm, 95% CI: −0.057 to −0.038, P < 0.001) and a significantly lower probability of fibrosis in a segment with increasing hyperemic MBF (odds ratio per ml/g/min: 0.086, 95% CI: 0.078 to 0.095, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Pixel-wise quantitative CMR perfusion imaging identifies a subgroup of patients with HCM that have localised severe microvascular dysfunction which may give rise to myocardial ischemia.     

Comparison of diffusion tensor imaging by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and gadolinium enhanced 3D image intensity approaches to investigation of structural anisotropy in explanted rat hearts

Background

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can through the two methods 3D FLASH and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) give complementary information on the local orientations of cardiomyocytes and their laminar arrays.

Methods

Eight explanted rat hearts were perfused with Gd-DTPA contrast agent and fixative and imaged in a 9.4T magnet by two types of acquisition: 3D fast low angle shot (FLASH) imaging, voxels 50 × 50 × 50 μm, and 3D spin echo DTI with monopolar diffusion gradients of 3.6 ms duration at 11.5 ms separation, voxels 200 × 200 × 200 μm. The sensitivity of each approach to imaging parameters was explored.

Results

The FLASH data showed laminar alignments of voxels with high signal, in keeping with the presumed predominance of contrast in the interstices between sheetlets. It was analysed, using structure-tensor (ST) analysis, to determine the most (v₁^ST), intermediate (v₂^ST) and least (v₃^ST) extended orthogonal directions of signal continuity. The DTI data was analysed to determine the most (e₁^DTI), intermediate (e₂^DTI) and least (e₃^DTI) orthogonal eigenvectors of extent of diffusion. The correspondence between the FLASH and DTI methods was measured and appraised. The most extended direction of FLASH signal (v₁^ST) agreed well with that of diffusion (e₁^DTI) throughout the left ventricle (representative discrepancy in the septum of 13.3 ± 6.7°: median ± absolute deviation) and both were in keeping with the expected local orientations of the long-axis of cardiomyocytes. However, the orientation of the least directions of FLASH signal continuity (v₃^ST) and diffusion (e₃^ST) showed greater discrepancies of up to 27.9 ± 17.4°. Both FLASH (v₃^ST) and DTI (e₃^DTI) where compared to directly measured laminar arrays in the FLASH images. For FLASH the discrepancy between the structure-tensor calculated v₃^ST and the directly measured FLASH laminar array normal was of 9 ± 7° for the lateral wall and 7 ± 9° for the septum (median ± inter quartile range), and for DTI the discrepancy between the calculated v₃^DTI and the directly measured FLASH laminar array normal was 22 ± 14° and 61 ± 53.4°. DTI was relatively insensitive to the number of diffusion directions and to time up to 72 hours post fixation, but was moderately affected by b-value (which was scaled by modifying diffusion gradient pulse strength with fixed gradient pulse separation). Optimal DTI parameters were b = 1000 mm/s² and 12 diffusion directions. FLASH acquisitions were relatively insensitive to the image processing parameters explored.

Conclusions

We show that ST analysis of FLASH is a useful and accurate tool in the measurement of cardiac microstructure. While both FLASH and the DTI approaches appear promising for mapping of the alignments of myocytes throughout myocardium, marked discrepancies between the cross myocyte anisotropies deduced from each method call for consideration of their respective limitations.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12968-015-0129-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

抽动秽语综合征的扩散张量成像和功能磁共振成像研究进展

抽动秽语综合征（TS）是一种儿童期发病的神经精神疾患,临床主要表现为多发性运动性和发声性抽动。病理生理学研究结果支持TS患者皮层-纹状体-丘脑-皮层（CSTC）环路可能存在着功能障碍。基于DTI的形态学研究显示,脑白质异常不仅局限于运动通路,躯体感觉通路、边缘系统等同样受累。任务态fMRI研究显示,TS患者存在功能代偿机制。静息态fMRI研究显示,TS患者皮层-基底核网络存在功能障碍。本文对TS的扩散张量成像和fMRI研究进展进行综述。     

糖尿病视神经病变磁共振扩散张量成像诊断价值探讨

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(MR-DTI)在糖尿病视神经病变检查中的诊断价值。方法对15例(30眼)Ⅱ型糖尿病合并视神经病变的患者和15例健康成年人(对照组)分别行3.0TMR-DTI检查,研究糖尿病视神经病变组和对照组视神经各向异性(FA)、平均扩散系数(MD)、平行扩散系数(λ∥)、垂直扩散系数(λ⊥)值,进行组间比较。结果糖尿病视神经病变组视神经FA、MD、λ∥、λ⊥值分别为0.321±0.090、(1808±431)×10-6mm2/s、(2393±273)×10-6mm2/s、(1488±467)×10-6mm2/s;对照组视神经分别为0.585±0.020、(935±133)×10-6mm2/s、(1654±157)×10-6mm2/s、(1026±492)×10-6mm2/s。糖尿病视神经病变组与对照组相比,FA值明显降低(P=0.000),MD值、λ∥值、λ⊥值明显升高(P=0.000)。结论 MR-DTI在糖尿病视神经病变筛查中有一定的应用价值。     

Late hyperenhancement in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with and without nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

Aim To assess the extent of hyperenhancement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) in comparison to patients without NSVT. Design In HCM patients, NSVT in Holter monitoring is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death; however, its positive predictive value is low. Varying risk of sudden death related to NSVT may be dependent on the heterogeneous extent of the arrhythmogenic substrate, which seems to be visible as hyperenhancement in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Hyperenhancement was assessed in 47 HCM patients (30 males and 17 females, mean age 42 ± 12 years): 32 patients had NSVT, 15 patients had no NSVT. The extent of hyperenhancement was calculated by software and expressed as a mass. Results In HCM patients with NSVT 97% had some extent of hyperenhancement on MRI, ranging from 1 to 76 g. The mean mass of hyperenhanced myocardium was 19 ± 18 g (8.1 ± 7.6% of total left ventricular mass). In HCM patients without NSVT, a significantly lower percentage of patients (60%) had hyperenhancement (P < 0.05). However, the amount of hyperenhanced myocardium was not significantly different (13 ± 19 g, 6.3 ± 9.1% of total left ventricular mass; P < 0.05). Conclusions Hyperenhancement was visible in almost all HCM patients with NSVT (97%) and in a significantly lower percentage of patients without NSVT (60%). Whether this finding explains the increased risk of sudden death in case of NSVT is not clear, since the extent of hyperenhancement was not significantly different between the two groups.     

A novel and practical cardiovascular magnetic resonance method to quantify mitral annular excursion and recoil applied to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Background

We have developed a novel and practical cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique to evaluate left ventricular (LV) mitral annular motion by tracking the atrioventricular junction (AVJ). To test AVJ motion analysis as a metric for LV function, we compared AVJ motion variables between patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a group with recognized systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and healthy volunteers.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 24 HCM patients with normal ejection fractions (EF) and 14 healthy volunteers. Using the 4-chamber view cine images, we tracked the longitudinal motion of the lateral and septal AVJ at 25 time points during the cardiac cycle. Based on AVJ displacement versus time, we calculated maximum AVJ displacement (MD) and velocity in early diastole (MVED), velocity in diastasis (VDS) and the composite index VDS/MVED.

Results

Patients with HCM showed significantly slower median lateral and septal AVJ recoil velocities during early diastole, but faster velocities in diastasis. We observed a 16-fold difference in VDS/MVED at the lateral AVJ [median 0.141, interquartile range (IQR) 0.073, 0.166 versus 0.009 IQR -0.006, 0.037, P < 0.001]. Patients with HCM also demonstrated significantly less mitral annular excursion at both the septal and lateral AVJ. Performed offline, AVJ motion analysis took approximately 10 minutes per subject.

Conclusions

Atrioventricular junction motion analysis provides a practical and novel CMR method to assess mitral annular motion. In this proof of concept study we found highly statistically significant differences in mitral annular excursion and recoil between HCM patients and healthy volunteers.     

磁共振波谱和扩散张量成像对多发性硬化的诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI的磁共振波谱和扩散张量成像在多发性硬化（MS）诊断中的应用,并分析较优参数。方法：对32例MS患者和32名健康志愿者（健康对照组）进行头部磁共振波谱和扩散张量成像扫描,分别选取患者的脱髓鞘斑块、表现正常的脑白质（NAWM）区域和对照组相应区域测量氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）／肌酸（Cr）比值、胆碱（Cho）／Cr比值、表观扩散系数（ADC）值和部分各向异性（FA）值,并绘制ROC曲线,分别计算其ROC曲线下的面积。结果：在脱髓鞘斑块的ROC曲线图中,NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr、ADC和FA曲线下的面积分别为0．938、0．843、0．975和0．952,提示ADC值是诊断脱髓鞘斑块的最优参数;在NAWM的ROC曲线图中,上述4条曲线下的面积分别为0．722、0．692、0．691和0．657,提示NAA／Cr比值是诊断NAWM存在异常的最优参数。结论：同时应用磁共振波谱和扩散张量成像检查并定量测量其参数值,可以全面评价MS的脱髓鞘斑块和NAWM异常,将会对临床制定治疗方案和判断预后有重要的参考作用。     

脊髓损伤的弥散张量成像研究进展

MR DTI作为目前唯一能显示水分子运动方向和强度的成像技术,可以动态反应中枢神经系统白质的超微结构及相应病理生理改变,为研究脊髓损伤提供了新的方法。近年来脊髓DTI已应用于临床。本文对脊髓DTI技术的应用、发展趋势进行综述。     

弥散张量成像FA值和ADC值在颅内肿瘤病变中的应用

目的探讨磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)FA值和ADC值在颅内肿瘤病变中的应用价值。方法收集经手术及组织病理学证实胶质瘤患者12例,脑膜瘤10例,神经鞘瘤9例,淋巴瘤8例。术前行常规MRI平扫、增强扫描检查,DTI检查、工作站自动生成各向异性指数图(FA图)及表观弥散系数图(ADC图),分别测量肿瘤实质区的FA值、ADC值,分析比较不同肿瘤之间有无统计学差异。通过弥散张量纤维束成像(DTT)在肿瘤区和健侧对应部位重建,主要为白质纤维束,并与肿瘤融合,观察纤维束的形态变化。结果胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、淋巴瘤、神经鞘瘤肿瘤实质区平均FA值为分别FA1:0.318±0.0036,FA2:0.45±0.052,FA3:0.304±0.012,FA4:0.0362±0.071;ADC值分别为:ADC1:1.233±0.204,ADC2:1.061±0.039,ADC3:1.014±0.108,ADC4:1.469±0.062。脑膜瘤FA值最高,神经鞘瘤ADC值最高。淋巴瘤ADC值及FA值较低。各组间比较,按α=0.05水准,组间差别均有统计学意义(F=92.308,P=0.000,F=30.955,P=0.000)。结论不同肿瘤的FA值和ADC值存在明显差异,DTI较常规MRI可更好地观察肿瘤造成的白质纤维束受压移位、浸润与破坏改变。为病变的诊断与鉴别诊断提供更多信息,为手术方案的制定,术后随访提供依据。     

磁共振扩散张量成像定量分析猪心肌梗死早期离体心肌结构变化

目的 利用磁共振扩散张量成像(DT-MRI)研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)后离体心肌纤维束结构的改变。方法 制作实验用中华小型猪AMI模型并进行离体心脏DT-MRI。纤维束示踪技术(FT)显示梗死与正常心肌纤维结构,定量分析梗死与正常心肌ADC、 FA、心肌纤维束长度和数量。采用配对样本t检验及Wilcoxon检验进行统计学分析。结果 FT显示正常心肌纤维走行规则,排列整齐,梗死心肌纤维结构松散,纤维长短不一。与正常心机相比,梗死心肌ADC值增加,FA值减小,心肌纤维束长度缩短,纤维数目稍减少。结论 AMI后8 h即可在DT-MR图像上显示水分子扩散特性及心肌纤维结构的改变。     

心脏磁共振在肥厚型心肌病预后评估及危险分层中的应用进展

肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)是最常见的遗传性原发型心肌病,也是青年人猝死的最常见原因.心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)多参数、多模态成像,能从多个方面综合评估患者心脏受累程度,从而为HCM患者危险分层及预后评估提供...     

磁共振扩散张量成像在急性隐匿性颈髓损伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)在急性隐匿性颈髓损伤(CSCI)中的诊断价值。 方法选取2016年6月至2017年7月在九江市中医医院骨伤科及神经外科就诊,72 h内有明确外伤史,临床诊断为CSCI而常规磁共振(MR)序列显示脊髓无异常信号(隐匿性脊髓损伤)患者30例(损伤组)及30例健康志愿者(对照组)分别接受常规MR序列、DTI序列检查。对两组的DTI进行数据处理与分析,获得扩散张量纤维束成像(DTT)。分别测量损伤组和对照组的各向异性分数(FA)值和表观扩散系数(ADC)值,采用两独立样本t检验比较两组间差异。 结果损伤组的FA值(0.53±0.22)明显低于对照组FA值(0.65±0.12),差异具有统计学意义(t＝5.00,P<0.01)。损伤组的ADC值[(1.15±0.28)×10^－3mm²/s]明显高于对照组ADC值[(1.04±0.57)×10^－3mm²/s],差异具有统计学意义(t＝11.20,P<0.01)。损伤组颈髓DTT图示受损区域的白质纤维束稀疏、扭曲及断裂。 结论DTI的FA值和ADC值可定量分析CSCI患者脊髓白质损伤的严重程度,DTT图可准确描绘脊髓白质损伤的位置及范围,是目前无创性诊断隐匿性颈髓损伤和评估预后的一个重要手段。     

Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be identified by cardiovascular magnetic resonance,and is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Background

The presence of myocardial fibrosis is associated with worse clinical outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) sequences can detect regional, but not diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Post-contrast T₁ mapping is an emerging CMR technique that may enable the non-invasive evaluation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HCM. The purpose of this study was to non-invasively detect and quantify diffuse myocardial fibrosis in HCM with CMR and examine its relationship to diastolic performance.

Methods

We performed CMR on 76 patients - 51 with asymmetric septal hypertrophy due to HCM and 25 healthy controls. Left ventricular (LV) morphology, function and distribution of regional myocardial fibrosis were evaluated with cine imaging and LGE. A CMR T₁ mapping sequence determined the post-contrast myocardial T₁ time as an index of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Diastolic function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography.

Results

Regional myocardial fibrosis was observed in 84% of the HCM group. Post-contrast myocardial T₁ time was significantly shorter in patients with HCM compared to controls, consistent with diffuse myocardial fibrosis (498 ± 80 ms vs. 561 ± 47 ms, p < 0.001). In HCM patients, post-contrast myocardial T₁ time correlated with mean E/e’ (r = −0.48, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Patients with HCM have shorter post-contrast myocardial T₁ times, consistent with diffuse myocardial fibrosis, which correlate with estimated LV filling pressure, suggesting a mechanistic link between diffuse myocardial fibrosis and abnormal diastolic function in HCM.     

磁共振弥散张量和波谱成像在缺血性脑小血管疾病中的应用研究

目的探讨磁共振弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)联合磁共振波谱成像(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)对于缺血性脑小血管疾病(small vessel disease,SVD)的影像评估价值。材料与方法对42例缺血性SVD患者进行常规MRI、DTI和MRS扫描,测量病灶及健侧对称正常脑白质区域的平均弥散系数(average diffusion coefficient,DCavg)值、各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)值,测量病灶及其周围正常脑白质区域的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetyl aspartic acid,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)、肌醇(myo-inositol,MI)等生化代谢物的浓度值,并计算NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、MI/Cr的比值。将42例SVD患者的缺血性病灶按照影像学显示分组,并对各组上述测量指标进行统计学分析。结果选取42例缺血性SVD患者的42个病灶并分成慢性缺血组(30例)和慢性期梗死灶组(12例)。SVD病灶的DCavg值和FA值分别较健侧镜像区正常脑白质的增高和降低(P0.01),而两组间SVD病灶的DCavg值和FA值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。SVD病灶的NAA、Cho和Cr的均数都小于周围正常白质(P0.01),而两组间的各项MRS代谢值差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析,正常脑白质的DCavg值与FA值(r=-0.383,P=0.012)呈负相关,FA值与NAA/Cho(r=0.420,P=0.006)、NAA/Cr(r=0.382,P=0.012)之间均呈正相关,而在SVD病灶组无上述相关性。Spearman相关分析,SVD病灶组的DCavg与高血压呈正相关(r=0.338,P=0.029)。结论对于缺血性SVD,DCavg、FA、NAA、Cho和Cr等检测指标能够共同反映神经髓鞘结构的微观变化及其功能的破坏,联合应用DTI和MRS成像技术对缺血性SVD疾病进行研究,有助于其临床诊断及病理机制的研究。     

Quantification of myocardial blood flow with cardiovascular magnetic resonance throughout the cardiac cycle

Background

Myocardial blood flow (MBF) varies throughout the cardiac cycle in response to phasic changes in myocardial tension. The aim of this study was to determine if quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately track physiological variations in MBF throughout the cardiac cycle.

Methods

30 healthy volunteers underwent a single stress/rest perfusion CMR study with data acquisition at 5 different time points in the cardiac cycle (early-systole, mid-systole, end-systole, early-diastole and end-diastole). MBF was estimated on a per-subject basis by Fermi-constrained deconvolution. Interval variations in MBF between successive time points were expressed as percentage change. Maximal cyclic variation (MCV) was calculated as the percentage difference between maximum and minimum MBF values in a cardiac cycle.

Results

At stress, there was significant variation in MBF across the cardiac cycle with successive reductions in MBF from end-diastole to early-, mid- and end-systole, and an increase from early- to end-diastole (end-diastole: 4.50 ± 0.91 vs. early-systole: 4.03 ± 0.76 vs. mid-systole: 3.68 ± 0.67 vs. end-systole 3.31 ± 0.70 vs. early-diastole: 4.11 ± 0.83 ml/g/min; all p values <0.0001). In all cases, the maximum and minimum stress MBF values occurred at end-diastole and end-systole respectively (mean MCV = 26 ± 5%). There was a strong negative correlation between MCV and peak heart rate at stress (r = −0.88, p < 0.001). The largest interval variation in stress MBF occurred between end-systole and early-diastole (24 ± 9% increase). At rest, there was no significant cyclic variation in MBF (end-diastole: 1.24 ± 0.19 vs. early-systole: 1.28 ± 0.17 vs.mid-systole: 1.28 ± 0.17 vs. end-systole: 1.27 ± 0.19 vs. early-diastole: 1.29 ± 0.19 ml/g/min; p = 0.71).

Conclusion

Quantitative perfusion CMR can be used to non-invasively assess cyclic variations in MBF throughout the cardiac cycle. In this study, estimates of stress MBF followed the expected physiological trend, peaking at end-diastole and falling steadily through to end-systole. This technique may be useful in future pathophysiological studies of coronary blood flow and microvascular function.     

心脏磁共振在肥厚型心肌病心肌应变力分析中的应用进展

肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)是一种遗传性心肌病,临床表型多样,不良心血管事件发生率较高.心脏磁共振以其多角度多参数等优势在临床中应用逐渐广泛,近年来兴起的心脏磁共振心肌应变力分析能够早期评估心肌运动功能,对于早期诊断和预后有重要价值.笔者就心肌应变力分析在肥厚型心肌病的...     

Quantitative three-dimensional cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging in systole and diastole

Background

Two-dimensional (2D) perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) remains limited by a lack of complete myocardial coverage. Three-dimensional (3D) perfusion CMR addresses this limitation and has recently been shown to be clinically feasible. However, the feasibility and potential clinical utility of quantitative 3D perfusion measurements, as already shown with 2D-perfusion CMR and positron emission tomography, has yet to be evaluated. The influence of systolic or diastolic acquisition on myocardial blood flow (MBF) estimates, diagnostic accuracy and image quality is also unknown for 3D-perfusion CMR. The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility of quantitative 3D-perfusion CMR for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) and to compare systolic and diastolic estimates of MBF.

Methods

Thirty-five patients underwent 3D-perfusion CMR with data acquired at both end-systole and mid-diastole. MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) were estimated on a per patient and per territory basis by Fermi-constrained deconvolution. Significant CAD was defined as stenosis ≥70% on quantitative coronary angiography.

Results

Twenty patients had significant CAD (involving 38 out of 105 territories). Stress MBF and MPR had a high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of CAD in both systole (area under curve [AUC]: 0.95 and 0.92, respectively) and diastole (AUC: 0.95 and 0.94). There were no significant differences in the AUCs between systole and diastole (p values >0.05). At stress, diastolic MBF estimates were significantly greater than systolic estimates (no CAD: 3.21 ± 0.50 vs. 2.75 ± 0.42 ml/g/min, p < 0.0001; CAD: 2.13 ± 0.45 vs. 1.98 ± 0.41 ml/g/min, p < 0.0001); but at rest, there were no significant differences (p values >0.05). Image quality was higher in systole than diastole (median score 3 vs. 2, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Quantitative 3D-perfusion CMR is feasible. Estimates of MBF are significantly different for systole and diastole at stress but diagnostic accuracy to detect CAD is high for both cardiac phases. Better image quality suggests that systolic data acquisition may be preferable.     

磁共振扩散张量成像在正常脑老化研究中的应用

脑老化指随着年龄增长,大脑组织结构、功能、形态逐渐出现衰退的现象,其中认知功能减退是脑老化的重要标志,脑白质的退行性改变可能是造成脑老化的重要因素。DTI及其图像处理技术能够无创显示活体人脑组织微观结构,有利于分析脑老化过程及脑老化相关疾病。本文对DTI技术在正常脑老化中的研究现状及进展做一综述。     

MRI对肥厚型心肌病左右心室整体功能变化的研究

目的利用磁共振电影成像技术探讨肥厚型心肌病患者左、右心室整体功能的变化。材料与方法连续收集自2013年2月至2014年2月在我院行心脏核磁共振检查的被拟诊为肥厚型心肌病的患者共26例,同期收集20例健康志愿者心脏核磁共振检查的图像。由两名放射科医师分别将26例肥厚型心肌病患者和20例健康志愿者的图像导入Report CARD3.6心脏功能分析软件进行相关数据测量,最终获得左、右心室的舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)、射血分数(EF)、每搏输出量(SV)以及左心室的短轴缩短率(FS)。肥厚型心肌病患者与健康志愿者之间左、右心室功能指标的比较采用独立样本t检验。结果肥厚型心肌病患者左心室整体功能的各项指标LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF、LVSV及FS分别为(88.94±13.29)ml、(24.75±7.31)ml、(71.70±7.60)%、(64.20±12.82)ml、(52.52±8.83)%,健康志愿者LVEDV、LVESV、LVEF、LVSV及FS分别为(107.93±12.62)ml、(34.18±3.6)ml、(67.25±4.48)%、(73.65±12.41)ml、(36.8±3.82)%,LVEDV、LVESV、LVSV数值较健康志愿者均减低,二者之间有显著性差异;LVEF较正常人增高,但没有显著性差异;FS较正常人显著增高,二者之间有显著性差异。肥厚型心肌病患者右心室整体功能各项指标RVEDV、RVESV、RVEF、RVSV分别为(88.48±17.67)ml、(29.84±7.50)ml、(6 4.6 5±1 0.2 7)%、(5 8.6 6±1 7.0 9)m l,健康志愿者RV E D V、RV E S V、RVEF、RVSV分别为(142.31±23.62)ml、(72.49±16.13)ml、(49.18±5.6)%、(69.82±13.43)ml,RVEDV、RVESV较正常人明显减低,二者之间有显著性差异;RVEF较正常人增高,二者之间有显著性差异;RVSV较正常人减低,二者之间没有显著性差异。结论在早期,肥厚型心肌病左心室舒张功能减低、收缩功能升高的同时,右心室的舒张功能也减低、收缩功能升高,左右心室的功能变化是一致的。