肺癌术后支气管切缘癌发生的相关因素分析

目的　探讨肺癌术后支气管切缘癌发生的相关因素。方法　对 2 43例原发性非小细胞肺癌患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析 ,采用Logistic回归分析判断术后支气管切缘癌发生的相关因素。 结果　 2 43例肺癌患者中 ,支气管切缘癌发生 3 1例 ,发生率为 12 .8% ,多因素分析显示 ,中央型肺癌、肺叶支气管淋巴结转移及组织学类型为鳞癌是支气管切缘癌发生的危险因素。结论　中央型肺癌、肺叶支气管淋巴结转移及组织学类型为鳞癌的肺癌病例应考虑发生术后支气管切缘癌的可能     

食管贲门癌术后切缘癌残留的临床分析：（附60例报告）

本文报告1971年～1992年间手术切除食管贲门癌1896例,术后发生切缘癌残留60例,发生率3.2％,其中食管癌切除后切缘癌残留4.4％(44/919),贲门癌切除后切缘癌残留1.6(16/977)。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为54.2％(32/59)、22.4％(13/58)和7.5％(3/40)。作者认为食管贲门癌术后切缘癌残留的主要原因是手术切除范围不足所致,强调应切除足够范围的食管,作食管胃颈部吻合和术前放疗,有利于提高5年生存率。     

贲门癌手术切缘癌残留相关因素分析

目的：分析贲门癌切除手术后切缘镜下癌残留相关原因,为提高贲门癌外科治疗效果总结经验。方法：回顾性分析我院1995～2005年间收治的123例贲门癌临床资料,应用单因素分析方法探讨贲门癌切除手术上下切缘癌残留的相关因素。结果：123例贲门癌术后病理诊断切缘镜下癌残留11例,上切缘残留5例,下切缘残留6例,上下切缘均残留1例,残留率8.9%,切缘癌残留者与切缘无癌残留肿瘤最长径分别为9.5±3.8cm和6.5±3.1cm,P〈0.05;不同肿瘤大小、不同TNM分期的切缘癌残留发生率有明显统计学差异（P〈0.05）,贲门癌肿瘤最长径〉7cm以及TNM分期为Ⅳ期是切缘癌残留的危险因素。结论：在贲门癌外科治疗中,根据肿瘤最长径来决定贲门癌手术切除范围及术式以减少切缘癌残留有重要临床价值：肿瘤最长径超过7cm,肿瘤TNM分期至Ⅳ期患者应行全胃切除术,并保证足够长度的上切缘以减少切缘癌残留发生。     

The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: Methods and Guiding Principles for the Development of the Ninth Edition TNM Classification

IntroductionStage classification provides a consistent and concise nomenclature about the anatomic extent of the cancer. This is a fundamental cornerstone in the management of patients; it enables reporting results and facilitates comparing one treatment to another and judging how closely clinical trial results apply to an individual patient. A nomenclature must be relatively static; however, periodical refinement is needed to adjust to a changing landscape of clinical relevance. Changes must be well justified and thoughtfully developed to maintain the ability to communicate clearly and facilitate comparisons across time.MethodsFor thoracic malignancies (lung, pleura, thymus, and esophagus), the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has leveraged its worldwide multidisciplinary reach, permitting a sophisticated approach to this process. Refinement of stage classification for the ninth edition of TNM is underway; this article describes the approach adopted by the IASLC Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee.ResultsKey guiding principles include the ability to maintain communication over time, a classification that discriminates homogeneous cohorts of tumors consistently across the world in multiple settings, treatment approaches, and patient characteristics, including clinical relevance and practical applicability. The IASLC has again assembled a large international database to permit multifaceted analysis. Providing confidence that the classification performs consistently in multiple settings, treatments, and patients requires consistent discrimination in multiple subset analyses. Although observed outcomes of patients in the 2011 to 2019 database are essential, considerations about how the classification will be used are also important to ensure clinical relevance and applicability.ConclusionsThe strategy developed by the Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee is carefully designed to provide useful refinements to the stage classification of thoracic malignancies for the ninth edition of TNM classification of cancers.     

International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Study of the Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on International Lung Cancer Clinical Trials

IntroductionTo evaluate the effects of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on lung cancer trials, we surveyed investigators and collected aggregate enrollment data for lung cancer trials across the world before and during the pandemic.MethodsA Data Collection Survey collected aggregate monthly enrollment numbers from 294 global lung cancer trials for 2019 to 2020. A 64-question Action Survey evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on clinical trials and identified mitigation strategies implemented.ResultsClinical trial enrollment declined from 2019 to 2020 by 14% globally. Most reductions in enrollment occurred in April to June where we found significant decreases in individual site enrollment (p = 0.0309). Enrollment was not significantly different in October 2019 to December of 2019 versus 2020 (p = 0.25). The most frequent challenges identified by the Action Survey (N = 172) were fewer eligible patients (63%), decrease in protocol compliance (56%), and suspension of trials (54%). Patient-specific challenges included access to trial site (49%), ability to travel (54%), and willingness to visit the site (59%). The most frequent mitigation strategies included modified monitoring requirements (47%), telehealth visits (45%), modified required visits (25%), mail-order medications (25%), and laboratory (27%) and radiology (21%) tests at nonstudy facilities. Sites that felt the most effective mitigation strategies were telehealth visits (85%), remote patient-reported symptom collection (85%), off-site procedures (85%), and remote consenting (89%).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for lung cancer clinical trials conduct and enrollment. Mitigation strategies were used and, although the pandemic worsened, trial enrollment improved. A more flexible approach may improve enrollment and access to clinical trials, even beyond the pandemic.     

上叶肺癌术后支气管切缘癌残留相关因素分析

目的　探讨肺癌术后支气管切缘癌残留的相关形成因素 ,确立避免和减少切缘癌发生的策略和方法。方法　分析1994年至 2 0 0 2年经手术治疗的 60例上叶肺癌 ,在不同肿瘤分期、病理类型、手术适应证与扩大的手术适应证、术前纤维支气管镜所见、不同手术方式、支气管残端不同缝合方法及术中是否行残端快速冷冻病理检查等诸因素 ,对术后支气管残端癌残留形成的影响。结果　在 60例中手术后出现残端癌残留 10例 ,残端癌发生率 16.7% ,术前纤维支气管镜检查 ,能够在支气管腔内观察到肿瘤的 19例为中心型肺癌 ,其中残端癌残留 7例 ,阳性率高达 3 6.8% ,术前支气管镜检查阴性 41例为周围型 ,其中出现残端残留 3例 ,支气管残端癌发生率在中心型肺癌比周围型高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;手术中未做残端冷冻病理检查的 5 6例 ,术后残端癌残留阳性 10例 ,其中 6例肺叶切除术后残端阳性者 ,分析其为支气管袖状肺叶切除术的手术适应证 ;在肺叶切除术中通过冷冻病理检查发现支气管残端阳性 2例 ,术式改变为支气管袖状肺叶切除术。结论　严格掌握肺癌手术的适应证并选择合理术式 ,术中支气管残端快速冷冻病理检查应作为肺癌外科的手术常规     

215例肺癌的胸内淋巴结转移规律及临床分析

目的 :分析肺癌的胸内淋巴结转移的方式和规律,以探讨可切除性肺癌胸内淋巴结合理的手术清扫范围。 方法 :收集我院从2004年9月至2006年12月的215例肺癌病例,行根治性切除及系统性胸内淋巴结清扫术,分别记录淋巴结的数量及进行病理检查。分析其胸内各组淋巴结转移频度,原发部位与淋巴结转移的关系,肿瘤的大小,病理类型与淋巴结转移的关系的特点和规律。 结果 :215例肺癌患者共清扫胸内1070组的3680个淋巴结,平均每例切除淋巴结17.1个。经病理检查证实其中198个组的468个淋巴结存在转移癌,215例肺癌患者中94例有胸内淋巴结转移,转移率为43.7%。围绕肺门或肺根部的11、10、7、5、4组淋巴结的转移频度比远离肺根部的9、6、8、3、2、1肺上叶癌更易向上纵隔淋巴结转移,而肺下叶(包括中叶)可向上、下纵隔淋巴结转移。组淋巴结高。小细胞肺癌的淋巴结转移率明显高于非小细胞肺癌(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移率随肿瘤增大而增加。 结论 :多数肺癌的淋巴结转移遵循由近及远、自上而下、由肺内经肺门再向纵隔的顺序转移规律,纵隔淋巴结的转移呈\