Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis

Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.     

HOXA10 controls proliferation,migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Although HOX genes are best known for acting in the regulation of important events during embryogenesis, including proliferation, differentiation and migration, alterations in their expression patterns have been frequently described in cancers. In previous studies we analyzed the expression profile of the members of the HOX family of homeobox genes in oral samples of normal mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and identified differently expressed genes such as HOXA10. The present study aimed to validate the increased expression of HOXA10 in OSCCs, and to investigate the effects arising from its knockdown in OSCC cells. The levels of HOXA10 mRNA were determined in human OSCC samples and cell lines by quantitative PCR, and HOXA10-mediated effects on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion were studied in HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells by using retrovirus-mediated RNA interference. Higher expression of HOXA10 mRNA was observed in OSCC cell lines and in tumor tissues compared to normal controls. HOXA10 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation of the tumor cells which was accompanied by increased levels of p21. HOXA10 silencing also significantly induced the expression of EMT markers and enhanced the adhesion, migration and invasion of HSC-3 cells. No effects on cell death were observed after HOXA10 knockdown. The results of the current study confirm the overexpression of HOXA10 in OSCCs, and further demonstrate that its expression is functionally associated with several important biological processes related to oral tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, migration and invasion.     

西罗莫司对膀胱癌BIU-87细胞增殖及侵袭能力的影响

目的探讨西罗莫司对膀胱癌BIU-87细胞增殖和侵袭能力的作用。方法将BIU-87细胞贴壁培养于10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素的RPMI-1640培养液中,37℃、5%CO饱和湿度培养箱中2培养。取对数生长的BIU-87细胞,处理组加入西罗莫司的浓度范围是(10-1000)nmol/L;对照组不加药物,每天紧更换1640培养液。MTT法分析各浓度组的生长抑制率并制作抑制曲线,Transwell法通过使用matrigel基质胶检测BIU-87细胞在体外的侵袭能力。结果西罗莫司对BIU-87细胞有明显抑制作用,呈时间和量效依赖关系。Transwell法发现不同浓度的西罗莫司可以减弱BIU-87细胞的体外侵袭能力,呈量效依赖性。结论西罗莫司可以抑制膀胱癌BIU-87细胞的增殖活性及侵袭能力。     

姜黄素下调PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路抑制人肝癌细胞系增殖

目的观察姜黄素对体外培养人肝癌细胞系HL-7702增殖的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法体外培养HL-7702细胞,不同浓度的姜黄素(0、10、20、40和80μmol/L)处理48 h。PI3K/AKT抑制剂LY294002联合姜黄素处理细胞。分别用MTT法检测细胞增殖,用Western blot法检测细胞内PI3K、AKT、m TOR、Bax、Bcl-2及活化的caspase-3的蛋白含量。结果姜黄素可以浓度依赖性的抑制HL-7702细胞增殖,增加细胞中PI3K、AKT和m TOR的磷酸化水平(P0.05)。姜黄素可诱导HL-7702细胞凋亡,增加Bax和活化的caspase-3的含量(P0.05),减少Bcl-2的含量(P0.05)。LY294002与姜黄素联用后,姜黄素对细胞增殖及凋亡无明显作用。结论姜黄素可抑制人肝癌细胞系HL-7702增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,作用机制可能与其下调PIK/AKT/m TOR信号通路的活性有关。     

Curcumin inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 by regulating miR-138

Objective: In this study, we screened the different human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 miRNAs after the treatment of curcumin and explored the effects of curcumin on MG-63 cells and its mechanism. Methods: Affemitrix miRNA chip was used to detect the changes of miRNA expression profile in MG-63 cells before and after curcumin treatment, and screen different expression of miRNAs. The target gene of miRNA was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression levels of miRNA-138 target genes Smad4, NFκB p65 and cyclin D3 were detected. MTT and Transwell Cell invasion assays were used to observe the effects of curcumin on MG-63 cells. Results: Curcumin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 cells and the expression levels of miRNA-138 target genes Smad4, NFκB p65 and cyclin D3 in MG-63 cells (P<0.05); overexpression of hsa-miR-138 down-regulated the expression levels of Smad4, NFκB p65 and cyclin D3 compared with the treatment of curcumin, while inhibition of hsa-miR-138 up-regulated the expression levels of Smad4, NFκB p65 and cyclin D3. Conclusions: Curcumin could increase the expression of hsa-miR-138, hsa-miR-138 inhibited cell proliferation and invasive ability by inhibition of its target genes.     

山柰酚通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制HBx-HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移

目的:探讨山柰酚对HBx-HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭及迁移的影响,并研究其潜在分子作用机制。方法:利用实时荧光定量PCR检测相关基因的表达水平,利用蛋白印迹实验检测相关蛋白的水平,流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率,MTT实验和平板集落形成实验检测细胞的增殖,Transwell侵袭实验和划痕愈合实验检测细胞的侵袭和转移。结果:山柰酚(10~200μmol/L)能够剂量和时间依赖性地抑制HBx-HepG2细胞的增殖。山柰酚(100μmol/L)能显著抑制HBx-HepG2细胞的集落形成数量、细胞侵袭能力以及细胞愈合率,诱导HBx-HepG2细胞凋亡,引起cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9及Bax蛋白水平上升,Bcl-2蛋白水平下降,降低β-catenin、c-Myc和cyclin D1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。山柰酚(100μmol/L)同时能够降低p-GSK-3β蛋白水平以及细胞质和细胞核中的β-catenin蛋白水平,对GSK-3β蛋白水平没有影响。Li Cl处理能够反转山柰酚(100μmol/L)对HBx-HepG2细胞的增殖、侵袭以及迁移抑制作用。结论:山柰酚对HBx-HepG2细胞的增殖、侵袭及转移有显著的抑制作用,这种抑制作用很有可能是通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的活性来实现的。     

CCAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion

It has been reported that CCAT1 is involved in the development of malignancies including colon cancer and gastric cancer. However, the role of CCAT1 in HCC still remains unknown. Real-time PCR was performed to test the relative expression of CCAT1 in HCC tissues and cell lines. We performed Chi-Square Analysis to study the correlation between clinical characteristics and CCAT1 expression. Based on the correlation, cell proliferation assay, cell invasion assay, wound healing assay and cell apoptosis assay were conducted in two HCC cell lines to examine the regulatory effect of CCAT1 on the HCC cells. The results indicated that the expression of CCAT1 was significantly increased in HCC tissues and cells compared with controls. We also found that the abnormally expressed CCAT1 could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the aberrant expression of CCAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro.     

miRNA-126对肺癌A549细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭及EGFR/AKT/mTOR信号通路的影响

 目的: 探讨微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)-126对肺癌A549细胞功能的影响及相关的作用机制。方法: 利用脂质体试剂Lipofectamine 2000将miRNA-126转染入肺癌A549细胞中,采用real-time PCR法检测转染后各组细胞中miRNA-126的表达;MTT法检测细胞活力;台盼蓝拒染实验检测细胞存活数目;细胞集落培养实验观察转染后细胞集落形成;划痕愈合实验检测细胞的迁移能力;Transwell小室实验检测细胞侵袭能力;Western blot法检测EGFR/AKT/mTOR通路中各蛋白水平的变化。结果: Real-time PCR结果显示,转染miRNA-126组细胞中的miRNA-126表达水平显著高于阴性对照组和空白对照组(P<0.01),而阴性对照组与空白对照组无显著变化;A549细胞转染miRNA-126模拟物后,细胞增殖和集落形成能力均呈明显下降(P<0.01);肺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力也受到明显抑制(P<0.01);Western blot结果显示,转染miRNA-126组细胞中EGFR/AKT/mTOR通路相关蛋白p-EGFR、p-AKT和p-mTOR的水平均有明显降低(P<0.01)。结论: miRNA-126可以显著降低肺癌A549细胞中p-EGFR、p-AKT和p-mTOR的蛋白水平,进而可能抑制其细胞增殖和迁移侵袭能力。     

MiR-26b inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation,migration, and invasion by targeting EphA2

Deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in cancer progression as a result of changes in expression of their target genes. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-16b in eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines, revealed the roles of miR-26b on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and confirmed that EphA2 is a direct target of miR-26b. The miR-26b expression was decreased and EphA2 expression was evaluated in HCC cell lines. Luciferase assays revealed that miR-26b inhibited EphA2 expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region of EphA2 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-26b dramatically inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells by targeting EphA2. Moreover, miR-26b down-regulated c-Myc and CyclinD1 expression, which was reversed by overexpressed EphA2. Taken together, our data demonstrated the mechanism of miR-26b contributed to HCC progression and implicated that miR-26b’s potential in HCC therapy.     

Loss of CYLD promotes cell invasion via ALK5 stabilization in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a very poor prognosis because of its highly invasive nature, and the 5‐year survival rate has not changed appreciably for the past 30 years. Although cylindromatosis (CYLD), a deubiquitinating enzyme, is thought to be a potent tumour suppressor, its biological and clinical significance in OSCC is largely unknown. This study aimed to clarify the roles of CYLD in OSCC progression. Our immunohistochemical analyses revealed significantly reduced CYLD expression in invasive areas in OSCC tissues, whereas CYLD expression was conserved in normal epithelium and carcinoma in situ. Furthermore, downregulation of CYLD by siRNA led to the acquisition of mesenchymal features and increased migratory and invasive properties in OSCC cells and HaCaT keratinocytes. It is interesting that CYLD knockdown promoted transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling by inducing stabilization of TGF‐β receptor I (ALK5) in a cell autonomous fashion. In addition, the response to exogenous TGF‐β stimulation was enhanced by CYLD downregulation. The invasive phenotypes induced by CYLD knockdown were completely blocked by an ALK5 inhibitor. In addition, lower expression of CYLD was significantly associated with the clinical features of deep invasion and poor overall survival, and also with increased phosphorylation of Smad3, which is an indicator of activation of TGF‐β signalling in invasive OSCC. These findings suggest that downregulation of CYLD promotes invasion with mesenchymal transition via ALK5 stabilization in OSCC cells. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

BST2 promotes growth and induces gefitinib resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma via regulating the EGFR pathway

IntroductionGefitinib, well known as a new antitumor agent, has been applied in various cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, most patients eventually acquire resistance to gefitinib, and the molecular mechanism of gefitinib resistance is not well described. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) has been reported to promote tumor cell growth and confer chemotherapy resistance in various cancers. However, the roles of BST2 in OSCC still need to be fully understood.Material and methodsWe determined the expression of BST2 in OSCC tissues using qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Next, we used MTT assay, flow cytometry and western blot to determine the roles of BST2 in OSCC cell proliferation, cycle progression and apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of BST2 on gefitinib resistance in OSCC cells and explored the related molecular mechanism.ResultsBST2 expression was up-regulated in OSCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. BST2 overexpression significantly enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, mediated the cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis. Additionally, the results showed that BST2 overexpression effectively induced gefitinib resistance in OSCC cells. Subsequent analysis revealed that the underlying mechanism was associated with activation of the EGFR pathway.ConclusionsOur study indicated that BST2 promoted growth and induced gefitinib resistance in OSCC cells, at least partially, through regulating the EGFR pathway. Thus, BST2 could be used as a therapeutic target for gefitinib resistance in OSCC.     

SASH1 inhibits proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

The SASH1 (SAM- and SH3-domain containing 1) gene, a member of the SLY-family of signal adapter proteins, has an important regulatory role in tumorigenesis, but its implication in thyroid carcinoma has not been yet investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of SASH1 in proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that SASH1 is down-regulated in thyroid cancer cells. Overexpression of SASH1 inhibits thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion with decreased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, overexpression of SASH1 inhibits thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion through down-regulation of PI3K and Akt phosphorylation. Taken together, the present study showed that the loss or inhibition of SASH1 expression may play an important role in thyroid cancer development, invasion, and metastasis and that SASH1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of thyroid cancer.     

Plakophilin-2 accelerates cell proliferation and migration through activating EGFR signaling in lung adenocarcinoma

BackgroundPlakophilin 2 (PKP2), encodes a plakophilin protein that belongs to the member of desmosomal proteins. It has been reported that high expression of PKP2 is associated with several types of cancer in humans. However, the role of PKP2 in lung cancer remains obscure.MethodsPKP2 expression was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and non-tumor tissues by performing immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray and using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox-regression analysis were performed to identify the clinical significance of PKP2. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), colony formation, Transwell and xenograft tumor growth/ metastasis assays were conducted to evaluate the biological function of PKP2 in vitro and in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), WB and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay were utilized to explore the potential downstream signaling pathway and molecule mechanism of PKP2 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).ResultsAnalysis of PKP2 expression and clinicopathological parameters reveals a significant correlation of PKP2 expression with gender (n = 1020, P < 0.001) and histological type (n = 1020, P < 0.001). Subsequently, our results demonstrated that high PKP2 expression is not associated with poor survival in different gender of lung cancer patients, and is an unfavorable and independent prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients, but not for LUSC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that PKP2 expression is positively associated with EGFR signaling in LUAD. Further, in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that PKP2 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion through activating EGFR signaling pathway in LUAD cells.ConclusionOur study provides the basis for further investigation of the function and molecular mechanism by which upregulation of PKP2 promotes the development and progression of LUAD. PKP2 may serve as a potential target for anticancer therapies.     

MiR-211 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer by down-regulating SOX4

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that the dysregulation of miRNAs are frequently associated with cancer progression. Deregulation of miR-211 has been observed in various types of human cancers. However, its biological function in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. Methods: The expression of miR-211 in GC was detected by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The miR-211 mimics and inhibitor were designed and transfected into BGC-823 cells. Then, we explore the probable biological function of miR-211 in gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. A luciferase reporter assay and western blot were performed to confirm the target gene of miR-211. Results: MiR-211 was significantly down-regulated in GC. Over-expression of miR-211 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, conversely, down-regulated expression of miR-211 promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the sex-determining region Y-related high mobility group box 4 (SOX4) is identified as a target of miR-211 in GC cells, and SOX4 expression levels was inversely correlated with miR-211. Furthermore, knockdown of Sox4 inhibited the proliferation and invasion in GC cells. Conclusion: miR-211 could inhibit GC cell proliferation and invasion partially by down-regulating SOX4. MiR-211 might be a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment in the future.     

miRNA-7通过EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路抑制鼻咽癌5-8F细胞增殖

 目的:探讨过表达微小RNA（microRNA-7,miRNA-7）对鼻咽癌（nasopharyngeal carcinoma,NPC）5-8F细胞增殖能力的抑制作用及其与表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR）/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,PKB,也称Akt）通路的关联情况。方法:利用脂质体试剂Lipofectamine 2000将miRNA-7模拟物转染入人鼻咽癌5-8F细胞中;采用real-time PCR法检测转染后各组细胞中miRNA-7的表达情况;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力变化;细胞平板克隆形成实验观察转染后细胞克隆能力变化情况;real-time PCR法检测EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路各mRNA表达水平的变化;Western blotting法检测EGFR/PI3K/AKT通路各蛋白表达水平的变化。结果:real-time PCR结果显示,转染miRNA-7模拟物组细胞中的miRNA-7表达水平显著高于无关序列组和空白对照组（P<0.01）;5-8F细胞转染miRNA-7模拟物后,细胞增殖和平板克隆能力均呈明显下降（P<0.01）;real-time PCR及Western blotting结果显示,转染组的5-8F细胞中EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路中各主要成员的mRNA及相应蛋白表达水平均有明显降低(P<0.01)。结论: 过表达miRNA-7可以显著降低鼻咽癌5-8F细胞中EGFR/PI3K/Akt通路各主要成员mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,进而显著抑制其增殖和平板克隆形成能力。     

miR-143 down-regulates TLR2 expression in hepatoma cells and inhibits hepatoma cell proliferation and invasion

Hepatoma is a tumor with high degree of malignancy. A number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play certain roles in tumorigenesis and progression. Among which, miRNA, as an important class of gene regulators, play important roles in regulating tumorigenesis and development of hepatoma. So know well the unique molecular pathway is very important. Here, we showed that there is a different miR-143 expression patterns in different hepatoma tissues, and that miR-143 expressions contribute disease progress. By contrast, we down-regulated the expression of miR-143 with miR-143 mimics in HepG2 cells resulting in decreased proliferation. And the decreased proliferations of HepG2 cells were due to a G₀/G₁ arrest of cell cycle. During this progress, the increased apoptosis may be another major cause for decreased proliferation of HepG2 cells. And then, we found miR-143 down-regulation induced decreased mRNA and protein expressions of TLR2 and NF-κB. These results show that HepG2 cells depend to a greater extent on miR-143 for proliferation, and miR-143 down-regulation may induce a cell cycle arrest though TLR and NF-κB pathway. miR-143 blockade may be beneficial in therapy of Hepatoma.     

Expression of Girdin in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and its effect on cell proliferation and invasion

Girdin has been proven to play a vital role in the process of proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in various cancer cells, yet the underlying molecular mechanism in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not yet been clarified. Thereafter, we performed immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of Girdin in 40 primary HCC tissues and 30 matched adjacent tissues using hepatic carcinoma tissue microarray. Our data showed that the positive expression rate of Girdin in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was 67.5%, higher than that found in adjacent tissues of 16.7% (P < 0.05). It closely correlates to tumor size, T stage, TNM stage and Edmondson-Steiner stage (P < 0.05) of HCC patients. After specific small interfering RNA of Girdin was transfected into HepG2 and Huh7.5.1 cells, the proliferation and invasion ability of tumor cells were significantly inhibited. In summary, we suggest that the oncogenic role of Girdin could provide new molecular target for the treatment of HCC.     

转染胃动蛋白2基因抑制人胃癌细胞系MKN28增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的检测胃癌、癌旁组织和胃癌远端胃黏膜组织中胃动蛋白2(GKN2)的表达;分析GKN2转染人胃癌MKN28细胞系后对增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法免疫组织化学技术检测胃癌、癌旁组织和胃癌远端胃黏膜中GKN2蛋白的表达;将GKN2基因真核表达载体(Xhol_GKN3SP-h GKN2-TEV-SBP_Xhol)转入人胃癌MKN28细胞,经G418筛选后获得稳转细胞株,Western blot确定GKN2在MKN28细胞中表达;MTT法测定MKN28细胞增殖;Transwell迁移实验和侵袭实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭。结果 GKN2在胃癌组织中的表达少于胃癌远端胃黏膜和癌旁胃组织(P<0.05)。GKN2转染人胃癌MKN28细胞后吸光度值(A值)显著低于未转染组和空载体组(P<0.05)。与未转染组及空载体组相比,GKN2过表达致使迁移细胞数(P<0.05)和侵袭细胞数均明显下调(P<0.05)。结论 GKN2表达减低与胃癌的发生有关;GKN2过表达显然可阻抑人胃癌MKN28细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。