持续性心房颤动导管消融策略

心房颤动(房颤)是常见的快速性心律失常之一,其发病率随着年龄递增,我国人口老龄化逐步凸显,房颤的发病率增加,其卒中发生风险明显升高。2014年美国心脏协会(AHA)、美国心脏病学会(ACC)、美国心律学会(HRS)房颤指南将持续性房     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究

目的分析截止2005年我国经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)的整体情况和发展趋势。方法2006年3月向全国开展经导管消融治疗房颤的医院发出注册登记表,6月收回并汇总。根据各家医院提供的资料,对我国经导管消融治疗房颤病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果本次调查共收到40家医院自1998年以来共3 196例注册登记资料,其中男性2 193例,女性1 003例,平均年龄(54．77±5．98)岁。阵发性房颤占85．67％,持续性房颤占11．51％,永久性房颤占2．82％。45．93％的患者合并1种或1种以上的基础心脏疾病,伴左心房血栓的患者占0．9％。左心房直径(37．02±3．98)mm,左心室舒张末内径(46．81±4．05)mm,左心室射血分数0．59±0．06。经导管消融治疗房颤的术式主要有5种: (1)局灶消融术;(2)肺静脉节段性消融术;(3)环肺静脉消融术;(4)左心房基质改良术;(5)肺静脉前庭改良术。消融能源中,射频占95．96％,超声占3．00％,冷冻占1．22％。5种术式的终点不尽相同,各术式亦无统一终点。影响成功率和复发率的因素有:性别、年龄、基础疾病、心脏结构与功能、术者经验、房颤类型、房颤病程、消融术式、消融能源等。术后抗心律失常药物的应用明显减少,但抗凝治疗有所加强。总的并发症发生率为7．48％,严重并发症如心脏压塞和肺静脉狭窄3．19％。结论建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为无基础心脏疾病的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法。     

心房颤动的导管消融治疗

心房颤动（房颤）是指规则有序的心房电活动丧失,代之以快速无序的颤动波,逐渐伴随心房机械功能的退化,是最严重的心房电活动紊乱。房颤常与左房室瓣疾病、心功能衰竭、缺血性心肌病以及高血压相联系,并能增加脑卒中、心功能衰竭的全因死亡率。     

心房颤动的经导管消融治疗

在过去的10多年里，经导管消融根治快速心律失常一直是临床心电生理研究领域的主旋律，并获得了多项突破性的进展。目前，在全球范围内一场心房颤动（房颤）经导管消融治疗的热潮正在兴起。本简要介绍有关这一治疗的现状、问题及前景。     

心房颤动的导管消融

<正>导管消融能够有效地使药物治疗无效的心房颤动(房颤)患者长期维持窦性心律,对减少包括严重症状、脑卒中、起搏器需求、心力衰竭等危害具有重要意义。导管消融的方法也因房颤类型和医院的不同而异,虽然仍存在争议,但是随着实践的深入和认识的提高,这些争议逐渐会被共识所替代。     

导管消融心房颤动的新进展

心房颤动(房颤)的导管消融是唯一有望根治房颤的疗法,但目前主流的肺静脉大环隔离术主要适于阵发性房颤,持续性房颤的消融需要结合线性消融、碎裂电位消融,但难以实现透壁是治疗失败的主要原因。也有学者试图寻找新的机制理论来实现突破,转子学说应运而生但未得到检验。冷冻消融主要为不熟练的术者提供了简便的手段但只限于阵发性房颤。压力感知导管有望改善消融效果和安全性。分期或同期的内外科联合消融是值得推广的策略。     

心房颤动导管消融与药物治疗效果的比较研究

目的比较心房颤动(房颤)导管消融治疗与药物治疗的治疗效果。方法连续入选644例房颤患者,获取基线特征,应用倾向评分方法进行匹配分组,获得两组不同治疗策略的入选人群(257例),进行为期约18个月的随访,通过Cox比例风险模型比较导管消融和药物治疗对房颤患者一级终点房颤复发事件以及二级终点因心力衰竭住院率、血栓栓塞事件、累积生存率及生活质量改善的影响。结果 (1)无房颤复发终点:导管消融术组优于抗心律失常药物治疗组(HR:3.12,95%CI:1.93~5.03,P<0.01)。(2)因心力衰竭住院率:导管消融术组与抗心律失常药物治疗组差异无统计学意义(HR:1.14,95%CI:0.67~1.94,P=0.34)。(3)血栓栓塞事件发生率:在导管消融术组和抗心律失常药物治疗组间差异无统计学意义(HR:0.98,95%CI:0.44~2.20,P=0.38)。(4)累积生存率:两组间差异无统计学意义(HR:1.05,95%CI:0.33~3.32,P=0.73)。(5)生活质量评分:抗心律失常药物组生活质量无明显改善,而导管消融术组仅对精神方面评分有显著改善(随访3个月和12个月均为P=0.04)。结论导管消融治疗与药物治疗相比,房颤复发率更低,并可以改善精神方面的生活质量,但未能降低因心力衰竭住院率和血栓栓塞事件发生的风险,两种治疗手段的累积生存率差异无统计学意义。     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究-2006

目的 分析2006年我国经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)工作的现状.方法 2007年3月向全国开展经导管消融治疗房颤的医院发出注册登记表,8月收回并汇总.根据各家医院提供的资料,对2006年我国经导管消融治疗房颤病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 截至2007年8月20日,本次调查共收到43家医院有效的注册登记表2160份(2006年1月1日至2006年12月31日经导管消融治疗的房颤病人),其中男性1495例,女性665例,平均年龄(56.3±11.8)岁.阵发性房颤77.7%,持续性房颤占15.1%,永久性房颤占7.2%.47.9%的患者合并1种或1种以上的基础心脏疾病,伴左心房血栓的患者占0.1%.左心房直径(38.8±6.6)mm,左心室舒张末期内径(48.6±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0.64±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的术式主要有4种(1)Haissaguerre等的节段性肺静脉隔离术;(2)Pappone等的环肺静脉隔离术;(3)Nademanee等的碎裂电位消融术;(4)姚焰等的步进式个体化心房线性消融术.消融能源中,射频占99.4%,超声和冷冻共占0.75%.2006年的远期成功率为76.3%,即刻成功率为92.3%,复发率为16.0%,失败率为7.7%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有,左心室舒张末期内径、房颤类型、消融术式和消融终点等.术后抗心律失常药物的应用与术前无明显改变,但使用华法林进行抗凝治疗明显加强.消融成功者中有65.0%的患者仍然服用抗心律失常药物,有78.0%的患者仍然服用抗凝药物.总的并发症发生率为4.7%,严重并发症如心脏压塞、食管心房瘘和肺静脉狭窄仅0.8%.结论 建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为无基础心脏疾病的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法.     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究-2007

目的 分析2007年我国经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)工作的现状.方法 根据各家医院提供的资料,对2007年我国导管消融治疗房颤病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 截至2008年9月5日,调查共收到40家医院提供的注册登记病例资料2620份,其中男性1719例,女性901例,平均年龄(58.5±11.2)岁.阵发性房颤77.4%,持续性房颤15.7%,长期持续性房颤6.9%.54.1%的患者合并1种或1种以上的基础心脏疾病.左心房内径(38.3±6.3)mm,左心室舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0.63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99.8%.2007年的消融成功率为80.3%,复发率为19.7%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有左心房内径、房颤类型和消融术式.术后抗心律失常药物的应用有所增多,抗凝治疗明显加强.总的并发症发生率为1.7%,无严重并发症如心房食管瘘和肺静脉狭窄发生.结论 建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为症状明显的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法. 舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0 63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99.8%.2007年的消融成功率为80.3%,复发率为19.7%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有左心房内径、房颤类型和消融术式.术后抗心律失常药物的应用有所增多,抗凝治疗明显加强.总的并发症发生率为1.7%,无严重并发症如心房食管瘘和肺静脉狭窄发生.结论建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为症状明显的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法. 舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0 63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究-2008

目的分析2008年我国经导管消融治疗心房颤动（房颤）工作的状况。方法根据房颤注册研究网上平台获得的资料,对2008年我国经导管消融治疗房颤的病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果截至2010年10月5日,调查共收到53家医院提供的注册登记病例资料2808份,其中男1946例,女862例,平均年龄（57．4±11．4）岁。阵发性房颤占71．5％,持续性房颤占22．8％,持久性房颤占5．7％。47．2％的患者合并1种或1种以上的基础心脏疾病。左心房直径（40．6±11．7）mm,左心室舒张末期内径（48．4±5．4）mm,左心室射血分数0．63±0．08。经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉隔离术和环肺静脉隔离加必要心房辅助线,消融能源全部为射频。2008年总的消融术成功率为82．1％,复发率为17．9％,对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有左心房直径、房颤类型和消融术式。总的并发症发生率为1．7％,严重并发症如心脏压塞和肺静脉狭窄的发生率为0．74％,无心房食管瘘的发生。结论建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为无基础心脏疾病的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法。     

Primary catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Primary catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is a new and curative option for the treatment of patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation. It is aiming at a long-term restoration of sinus rhythm and thereby causing a coordinated atrial contraction. ABLATION METHODS: Two different ablation strategies have been established: The "trigger elimination" tries to identify triggering atrial extrasystoles (mostly within the pulmonary veins), followed by focal ablation or isolation within the pulmonary veins. The "substrate modification" changes by long linear radiofrequency-induced lesions the ability of the atrial myocardium to sustain atrial fibrillation. VALUATION: Both treatment options still have to prove their effectiveness in carefully monitored follow-up, before they can be offered to the general patient population with atrial fibrillation.     

Secondary catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

BACKGROUND: In patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation there are some non-pharmacologic therapeutic options for heart rate control or recurrence prophylaxis that do not primarily aim at the induction or maintenance of atrial fibrillation itself. AV NODE ABLATION AND MODULATION: Using radiofrequency ablation AV nodal conduction can be completely interrupted (AV node ablation) or partly impaired (AV node modulation), which allows subsequent control of the effective ventricular rate (if necessary by pacer maker implantation). Atrial fibrillation, however, does continue undisturbed in the atria, with its associated risk of thromboembolic complications. SECONDARY CATHETER ABLATION: The other option of a secondary catheter ablation approach to atrial fibrillation consists of a combination of antiarrhythmic medication using Class Ic or III antiarrhythmics and its conversion of atrial fibrillation to isthmus-dependent atrial flutter, which can subsequently be treated by curative bi-directional isthmus blockade. Termination of the antiarrhythmic medication may lead to reoccurrence of atrial fibrillation. OBJECTIVES: The review discusses the mentioned options for secondary catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation together with possible indications, success rates and potential complications.     

心房颤动导管消融治疗评价

心房颤动(房颤)是临床上最常见的需要治疗的心律失常之一.长期以来,房颤的药物治疗效果不甚理想.……     

Curative catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Optional statement With the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, radiofrequency catheter ablation has emerged as an effective therapeutic modality for patients with atrial fibrillation. Techniques for catheter ablation evolved from elimination of triggers that often originate within the pulmonary veins and initiate atrial fibrillation, to additional left atrial ablation using a variety of approaches to also eliminate the mechanisms that play a role in perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. With the current ablation strategies, atrial fibrillation can be eliminated in approximately 85% of patients with paroxysmal, and in approximately 70% of patients with chronic, atrial fibrillation with a low incidence of significant complications. In symptomatic patients with paroxysmal or chronic atrial fibrillation who have failed antiarrhythmic drug therapy, catheter ablation is an effective treatment strategy for maintenance of sinus rhythm.     

Pulsed field catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation

Catheter ablation (CA) has become the mainstay therapy for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) the most frequently used treatment strategy. Although several energy sources have been tested (including radiofrequency, cryothermal and laser), these are not devoid of safety issues and in many instances effectiveness is dependent on operator experience. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a novel energy source by which high-voltage electric pulses are used to create pores in the cellular membrane (i.e., electroporation), leading to cellular death. The amount of energy required to produce irreversible electroporation is highly tissue dependent. In consequence, a tailored protocol in which specific targeting of the atrial myocardium is achieved while sparing adjacent tissues is theoretically feasible, increasing the safety of the procedure. While large scale clinical trials are lacking, current clinical evidence has demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving durable PVI without ablation related adverse events.     

Complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is a modern therapeutic method that effectively prevents arrhythmia recurrences. Because of the complexity nature of this procedure, it is not surprising that the rate of complications is higher compared with other types of catheter ablations. This review focuses on the most important complications, and discusses their prevention, diagnosis and therapy.     

Frontier of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

The sudden evolution of catheter ablation (CA) therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) was brought by the discovery of a new insight into the triggering mechanism of AF by Haïssaguerre et al. in 1998. This discovery opened a new era of evolution of ablation therapy of paroxysmal AF (PAF). At the frontier of AF ablation, technical development of CA for long-standing persistent AF (CAF) has been done enthusiastically, although the detailed electrophysiologic mechanism and anatomical substrate of persistent AF remain unknown. Stepwise ablation composed of multiple procedures, circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), biatrial defragmentation, and anatomical linear ablation with the endpoint of AF termination has been the most widely accepted method, because the efficacy of this method was reported to be surprisingly high during a relatively short duration of follow-up. Recently, they showed this strategy has a significant limitation in efficacy for CAF with long AF duration (>7 years), enlarged left atrium (>50 mm in left anterior descending artery), short AF cycle length (AFCL) (<130 ms) and impaired cardiac function. For cases associated with these clinical, anatomical, and electrophysiological parameters, AF termination as an endpoint might be abandoned if peak prolongation of AFCL, reduction of intra-/inter-atrial AFCL gradient, and low defibrillation threshold are attained after predetermined lesion set is completed. Prolonged procedure with massive tissue ablation to attain AF termination should be avoided, because it potentially increases adverse events during and immediately after the procedure and causes extensive scar-formation in both atria with atrial mechanical dysfunction.     

Cost-effectiveness of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is a rapidly evolving field. It has been adopted at many institutions worldwide. This review compares the efficacy and cost of catheter ablation and medical therapy in atrial fibrillation patients. RECENT FINDINGS: There is emerging evidence for clinical superiority of catheter ablation over medical therapy for restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation patients. Early analyses of costs related to catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation suggest that medical therapy and catheter ablation become cost-equivalent at about 5 years of follow-up. A recent cost-effectiveness study concluded that catheter ablation is a cost-effective alternative to medical care in younger and older patients at low and moderate risk of stroke, assuming that restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm with ablation would have some protective effect with respect to embolic events. SUMMARY: Catheter ablation is a potentially cost-effective strategy in select patients with atrial fibrillation. Long-term randomized studies that compare it to conventional care and focus on outcomes of morbidity and mortality are necessary prior to widespread application of this technique.