正交试验法优选金芍胶囊的醇提工艺

【目的】对金芍胶囊的醇提工艺进行优选。【方法】以盐酸小檗碱的含量和得膏率为考查指标,采用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优选。【结果】与乙醇用量、提取次数相比,乙醇浓度对盐酸小檗碱的提取影响较大,优选出的最佳提取工艺为:采用为药材8、6倍量的体积分数70%乙醇分别回流提取2次,每次1 h。【结论】该工艺盐酸小檗碱提取率较高,有较好的稳定性,且工艺简便经济,适合于生产。     

大黄黄连滴丸中黄连的提取工艺研究

目的:优选大黄黄连滴丸中黄连的提取工艺.方法:采用正交试验法,以黄连提取的收膏率和盐酸小檗碱提取量为考察指标,利用HPLC法测定盐酸小檗碱含量.结果:最佳提取工艺条件为黄连粗粉加10倍量60%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h.结论:优选得到的工艺简便易行,适合于工业化生产.     

基于多指标定量评价的正交试验优选五味黄连洗液水提工艺

目的:以多指标综合评分法优选五味黄连洗液的水提工艺。方法:参考单因素试验结果,以加水倍数、提取时间、提取次数作为考察因素,将测得栀子苷含量、黄芩苷含量、盐酸小檗碱含量、盐酸黄连碱含量和干浸膏得率作为考察对象,选用L₉(3⁴)正交试验优化五味黄连洗液的提取制备工艺。结果:优选五味黄连洗液制备工艺的最佳条件为加入10倍量水,提取2次,每次2h。结论:以多指标优选五味黄连洗液的提取工艺,不仅可以兼顾多成分含量的变化情况,还可为五味黄连洗液实现规模化大生产提供实验依据。     

糖脂平胶囊提取工艺的研究

优化糖脂平胶囊有效成分的提取工艺条件.以多糖和盐酸小檗碱的转移率为考核指标,确定黄连采用乙醇回流提取,金线莲等其它药材采用水煎煮的工艺;以盐酸小檗碱含量为指标成分,用正交试验方法考察黄连乙醇回流提取工艺中乙醇浓度、提取时间和提取次数3个影响因素.结果：筛选得到黄连的提取工艺条件为用6倍量80%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2 h;其余药材提取条件为10倍量水煎煮2次,每次1.5 h.结论：利用此提取工艺条件能充分有效地提取药材中的有效成分.     

采用正交试验法优选黄柏的提取工艺探析

目的：探析通过正交试验优选黄柏的提取工艺条件。方法：运用L9(34)正交试验对黄柏的提取工艺条件进行优化,并以盐酸小檗碱含量和相对密度为检测指标,采用紫外分光光度法测定黄柏中小檗碱的含量。结果与结论：采用正交试验法优选黄柏的最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度85%,每次加入药材6倍量的乙醇,提取次数为3次,每次提取1.5h。用正交试验法优选黄柏的提取工艺稳定,安全可靠,无污染,可用于相关的工业生产。     

利用正交试验设计康妇膜的最佳提取工艺

目的 利用正交试验法研究康妇膜的最佳提取工艺.方法 醇提工艺以盐酸小檗碱含量为考察指标,采用正交设计法对其提取工艺条件进行优选,以浸泡时间、乙醇浓度、渗漉速度,乙醇用量4个因素,每个因素选取了3个水平进行试验,采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸小檗碱含量.结果 康妇膜醇提最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度为70%,浸泡时间为24h,渗漉速度为4ml·min-1,收集渗漉液体积为药材体积的12倍.结论 优选出的提取条件科学合理、适合工业化生产、所得制剂质量可控.     

用正交设计优选清热降压胶囊提取工艺条件

目的:优选清热降压胶囊的提取工艺条件。方法:用正交试验,以盐酸小檗碱、钩藤碱、干浸膏的含量为指标进行提取工艺优选。结果:黄连、钩藤、泽泻用60%乙醇回流提取2次,第1次用8倍量乙醇提取2 h,第2次用6倍量乙醇提取1.5 h。结论:验证试验结果表明,优选出的提取工艺条件稳定、合理、可行。     

正交实验优选失眠贴中黄连乙醇回流提取工艺

目的优选失眠贴中黄连乙醇回流提取工艺条件。方法以黄连总碱提取量为考察指标,利用紫外分光光度法测定黄连中总碱含量(以盐酸小檗碱计),采用L9(34)正交试验进行优选。结果优选提取工艺条件为:用4倍量50%乙醇,提取3次,每次提取2h,3批样品黄连总碱平均提取率为8.4%。结论优选的提取工艺比较理想。     

正交试验法优选妇乐安胶囊的提取工艺

目的优选妇乐安胶囊中药材的提取工艺。方法用正交设计法,以盐酸小檗碱含量为指标优选关黄柏等药材的提取工艺;以芍药苷含量为指标优选赤芍、土茯苓、大血藤等药材的提取工艺。结果乙醇浓度为70%、乙醇加入量为药材的10倍、提取2次,每次1h提取关黄柏等药材;加水量为10倍,煎煮时间1h,煎煮次数2次提取赤芍、土茯苓、大血藤等药材。结论此提取条件为最佳。     

正交试验法优选风咳合剂提取工艺的研究

目的优选风咳合剂的最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验设计,以高效液相色谱法测定提取液中盐酸小檗碱的含量及正丁醇萃取得率为指标,优选灌肠方的提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为12倍量的水,提取2次,每次40分钟。结论该提取工艺稳定,安全,简便易行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.