锰卟啉络合物对MPTP诱导的帕金森病小鼠的防治作用

目的:观察锰卟啉络合物[manganese(Ⅲ)meso-tetrakis(N,N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin,MnTDM]对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)诱导的早期帕金森病模型小鼠的防治效果,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为MPTP模型组(连续3 d皮下注射25 mg/kg MPTP),MnTDM MPTP组(于MPTP注射前1 h皮下注射15 mg/kg MnTDM)以及MnTDM对照组、生理盐水对照组,每组10只.末次注射后第3日进行爬杆和游泳等行为学检测;HPLC-ECD法检测各组小鼠纹状体多巴胺(dopamine,DA)及其代谢产物3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(DOPAC)和高香草酸(HVA)水平;硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)法测定各组小鼠纹状体丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平.结果:急性注射MPTP可建立早期帕金森病小鼠模型;与对照组相比,MPTP组小鼠纹状体DA、DOPAC、HVA水平明显下降(P＜0.01),MDA水平明显升高(P＜0.05);但短期对小鼠行为学指标影响不大.MnTDM能部分抑制MPTP的上述作用;与MPTP组相比,MnTDM MPTP组小鼠纹状体DA、DOPAC、HVA水平明显上升,MDA水平明显下降(P均＜0.05).各组小鼠间行为学指标无统计学差异.结论:MnTDM能抑制脂质过氧化,促进多巴胺类神经递质分泌,对MPTP诱导的帕金森病小鼠有一定防治作用.     

甘草黄酮对MPTP帕金森病小鼠多巴胺能神经元的影响

目的 观察甘草黄酮对MPTP帕金森病（PD）小鼠多巴胺（DA）能神经元的影响. 方法 制作MPTP小鼠PD模型,随机分为3组：模型组（每日一次腹腔注射给予25 mg/kg MPTP,连续5次）、空白组（每日一次腹腔注射给予等量生理盐水）和甘草黄酮处理组（除给予MPTP外,每日一次灌胃给予30 mg/kg甘草黄酮,连续7次）.采用行为学观察、免疫组织化学和免疫蛋白印记法观察模型小鼠的行为学表现、DA能神经元数量和腹侧中脑酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）蛋白表达水平.并观察甘草黄酮处理后对上述指标的影响. 结果 模型组小鼠出现PD典型行为学表现,黑质致密部DA能神经元数量（56.2 ±3.5vs152.4±8.6）和腹侧中脑TH含量（3.1 ±0.5 vs14.7±0.9）较对照组显著下降（P＜0.01）.甘草黄酮处理组小鼠行为表现较轻.与模型组相比,黑质致密部DA能神经元的丢失和腹侧中脑TH含量下降均明显改善（P＜0.01）. 结论 甘草黄酮对MPTP帕金森病小鼠DA能神经元具有神经保护效应.     

霍山石斛多糖对帕金森病模型小鼠脑组织氧化应激和炎症反应的影响

目的：探讨霍山石斛多糖(DHP)对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)诱导的帕金森病(PD)小鼠大脑纹状体中多巴胺(DA)水平、黑质中相关炎症因子水平和抗氧化酶活力的影响,阐明DHP对PD的改善作用。方法：C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和不同剂量(25、50及100 mg·kg^-1) DHP组,除对照组外,其余各组小鼠采用腹腔注射MPTP的方法建立PD小鼠模型,不同剂量DHP组小鼠建模后分别灌胃给予不同剂量DHP,对照组和模型组小鼠灌胃给予等量生理盐水。采用转棍法检测各组小鼠行为表现,高效液相色谱(HPLC)法检测各组小鼠脑纹状体中DA水平,化学比色法检测各组小鼠脑黑质中丙二醛(MDA)水平及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测各组小鼠脑黑质中白细胞介素1β (IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)水平。结果：与对照组比较,模型组小鼠转棍实验中掉落潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05);与模型组比较,50和100 mg·kg^-1 DHP组小鼠...     

灵芝孢子油对MPTP处理小鼠行为学及黑质区病理变化的影响

目的 研究灵芝孢子油对MPTP帕金森病(PD)小鼠模型行为学及病理改变的影响,探讨灵芝孢子油治疗帕金森病的可能性。方法 C57BL小鼠分为正常对照组、MPTP组、灵芝孢子油+MPTP组。MPTP组皮下注射MPTP(30mg/kg×6d)及喂食生理盐水,灵芝孢子油+MPTP组在注射MPTP前2d开始鼻饲灵芝孢子油1.5g/kg·d,连续8d。2周后用高效液相色谱法检测小鼠纹状体多巴胺(DA)及其代谢物含量,免疫组织化学法检测SNpc酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性细胞数量,Westernblot法对中脑TH蛋白进行半定量测定。结果 (1)爬杆实验中肢体出现刻板抖动行为的小鼠数目比例灵芝孢子油+MPTP组较MPTP组显著减少(12.5% vs 68.7%)。(2)DA及其代谢物含量在两组间有差异,灵芝孢子油+MPTP组各项指标均高于MPTP组。(3)灵芝孢子油+MPTP组小鼠在SNpc的TH阳性细胞、中脑TH蛋白含量均较MPTP组明显增多。结论 灵芝孢子油能明显改善MPTP小鼠模型行为学,增加纹状体DA及其代谢物含量,减少黑质DA能神经元的损伤,提示灵芝孢子油可能具有减缓PD病变进程的神经保护作用。     

乌鸡黑色素对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶致亚急性帕金森病模型小鼠的神经保护作用研究

目的 探讨乌鸡黑色素对1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）致帕金森病（PD）模型小鼠的神经保护作用及其机制。方法 2013年3月-2014年5月,按照随机数字表法将60只雄性C57/B6小鼠分为对照组（n=10）、MPTP模型组（n=12）和乌鸡黑色素治疗组（n=38）;乌鸡黑色素治疗组又进一步分为10 mg/kg治疗组（n=13）、30 mg/kg治疗组（n=13）和100 mg/kg治疗组（n=12）。对照组小鼠采用0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。MPTP模型组和乌鸡黑色素治疗组小鼠腹腔注射MPTP（30 mg/kg,1次/d,共7 d）,同时乌鸡黑色素治疗组小鼠分别灌胃给予不同剂量的乌鸡黑色素（10 mg/kg、30 mg/kg和100 mg/kg,1次/d,共7 d）。剔除建模不成功小鼠,最后实际入组小鼠分别为对照组10只、MPTP模型组10只、10 mg/kg治疗组10只、30 mg/kg治疗组9只、100 mg/kg治疗组9只。比较各组小鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）免疫阳性纤维的表达变化、黑质致密部TH免疫阳性神经元数及纹状体TH水平。结果 对照组可见大量呈束状、密集、排列规则有序TH免疫阳性神经纤维;MPTP模型组TH免疫阳性神经纤维稀疏、断裂且排列零散无序;乌鸡黑色素治疗组与模型组染色结果相比,仍可见呈束状、较密集、排列较有序的TH免疫阳性神经纤维,尤其以30 mg/kg治疗组最为明显。MPTP模型组、10 mg/kg治疗组、30 mg/kg治疗组、100 mg/kg治疗组黑质致密部TH免疫阳性神经元数低于对照组（P＜0.05）;30 mg/kg治疗组黑质致密部TH免疫阳性神经元数高于MPTP模型组（P＜0.05）。MPTP模型组、10 mg/kg治疗组、30 mg/kg治疗组、100 mg/kg治疗组纹状体TH水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;30 mg/kg治疗组、100 mg/kg治疗组纹状体TH水平高于MPTP模型组（P＜0.05）。结论 乌鸡黑色素灌胃给药能减缓MPTP诱导的亚急性PD模型小鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的死亡和纹状体TH免疫阳性神经纤维的丢失,提示口服乌鸡黑色素对于PD模型小鼠有潜在的神经保护作用。     

针刺百会、大椎穴对帕金森病小鼠脑线粒体复合物活性的影响

目的 探讨针刺对帕金森病(PD)小鼠脑线粒体功能的保护作用.方法 C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为5组:正常组、模型组、针刺组、美多巴组、针刺结合美多巴组(简称针美组).首先腹腔注射1-甲基4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)建立帕金森病模型,后3组造模后采取不同的治疗措施,动物分别存活14 d和28 d,取脑,应用蔗糖差数离心法分离提取、溶解脑线粒体.采用考马斯亮蓝G250染色法进行其蛋白定量,运用生化比色法检测小鼠脑线粒体复合物I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ的活性.结果 14 d时,模型组小鼠脑线粒体复合物I活性下降(P＜0.05),针刺组线粒体复合物Ⅱ比模型组活性显著升高(P＜0.05),美多巴组的线粒体复合物Ⅱ活性较针刺组明显降低(P＜0.05).28 d时,模型组线粒体复合物Ⅳ活性显著下降(P＜0.05),针刺组和针美组线粒体复合物Ⅳ活性较模型组显著升高(P＜0.05),而美多巴组对复合物IV的活性无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论 针刺百会、大椎穴和加灌胃美多巴可在一定程度上抑制PD小鼠脑线粒体复合物活性的下降,保护脑线粒体的功能.     

抗震止痉胶囊联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗帕金森病的实验研究

目的观察抗震止痉胶囊联合还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)对帕金森病(PD)模型大鼠旋转行为、黑质抗氧化系统及神经递质代谢的影响.方法应用6-OHDA立体定向注射技术制作PD大鼠模型.随机选取24只模型大鼠分为4组(每组4只):模型组,中药组,左旋多巴(L-dopa)组,中药+GSH组,另设正常组6只.分别予相应处理,45 d后测定黑质区GSH-Px、MDA和ROS水平,测定尾状核DA、HVA及MAO-B水平.结果(1)中药组和中药+CSH组均为可部分改善PD大鼠旋转行为(P均＜0.05),二者相比元明显差异(P＞0.05).(2)中药组可提高GSH-Px活性,降低ROS、MDA水平(P均＜0.01),中药+GSH组的上述作用优于中药组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).L-dopa组使GSH-Px活性降低,ROS和MDA水平升高(P均＜0.05).(3)中药组和中药组+GSH组均可降低MAO-B活性,增加DA含量及DA/HVA比值(P＜0.01或P＜0.001),二者相比无明显差异(P＞0.05),L-dopa组MAO-B活性增强(P＜0.05),DA、HVA含量及DA/HVA比值均明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论抗震止痉胶囊联合GSH能部分改善PD模型大鼠旋转行为,并能减轻黑质区氧化应激损伤,降低MAO-B活性,调节纹状体DA含量及其代谢.     

黄芩苷与橙皮苷对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用比较

目的:研究黄芩苷与橙皮苷对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用,并比较二者的作用。方法:将ICR小鼠分为4组,即正常组、顺铂模型组、黄芩苷组和橙皮苷组,给药组分别给予黄芩苷(300mg/kg)和橙皮苷(300mg/kg),连续灌胃7天,正常组和模型组给予同体积溶剂,在第3天给药后1h时腹腔注射顺铂(5mg/kg)连续5天,末次注射15h后断头处死小鼠,取肝脏和血液进行检测,通过肝脏的病理组织学检测、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)测定可反映顺铂引起肝脏损伤,利用生化法测定肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)可反映其氧化损伤情况。结果:黄芩苷和橙皮苷可显著抑制顺铂引起小鼠血清ALT和AST水平升高,减少MDA的形成,恢复抗氧化酶SOD的活性,并抑制GSH的耗竭,但黄芩苷的作用比橙皮苷更显著。此外,黄芩苷和橙皮苷明显减轻肝脏水样空泡样变性、炎症浸润和坏死。结论:黄芩苷与橙皮苷均对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤均具有明显保护作用,尤其是黄芩苷,其保护作用主要与抗氧化作用密切相关。     

黄芩苷与橙皮苷对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用比较

目的：研究黄芩苷与橙皮苷对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用,并比较二者的作用。方法：将ICR小鼠分为4组,即正常组、顺铂模型组、黄芩苷组和橙皮苷组,给药组分别给予黄芩苷（300mg/kg）和橙皮苷（300mg/kg）,连续灌胃7天,正常组和模型组给予同体积溶剂,在第3天给药后1h时腹腔注射顺铂（5mg/kg）连续5天,末次注射15h后断头处死小鼠,取肝脏和血液进行检测,通过肝脏的病理组织学检测、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）测定可反映顺铂引起肝脏损伤,利用生化法测定肝组织丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）可反映其氧化损伤情况。结果：黄芩苷和橙皮苷可显著抑制顺铂引起小鼠血清ALT和AST水平升高,减少MDA的形成,恢复抗氧化酶SOD的活性,并抑制GSH的耗竭,但黄芩苷的作用比橙皮苷更显著。此外,黄芩苷和橙皮苷明显减轻肝脏水样空泡样变性、炎症浸润和坏死。结论：黄芩苷与橙皮苷均对顺铂所致小鼠肝损伤均具有明显保护作用,尤其是黄芩苷,其保护作用主要与抗氧化作用密切相关。     

在体观测补肾中药对帕金森病模型小鼠纹状体多巴胺含量的影响

目的 探讨补肾中药对帕金森病(PD)模型小鼠黑质一纹状体多巴胺(DA)的影响. 方法用MPTP·HCl腹腔注射法建立PD小鼠模型,选择造模成功小鼠随机分为淫羊藿组、黄精组、司来吉兰组、模型对照组,每组6只,另取同周龄同品系小鼠6只作为正常对照组.正常对照组、模型对照组灌胃给予蒸馏水,淫羊藿组、黄精组、司来吉兰组灌胃给予...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.