复合脉冲电磁场对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松预防作用的研究

目的 观察复合脉冲电磁场（PEMFs)对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松（OP）的预防作用,以寻求防治OP的新途径。方法 3月龄SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（N）、去卵巢组（O）、去卵巢加苯甲酸雌二醇处理组（E）及去卵巢加PEMFs处理组（EM）,治疗8周后测定骨生物力学、骨密度、骨形态学。结果 生物力学性能测定显示,经PEMFs治疗后股骨最大抗拉强度和椎骨最大抗压强度明显提高,较O组分别增加39．2％、37．9％（P＜0．01）,并超过N组和E组（P＜0．01）;EM组骨密度（BMD）尽管未恢复至正常（P＜0．05）,但与0组相比仍有明显改善（P＜0．01）,且已基本达到E组水平;骨形态学分析发现EM组骨小梁增宽、致密,分布有序,结构优于O组和E组。结论 PEMFs能够增加骱密度,改善骨生物力学性能和骨结构。鉴于其对OP的预防作用主要是通过提高骨质量来实现的,我们认为在PEMFs一定程度上优于苯甲酸雌二醇,是颇具潜力的预防骨质疏松的方法。     

骨形态计量学对增龄及去睾丸大鼠骨代谢的实验研究

目的 探讨３月半龄雄性大鼠增龄及去睾丸后骨量的变化,比较两之间骨代谢的变化。方法 ２０只３月半龄ＳＤ雄性大鼠,随机分成基础对照组、年龄对照组和去睾丸组,同等条件下饲养９０天。实验结束,取胫骨近端行不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果 年龄对照组（６月半龄）与基础对照组（３月半龄）相比,骨组织静态参数骨小梁面积百分率有下降趋势,骨的显微结构明显变差,动态参数如荧光标记周长百分率、骨形成率和单     

补骨胶囊对去睾丸大鼠骨代谢影响的定量研究

目的观察补骨胶囊防治大鼠去睾丸致骨质疏松的作用及其机理的探讨。方法２１只３月半龄ＳＤ雄性大鼠,随机分成年龄对照组、去睾丸组和补骨胶囊用药组（含淫羊藿,黄芪,白术）按５ｍｌ．ｋｇ＾－１。ｄ＾－１ｉｇ,持续９０天。实验结束,取胫骨近心端行不脱钙骨制片进行骨组织形态计量学分析。结果去睾丸９０天大鼠的骨量与年龄对照组比明显下降（骨小梁面积百分率％Ｔｂ．Ａｒ－５０％）;补骨胶囊用药组骨量高于去睾丸组（％Ｔｂ     

大黄素和小剂量雌激素合用对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用

目的观察大黄素和小剂量雌激素联合应用对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的预防作用.方法3月龄大鼠双侧卵巢去除术后预防用药90 d.用骨组织形态计量学方法,测定大鼠胫骨近端松质骨静态参数和动态参数,观察骨物理生长指标、血清生化指标和器官指数.结果大黄素90 mg·kg-1·d-1和己烯雌酚5 μg·kg-1·d-1联合应用可抑制去卵巢大鼠的破骨细胞活性,完全对抗其骨转化率增高和骨量丢失的骨质疏松症状,与己烯雌酚30 μg·kg-1·d-1的作用相当,且降低己烯雌酚对子宫和肝脏的刺激作用.结论大黄素和小剂量己烯雌酚联合应用可预防去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松.     

雌激素预防性给药对去卵巢大鼠骨和脏器的影响

目的采用双侧卵巢切除术建立绝经后骨质疏松(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMOP)大鼠模型,探讨雌激素预防性给药对绝经后大鼠骨和脏器的影响。方法将SD大鼠分为假手术(sham-operated,Sham)组、去卵巢(ovariectomized,OVX)组、雌二醇组(β-estradiol-treated OVX,OVX/E2)组。术后第10 d开始皮下注射给药并称量大鼠体重,术后61 d处死大鼠,取脏器和骨,称量脏器重量,计算脏器指数。制备组织切片,进行HE染色。结果组织形态学观察表明,OVX组大鼠的股骨和胫骨均出现骨小梁断裂、间距变大、结构紊乱等骨质疏松症状,而OVX/E2组并未出现明显的发病症状。相较于Sham组,OVX组大鼠子宫内膜固有层中的子宫腺数目增多,腺腔增大,子宫黏膜上皮明显增厚,而OVX/E2组的大鼠子宫形态结构并未发生明显病变。大鼠体重和脏器指数分析表明,摘除卵巢不仅会引起大鼠术后早期的体重增加,还会导致大鼠肝、肺、肾和脾的脏器指数增加,而雌激素预防性给药能一定程度上缓解去卵巢手术引发的脏器指数的异常变化。结论适时进行一定剂量的雌激素给药能够较好地预防绝经后骨质疏松症的发生,为绝经后骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供参考。     

雌激素对去卵巢大鼠松质骨中骨保护素mRNA表达的影响

目的 :通过去卵巢大鼠予雌激素后 ,腰椎内OPGmRNA的表达进一步探讨雌激素防治骨质疏松的分子机制。方法 :雌性 3月龄SD大鼠 3 6只 ,随机均分为卵巢切除 +雌激素 (倍美力 )预防组 (EP) ,骨质疏松组 (卵巢切除OVX)及正常对照组 (SHAM ) 3组。术后 12周处死大鼠 ,取第 3腰椎椎体 ,异硫氰酸胍一步法提取总RNA ,嵌套式反转录聚合酶链反应 (NRT PCR)扩增待检测各组OPGmRNA的表达。同时取第 4腰椎椎体 ,行骨组织形态计量学检测。结果 12例腰椎骨组织中 ,EP组 10例OPGmRNA呈阳性表达 (阳性率 83 .3 % ) ,OVX组 2例呈阳性表达 (阳性率 16.7% ) ,而SHAM组 12例均呈阳性表达。统计学处理 :EP组与OVX组有高度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,EP组与SHAM组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。骨组织形态计量学检测 ,OVX组骨体积、骨小梁数目均比SHAM组显著减少 ,而骨小梁间隔显著增大。与OVX组比较 ,EP组骨体积、骨小梁厚度增加 ,骨小梁间隔稍有减小 ,无统计学意义。EP对骨小梁数目无明显影响。结论 :雌激素通过增强松质骨中OPGmRNA的表达 ,抑制破骨细胞性骨吸收 ,从而对去卵巢大鼠的骨质疏松有明显的预防作用。     

骨本胶囊对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松及血清钙的影响

骨质疏松症是以低骨量、骨组织微结构破坏,导致骨脆性增加以及易于发生骨折的全身性骨病,尤以绝经期后妇女为甚,主要表现为全身性骨骼疼痛、驼背等症,相似于中医痹证、骨极等证。我们经过几年的研究,总结出了防治骨质疏松有效方药骨本胶囊,通过对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松...     

低剂量雌激素与中药联合用药有效防治大鼠去卵巢所致骨质丢失

目的　探讨低剂量雌激素与中药复方壮骨肾宝 (ZGSB)联合用药防治大鼠去卵巢所致的骨质疏松。方法　 4月龄SD大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术 ,建立骨质疏松动物模型。对照组行假手术。每组 8只 ,共分 6组 ,假手术组 (Sham)和去卵巢组 (OVX)均用蒸馏水 (溶剂对照 )灌胃 ,其余分别为 :OVX +1 7α 炔雌醇 1 0 0 μg·kg 1 ·d 1 (高剂量雌激素组 ) ;OVX +1 7α 炔雌醇 30 μg·kg 1 ·d 1 (低剂量雌激素组 ) ;OVX +壮骨肾宝 1 0 0mg·kg 1 ·d 1 ;(壮骨肾宝组 )和OVX +1 7α 炔雌醇 30 μg·kg 1 ·d 1 +壮骨肾宝 1 0 0mg·kg 1 ·d 1 (联合用药组 ) ,灌胃给药。所有动物给药时间为 1 0周 ,实验结束前 ,行体内双荧光标记 ,实验结束后 ,取胫骨近端松质骨不脱钙硬组织包埋 ,用骨组织形态计量学对骨的静态参数和动态参数进行图像分析及统计。结果　去卵巢后大鼠体重增加 ,子宫重量减轻 ,骨量减少 ,呈现高转换型的骨质疏松表现。雌激素高、低两组均可对抗去卵巢后出现的骨质疏松 ,但低剂量组作用较弱 ,两组均有刺激子宫作用。壮骨肾宝能部分增加去卵巢后大鼠的骨量 ,以促进骨合成为主 ,对破骨细胞的抑制作用较弱。低剂量雌激素与壮骨肾宝联合用药预防去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的作用较佳 ,比单用雌激素或单用中药的效果明显 ,骨     

雄激素与骨质疏松

骨质疏松是现代人最常见的骨代谢病。由于女性发病率明显高于男性，雌激素与骨质疏松的关系早已成为研究热点。相比之下，人们较少注意雄激素对骨质疏松的影响。据美国国家骨质疏松基金会（ＮＯＦ）１９９７年１月的数据，美国男性中每年有２００万人患骨质疏松，另有３０...     

维甲酸诱导雌性大鼠骨质疏松的效果及机理分析

目的观察维甲酸诱导的大鼠骨质疏松模型的效果,并分析其机理.方法SD雌性大鼠48只,随机分为正常组和维甲酸组,后者连续维甲酸80mg@kg-1.d-1灌胃15d,诱导骨质疏松.实验时间75d,分别于停药后0、30和60d处死大鼠,观察血清AKP、TRAP含量及股骨松质骨、皮质骨形态计量学变化.结果维甲酸诱导15d后,大鼠股骨松质骨和皮质骨骨量减少,松质骨破骨细胞数明显增多,功能活跃,血清AKP、TRAP显著增高;停药后30d维甲酸组松质骨和皮质骨仍表现骨量减少,松质骨破骨细胞数和血清AKP虽较前降低仍显著高于正常组;停药后60d维甲酸组股骨松质骨骨量依然显著减少,但皮质骨骨量、松质骨破骨细胞数和血清中AKP、TRAP无明显差异,松质骨成骨细胞数明显增多.结论维甲酸诱导骨质疏松大鼠模型的近期效果好,远期效果较差;模型大鼠骨量丢失松质骨比皮质骨明显而持久;停药后随时间的延长,大鼠疏松的骨质有通过自身修复的作用.维甲酸诱导骨质疏松的机理主要是破骨细胞数量及活性增加,骨吸收增强.     

Adherence of academic geriatric practitioners to osteoporosis screening guidelines

Objectives To examine the bone mineral density (BMD) testing habits of geriatricians and geriatric fellows at the University of Connecticut fellowship training program to evaluate their adherence screening guidelines. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting University based academic geriatric practice in Farmington, CT. Participants Chart review of two hundred female patients over age 65 under care of seven faculty geriatricians and eight geriatric fellows in training. Measurements Data collected included BMD testing status, patient’s osteoporosis risk factors and functional status. Results Physicians ordered BMD tests in 151 (76%) patients; 128 (64%) had a bone mineral density test within three years. A personal history of fracture was the only osteoporosis risk factor that correlated to higher rates of osteoporosis testing. Physicians were more likely to order BMD screening in younger patients (92% in 65–74 vs. 74% in ages 85+, P=.031), patients independent in activities of daily living (72% vs. 32, P=.002), and patients without dementia (70% vs.37%, p=.007). BMD testing results found 82% with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Conclusions A geriatric group that is highly attuned to bone health demonstrated more optimal adherence to OP testing guidelines for all “at-risk” older women and better than reported previously. Functional status more strongly predicted BMD testing than osteoporosis risk factors. This study suggests that with improved physician education and familiarity with the disease, high rates of BMD testing for earlier identification of geriatric patients at risk for osteoporosis are achievable. This study was supported by an Independent Educational Grant from the Alliance for Better Bone Health.     

重组人生长激素治疗大鼠卵巢切除后骨量丢失的研究

目的研究重组人生长激素对卵巢切除后大鼠骨量丢失的治疗作用。方法大鼠卵巢切除后３个月开始接受不同剂量生长激素治疗,８周后处死。采用骨密度测定,骨组织计量学分析,血清生化指标测定等观察生长激素对实验性骨质疏松症的治疗作用。结果生长激素使骨质疏松大鼠腰椎骨增加,股骨中段皮质骨显著增厚,腰椎体小梁骨体积增加而且小梁连结性明显改善。重组人生长激素可促进骨质疏松大鼠类胰岛素生长因子－１合成增加。结论重组人生长     

补肾壮骨冲剂治疗310例骨质疏松症患者5年观察

目的观察5年补肾壮骨冲剂治疗老年性骨质疏松症的疗效,以期了解中医药治疗老年性骨质疏松症远期效果。方法于1997-07～2004-07选择2家医院门诊的老年性骨质疏松症患者310例为研究对象,其中治疗组174例,空白对照组136例,治疗组口服补肾壮骨冲剂,空白对照组只接受对症治疗。采用丹麦产1100A单光子骨密度仪,测量非优势左前臂尺、桡骨。计算出前臂骨矿含量和骨密度。结果①治疗6个月后两组骨矿含量和骨密度结果比较:治疗组骨矿含量、骨密度均明显高于治疗前(P<0.01),空白对照组骨矿含量、骨密度均低于入组时(P<0.01),组间比较差异具有显著性(P<0.01);②骨折发生率:治疗组低于空白对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论补肾壮骨冲剂长期服用能明显提高及稳定老年性骨质疏松症患者骨矿含量、骨密度水平,降低新骨折率。     

骨质疏松动物实验骨折风险性分析

目的:评价骨质疏松动物模型发生骨折的风险性.方法:健康雌性SD大鼠36只,随机分为实验组和对照组各18只.实验组切除双侧卵巢,对照组仅切开皮肤.于术后2、4、8周两组处死6只大鼠,作松质骨(腰椎)和皮质骨(股骨干)骨密度(BMD)组织形态学和力学测定.结果:与对照组相比,手术组松质骨BMD 2、4、8周均明显下降,2周皮质骨无明显差异,4、8周则明显下降;股骨中段骨皮质厚度变薄;骨小梁体积(TBV)占全部骨组织体积(TTV)的百分比明显减少;成骨细胞和破骨细胞明显增多;股骨最大弯曲载荷、腰椎最大压缩载荷下降.     

Effect of menatetrenone on bone mineral density and incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a comparison with the effect of etidronate

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of etidronate and menatetrenone on bone mineral density (BMD) and the incidence of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Seventy-two osteoporotic women, more than 5 years after menopause, 53–78 years of age, were randomly divided into three administration groups: E group; intermittent cyclical etidronate (200 mg/day, 14 days per 3 months; n = 25); M group; menatetrenone (45 mg/day, daily; n = 23); and C group (control); calcium lactate (2 g/day, daily; n = 24). Forearm BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the treatment started. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, years since menopause, and initial BMD among the three groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measurements showed a significant decrease in BMD in the C group (P < 0.0001). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements showed a significant increase in BMD in the M group compared with that in the C group (P < 0.0001), and a significant increase in BMD in the E group compared with that in the C and M groups (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The indices of new vertebral fractures/1000 patient-years in the E and M groups were significantly higher than that in the C group (χ² = 47.7; P < 0.0001 and χ² = 42.4; P < 0.0001, respectively), and did not differ significantly between the E and M groups. The present preliminary study provides evidence to suggest that, despite the lower increase in BMD produced by me-natetrenone, this agent, as well as etidronate, may have the potential to reduce osteoporotic vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Received: January 9, 2001 / Accepted: June 8, 2001     

A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD,age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis

Factors that determine a post-menopausal woman's bone mineral density (BMD) include her mass at the time of skeletal maturity (peak BMD), menopause and the rate of loss she experiences as she ages. Understanding the relative influence of each of these factors may help identify important preventive treatments and provide new ways to identify women at risk for osteoporosis. In this analysis we utilize a computer model of the bone remodeling process to predict the relative influences of peak BMD, menopause and age-related bone loss on the development of osteoporosis. The delay in the onset of osteoporosis (defined as BMD <2.5 SD from the young adult mean) caused by modifying peak BMD, age-related bone loss or the age at menopause is quantified. A 10% increase in peak BMD is predicted to delay the development of osteoporosis by 13 years, while a 10% change in the age at menopause or the rate of non-menopausal bone loss is predicted to delay osteoporosis by approximately 2 years, suggesting that peak BMD may be the single most important factor in the development of osteoporosis.Presented in part as a poster at the 24rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, September 20–24, 2002 San Antonio, Tex., USA     

原发性骨质疏松与腰腿痛40例报告

研究腰腿痛与原发性骨质疏松的关系。方法采用骨密度测量对临床４０例中,老年腰椎病人以及同年龄段健康人骨密度值进行对比的分析。结果中老年腰痛病人中有相当一部分的骨密度值低于同年龄健康人,其发病率男女比为１：３．４４,骨折发生率约为２２．５％。结论原发性骨质疏松是引起中老年性腰腿痛的原因之一。     

Genetic determination of variation and covariation of bone mineral density at the hip and spine in a Chinese population

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a significant determinant of risk for osteoporosis. Genetic factors are known to account for a major proportion of variation of BMD in Caucasians. However, the degree of genetic determination of BMD in Chinese populations has seldom been investigated. The aim of our study was to investigate the magnitude of the genetic determination of BMD at the spine and hip, and their genetic covariation, in a population of Shanghai city in P. R. China. The subjects consisted of 44 full-sib pairs of females aged 19–43 years, 186 mother-daughter pairs, and 270 nuclear families. For BMD at the spine and hip, the values for narrow-sense heritability h ² (±SE) were 0.72 ± 0.14 and 0.87 ± 0.14, respectively, when estimated by full-sib pairs, and 0.44 ± 0.07 and 0.77 ± 0.07, respectively, when estimated by mother-daughter pairs. There was a significant genetic correlation r _g (±SE) of BMD between the spine and hip, of 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.04, respectively, when estimated by full-sib pairs and mother-daughter pairs. The common household impact on BMD in our study was negligible according to the statistical estimate. We conclude that genetic factors play a major role in the determination of the variation and covariation of BMD at the spine and hip in our Chinese sample.     

Lack of association between calcium-sensing receptor gene "A986S" polymorphism and bone mineral density in Hungarian postmenopausal women

Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is an attractive candidate gene for osteoporosis susceptibility. The CaSR “A986S” genotype has been shown to have an effect on serum calcium. Recently, an association has been reported between the CaSR gene A986S polymorphism and bone mineral density in healthy white girls. In this study, we examined whether CaSR gene A986S polymorphism is associated with decreased bone mass in 230 Hungarian postmenopausal women. From this cohort, 108 osteoporotic patients were compared with 122 healthy control women. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine (L2–4) and femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify A986S polymorphisms of the CaSR gene. We found no difference in the distribution of different alleles or genotypes between groups (p = 0.762). No significant effect of CaSR genotype on BMD was observed either in the whole population or in the subgroups. Our data do not support the idea that CaSR gene A986S polymorphism has an impact on bone mass.     

骨质疏松模型的评价方法研究进展

骨质疏松模型是否复制成功,需要客观的指标来判断,如骨密度测量、骨组织二维骨形态计量学测定、骨代谢生化指标的测量、骨生物力学指标检测等,其中以腰椎与股骨的骨密度和骨生物力学为主要评价指标.但单一的检测指标无法对骨质疏松模型进行准确的评估,存在片面性.因此,通过"宏观到微观、二维到三维、定性到定量"全面立体对骨质疏松模型进行检测显得尤为重要.