闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤的CT评价

目的:探讨腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现及临床价值。方法:回顾性分析120例闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现。结果:单脏器损伤113例,包括肝损伤16例,脾损伤51例,肾损伤43例,胰腺损伤3例;多脏器损伤7例,包括肝损伤伴右肾损伤1例,肝损伤伴脾损伤2例,脾损伤伴左肾损伤3例,脾损伤伴胰腺损伤及左肾盂输尿管连接处损伤1例。腹部实质脏器损伤的CT表现包括挫伤、撕裂伤、实质内血肿及被膜下血肿。首次CT平扫漏诊肝撕裂伤1例,脾损伤3例,肾撕裂伤2例,左肾盂输尿管连接处损伤1例。结论:CT检查可早期准确诊断腹部实质脏器损伤,为临床治疗提供重要依据。     

肾螺旋CT平扫与增强延时扫描对肾损伤的诊断

目的探讨螺旋CT平扫与增强延时扫描对肾损伤的诊断价值。方法57例肾损伤患者外伤后30min～3d均经螺旋CT平扫,其中,23例又经增强延时扫描,回顾分析其CT表现特点。结果Ⅰ型肾挫伤（肾内血肿）25例,Ⅱ型肾包膜下血肿11例．Ⅲ型严重肾损伤（肾撕裂或肾断裂）15例,Ⅳ型肾例血肿6例。23例肾损伤CT增强扫描和延时扫描不仅显示了平扫所见,而且,还硅示了肾集合系统损伤导致尿外液渗9例。结论肾螺旋CT平扫与增强延时扫描能显示肾损伤的的部位、范围、类型以及合并其他的损伤,并能指导怖床治疗。     

全腹部64层螺旋 CT 增强扫描对腹部实质脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的回顾性分析全腹部64层螺旋CT(MSCT)增强扫描对创伤所致腹部脏器损伤的诊断价值。方法对2008～2011年到我院就诊的63例有外伤史的患者进行全腹部MSCT增强扫描。患者先行平扫,再经肘正中静脉团注对比剂,延迟25S扫描,得到动脉期图像,再延迟50S得到静脉期图像,扫描范围为肺下部到耻骨联合下缘。结果 63例中腹部脏器损伤共83个。MSCT平扫发现损伤脏器表现为低密度影21例,混杂密度影35例,等密度影25例,高密度影2例。25例等密度影表现者MSCT平扫漏诊,在增强扫描后,其损伤部位和范围均得到明确显示;其余58例增强扫描后损伤部位的轮廓更加清晰,范围更加明确。脏器的其他损伤表现包括:脏器增大或增粗(6例)、包膜不光整(5例)、包膜下血肿(等密度7例、高密度7例、低密度2例、混杂密度1例)、造影剂外漏4例。63例中,45例为单个腹部实质脏器损伤,其中有41例行手术治疗;18例为复合脏器损伤,其中有14例行手术治疗,其术前CT诊断与手术符合率均达100%。结论全腹部MSCT增强扫描对创伤所致腹部脏器损伤的诊断具有显著优势,是腹部实质脏器损伤CT平扫的有效补充,可以作为腹部损伤的常规检查方法使用。     

超声对闭合性腹部实质性脏器损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨闭合性腹部实质性脏器损伤的超声诊断价值。方法应用东芝340型和西门子X300型彩色超声诊断仪,对55例闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤的临床诊断资料进行回顾性分析。结果 55例患者中肝脏损伤12例,其中轻度裂伤6例,浅表裂伤4例,实质裂伤2例。脾脏损伤33例,其中轻度挫伤6例,实质深部血肿5例,包膜下血肿7例,完全性损伤15例。肾脏损伤10例,其中肾挫伤5例,包膜下裂伤3例,粉碎伤及肾蒂伤2例。结论超声诊断闭合性腹部实质脏器损伤既简便、经济、快速有效又可动态的观察损伤部位的严重程度。既对外科临床医师决定是否急诊手术治疗有重要的意义,又是对小的血肿及范围较小包膜下血肿非手术治疗过程中的随访也有一定的价值。     

多层螺旋CT在儿童泌尿系统损伤中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT( MSCT)三维重建技术在泌尿系统损伤中的应用价值.方法 对43例泌尿系统损伤的患儿行MSCT后,应用三维重建技术对横断面图像进行容积重建(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)及多平面重组(MPR),获得完整的尿路影像.由两名副主任医师负责图像分析及诊断.结果 43例患儿中,单纯肾挫伤5例、肾挫裂伤伴包膜下血肿5例、肾挫裂伤伴肾周血肿4例、肾挫裂伤伴肾上腺血肿2例、肾撕裂伴尿外渗13例、肾撕裂伴肾蒂损伤3例、肾撕裂伴输尿管损伤6例、骨盆骨折伴后尿道断裂2例、膀胱壁损伤伴膀胱内血凝块3例.结论 MSCT具有扫描速度快、覆盖范围广、图像质量高及薄层扫描的特点,对儿童泌尿系统损伤的诊断具有优势.     

闭合性肾损伤的CT评价

目的:探讨闭合性肾损伤的CT表现及其临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析经临床或手术证实的54例闭合性肾损伤的临床及CT资料。结果:肾挫伤8例,肾内血肿3例,肾撕裂伤11例,肾碎裂伤2例,肾盂输尿管连接处撕裂1例,肾被膜下血肿33例,肾周血肿15例。漏诊肾盂输尿管损伤1例。结论:CT可快速、准确地判断肾损伤的程度及范围,为临床制订治疗方案提供依据。     

螺旋CT增强及延时扫描在肾损伤诊断中的作用

目的探讨螺旋CT增强及延时扫描在肾损伤诊断中的价值.资料与方法对50例肾损伤患者的螺旋CT平扫、增强扫描和延迟扫描结果进行回顾性分析.结果 CT平扫,33例表现为肾轮廓不规则, 肾包膜下血肿14例,肾周血肿13例,肾挫伤16例,肾撕裂伤7例;CT增强扫描和延时扫描不仅显示了平扫所见,而且还显示了肾脏收集系统损伤导致尿外渗7例.结论螺旋CT增强及延时扫描在肾损伤中,特别是在收集系统损伤的诊断中有重要的作用.     

CT在肾创伤诊断与分类中的价值

目的评价CT在肾损伤的诊断和分类中的价值。方法回顾性分析76例肾损伤的CT表现。结果76例中单纯性肾挫伤9例，单纯性肾内血肿7例，肾挫裂伤24例，单纯性肾包膜下血肿10例，肾撕裂伤21例，肾撕裂伴血肿及尿外渗2例，单纯性肾周血肿3例，合并腹内脏器伤41例，下位肋骨骨折18例。同时，所有患者的肾损伤是依据CT表现分为4大类型。结论螺旋CT能明确诊断肾损伤，并确定损伤类型，为临床制定治疗方案提供重要依据。     

腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT评价

目的：探讨急诊CT扫描在腹部闭合性创伤中的应用价值。方法：收集整理经手术或临床证实的腹部闭合性创伤65例急诊CT检查的影像资料,进行回顾性分析,所有病例均行CT平扫。结果：腹部闭合性创伤的急诊CT扫描主要表现为混杂高密度影像,多伴腹腔出血。本组65例腹部闭合性创伤中,肝脏损伤15例、脾26例、肾13例,肠系膜与肠管损伤2例,膀胱破裂2例,复合性实质性脏器损伤7例。其中51例伴腹腔出血,22例合并肋骨骨折。结论：急症CT扫描对诊断腹部闭合性创伤具有很大的价值,能明确腹部脏器损伤的部位、程度及复合性脏器损伤等信息,以指导临床医师制定有效的治疗方案。     

闭合性肾损伤的螺旋CT诊断与临床应用价值分析

目的：分析闭合性肾损伤的螺旋CT诊断及其临床应用价值。方法对所有患者进行螺旋CT检查,扫描仪器为GE Optima CT 66064排128层螺旋CT机,扫描范围为耻骨上缘与膈顶之间,89例均行平扫,增强扫描37例,延迟扫描13例。结果肾蒂伤12例,肾粉碎伤8例,肾撕裂伤16例,肾挫裂伤22例,肾包膜下出血8例,肾挫伤23例。结论利用螺旋CT诊断闭合性肾损伤,能够提高确诊率,同时CT诊断结果还能够为临床治疗方法的选择提供依据,所以在临床上应积极推广螺旋CT检查。     

CT、MRI对脊柱转移瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨CT、MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤的价值。方法回顾性分析55例经病理、临床证实脊柱转移瘤患者的CT和MRI表现。结果 CT、MRI检出55例脊柱转移瘤123个椎体受累,累及附件89个,累及椎管53处,椎旁软组织肿块65处,病理性骨折12处。CT表现为溶骨型、成骨型、混合型三种骨质改变。MRI表现为多数椎体形态无改变,少数椎体楔形变,双凹变形或伴前后径增大。椎体信号呈三种类型改变:均匀或略不均匀长T1、长T2信号;长T1短T2信号;T1WI不均匀低信号,T2WI混杂信号。MRI增强后病灶呈不同程度强化。结论 CT、MRI诊断脊柱转移瘤各有优势。CT显示脊柱转移瘤的骨质破坏改变优于MRI。MRI在鉴别诊断脊柱转移瘤病理性压缩骨折和诊断早期脊柱转移瘤中明显优于CT。     

MRI、CT诊断脊椎转移瘤的比较分析

目的:探讨脊椎转移瘤的MRI及CT征象,以提高脊椎转移瘤的早期诊断率。方法:对138例脊椎转移瘤患者进行MRI与CT检查,比较脊椎转移瘤在MRI和CT上的表现。结果:138例脊椎转移瘤共发现399个椎体异常,237处椎管受累,190处椎旁软组织肿块,178处病理性骨折。MRI表现为T1加权低信号74%(294/399);T2加权表现为高信号62%(249/399);脂肪抑制T2加权表现为高信号86%(344/399)。CT检出273处病灶表现为不同形态的骨质破坏,溶骨型66%(179/273),成骨型24%(65/273),混合型10%(29/273)。结论:MRI的敏感性和特异性高于CT,MRI和CT联合应用可提高脊椎转移瘤诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

Bildgebung extraduraler Raumforderungen

There is a wide variety of spinal extradural tumors. In addition to real neoplasms, degenerative diseases, congenital abnormalities and inflammatory disorders can be causes of extradural masses. Due to the bony boundary of the spinal canal, both benign as well as malignant masses can cause progressive neurological deficits including paraplegia. Most of the spinal tumors are benign (hemangioma of the vertebral body, degenerative diseases). In younger patients congenital abnormalities and primary tumors of the spine have to be considered, whereas in adults the list of differential diagnoses should include secondary malignancies such as metastases and lymphomas as well as metabolic disorders such as osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture and Paget's disease. Cross-sectional imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) of the spine often help to make a specific diagnosis of extradural spinal lesions and represent important tools for tumor staging and preoperative evaluation.     

CT and MRI features of spinal hydatidosis. A report of 8 cases

PURPOSE: Hydatidosis affects the bone in 0.5 to 2% of cases, with 44% of these cases involving the spine. We report 8 cases of vertebral involvement evaluated by CT and/or MRI. Materials and Methods. This retrospective study from January 1996 to August 2000 included seven patients (5 men and 3 women) aged between 28 and 65 years old. The mean age was 45 years old. Five patients underwent CT scan (one by CT-myelography). MRI was available in 4 cases. RESULTS: Imaging showed multicystic bony lesions. Thoracic involvement was present in 4 cases, lumbar involvement in 2 cases, and sacral involvement in 2 cases. The process involved 2 adjacent vertebrae in 4 cases at the thoracic and lumbar levels and the entire sacrum in the other cases. Only one case of vertebral collapse was noted, but extension into the spinal canal was noted in all cases. Other sites of involvement were also noted, especially in adjacent soft tissues, liver and spleen. CONCLUSION: The presence of multicystic vertebral lesions with involvement of adjacent soft tissues and/or distant organs should raise the possibility of spinal hydatidosis in endemic countries.     

Vertebral metastases and an equivocal bone scan: value of magnetic resonance imaging.

To assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the investigation of patients with suspected but nonproven vertebral metastases 45 consecutive patients referred in a 6 month period with known primary malignancy and back pain in whom an isotope bone scan was reported as equivocal were studied. All patients had abnormal isotope uptake localized to the spine. Twelve patients were shown to have bony metastases on plain X-ray. In the remainder, where X-rays showed normal or benign appearance, MRI of the spine was offered. Twenty-four patients underwent MRI examination which showed vertebral metastases in 11 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is shown to be a useful, noninvasive, complementary investigation for evaluation of patients known to have malignant disease and suspected of having vertebral metastases on bone scintigraphy.     

脊椎肿瘤30例CT分析

本文回顾性分析了经临床或手术病理证实的脊椎肿瘤３０例。在１８例转移性肿瘤中（共累及２７个脊椎），ＣＴ表现为骨质破坏的占２０／２７，成骨型占４／２７，混合型占３／２７。在溶骨型转移中，２０个转移灶位于椎体后２／３，其中１３个病灶同时亦累及椎弓或附件。伴有脊椎周围软组织肿胀的共１１例，８例为局限性，３例为弥漫性。多发性骨髓瘤和血管瘤往往具有典型的ＣＴ表现。骨母细胞瘤多原发于椎弓和附件，并累及椎体。骨巨     

脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的螺旋CT表现

目的探讨脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT表现。方法搜集经病理组织学证实的脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿患者15例,所有病例均行CT平扫及矢状位重建。结果 15例共累及23个椎体,单发10例,多发5例,其中颈椎6个,胸椎10个,腰椎7个。23个病灶均位于椎体,其中3个同时累及附件,2个累及椎弓根。23个病灶CT表现为椎体不同程度骨质破坏,其中19个椎体压缩变扁,13个病灶周围硬化,9个病灶于椎旁形成软组织肿块,1个椎间隙变窄。结论认识脊柱嗜酸性肉芽肿的CT表现,密切结合临床症状及实验室检查,有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

脊柱多发骨髓瘤与转移瘤的MRI鉴别诊断

目的 为了提高对脊柱多发骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma，MM)和转移瘤的影像诊断水平。方法 回顾性总结经骨髓涂片或局部病灶活检病理证实的脊柱多发骨髓瘤17例，脊柱转移瘤32例，分析二者的MRI特点，归纳其影像表现的差异。结果 脊柱多发骨髓瘤累及154个椎体，其中累及附件18个，占11．7％；椎体破坏变形8个，占5．2％；椎旁软组织多呈“围髓”生长。转移瘤累及椎体89个，多为跳跃状分布，累及附件45个，占50．6％；椎体破坏变形51个，占57．3％，椎旁软组织常以破坏区为中心生长。结论 MRI检查在鉴别脊柱多发骨髓瘤和转移瘤中可以提供可靠的信息。     

Imaging findings in patients with ventral dural defects and herniation of neural tissue

The aim of this paper is to describe clinical and imaging findings in three patients with ventral dural defects and herniation of the spinal cord or cauda equina. The literature is reviewed and the clinical, radiological and operative findings are compared. Three patients with ventral dural defects of different etiologies are presented. One patient gave a longstanding history of ankylosing spondylitis, the second patient presents 37 years after spinal trauma, and the third patient presents with spontaneous spinal cord herniation. All patients had typically slowly progressive neurological symptoms with multiple hospitalizations until diagnosis was made. Characteristic findings in postmyelographic CT included a ventral or ventrolateral displacement with deformation of the spinal cord or the cauda equina. Sagittal MRI showed this abrupt and localized anterior deviation of the spinal cord or the cauda equina to the posterior portions of a vertebral body with or without a bony vertebral defect optimally. Additionally, due to the ventral displacement of the spinal cord, the dorsal subarachnoid space was relatively enlarged without evidence of an arachnoid cyst, in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging and postmyelographic CT can diagnose ventral dural defects with spinal cord herniation or nerve root entrapment. Dural defects must be considered in the presence of neurological symptoms in cases of longstanding ankylosing spondylitis, late sequelae of fractures of vertebral bodies, and without history of spinal trauma or surgery. Received 13 June 1996; Revision received 8 November 1996; Accepted 20 March 1997     

脊柱转移瘤在椎骨上的分布与血行播散模式(附68例分析)

目的：分析脊柱转移瘤的CT表现，探讨转移瘤在椎骨上的分布与血行播散模式的相关性。方法：68例经临床及组织学证实的脊柱转移瘤病人，每个椎骨在CT横断面上被分成18个部分，每个部分的病灶数被统计。结果：68例患者167个椎骨受累，共210个病灶，其中。196个定位于椎体，168个定位于椎体中后部，49个椎骨的椎弓根受到侵犯。结论：转移瘤在椎骨上的分布与血行播散模式相关(尤其是Batson静脉丛)，并且在鉴别诊断中也有意义。