一期前路植骨融合内固定治疗相邻多椎体结核

目的探讨一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨内固定治疗相邻多椎体结核的临床疗效。方法2002年4月至2004年5月对24例胸腰椎相邻多椎体结核患者行一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨内固定治疗。男15例,女9例;年龄23￣62岁,平均42岁。病变节段最高T4,最低L3;胸椎12例,胸腰椎3例,腰椎9例;病变破坏2个椎体5例,3个椎体11例,4个椎体8例,造成椎体间缺损6￣9cm。所有患者均有不同程度的后凸畸形,融合节段后凸角27.5°±3.5°;6例伴不完全截瘫。术前强化抗痨2￣4周,术中彻底清除病灶、钛网填充自体肋骨植骨及椎体侧前方内固定,术后规则抗痨治疗1年。结果全部病例随访1.5￣2.5年,平均1.9年。切口均一期愈合,术后1￣6个月血沉逐渐恢复正常。术后融合节段后凸角5°±2.5°,8周时钛网两端下沉总和为(3.5±0.5)mm,终末随访时畸形矫正角度丢失4.1°±1.0°。钛网植骨于术后3个月开始融合,随访期间未发生松动、移位。6例不完全截瘫患者术后6个月神经功能完全恢复正常。无术中、术后并发症。结论一期前路病灶清除钛网植骨内固定治疗相邻多椎体结核可彻底清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱的稳定性。     

前路内固定矫正结核性脊柱畸形

目的　总结前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和前路内固定手术治疗结核性脊柱畸形的临床疗效 ,探讨前路内固定植入在脊柱结核外科治疗中的安全性和价值。　方法　 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年5月 ,采用前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和一期前路内固定手术治疗脊柱结核 18例 ,其中颈椎 1例 ,胸椎10例 ,胸腰段 2例 ,腰椎 5例。平均每例受累椎体 2 8个。脊柱后凸畸形角度 2 7 0°～ 75 5°,平均47 5°± 11 4°。均采用髂骨植骨。　结果　 18例病例均获得随访 ,平均随访时间 2 5个月。所有病例均未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成 ,植骨均完全融合 ,平均融合时间为 3 6个月。后凸畸形矫正度数为 32 7°± 8 3°,后期矫正度丢失 3 2°± 2 8°。　结论　前路内固定手术在脊柱外科治疗中能有效地达到矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性和促进椎体间植骨融合的目的 ,是一种安全和有效的治疗方法。     

前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨前路植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床效果。方法回顾总结2001年1月-2004年2月行前路结核病灶清除,植骨融合加前路Z-Plate钢板固定治疗胸腰椎结核13例,包括切口愈合率、植骨融合率、截瘫恢复情况和后凸畸形矫正状况。随访时间8个月至3年,平均26个月。结果无1例出现切口感染和窦道形成,切口均一期愈合。11例合并截瘫的患者,神经症状均有明显改善。术后8个月至1年所有植骨均显示骨性融合,未见植骨块脱落、吸收及死骨形成。术前后凸Cobb角<30°者,均基本矫正至正常,30°～60°者,矫正至10°～20°,>60°者,矫正至20°～30°,近期随访后凸角与术后相比较丢失2°～4.3°,平均丢失2.4°。结论前路病灶清除植骨融合加内固定治疗胸腰椎结核能使脊柱获得即刻稳定,促进骨融合和截瘫恢复,矫正后凸畸形。     

一期手术内固定治疗胸腰椎脊柱结核

目的总结一期后路病灶清除、椎间植骨及后路手术内固定治疗胸腰段和腰段脊柱结核的临床疗效。探讨一期重建脊柱稳定性的必要性和安全性。方法自1999-2004年6月共收治24例胸腰段脊柱结核患者,采用一期后路病灶清除、椎体间植骨及后路内固定治疗,其中胸腰椎18例,腰椎6例,受累椎体5个椎体1例,3个椎体8例,2个椎体15例。结果经平均26个月随访,所有患者均临床治愈,无伤口感染或窦道形成,植骨完全融合,融合时间平均4.2个月。术前后凸畸形角度43°±10.6°,术后11.5°±8.3°。后凸畸形矫正角度为28.6°±9.3°。后期矫正度丢失为2.2°±3.3°。结论一期后路手术GSS固定治疗胸腰段脊柱结核能有效清除病灶,矫正后凸畸形,早期重建脊柱稳定性及促进椎体间植骨的融合,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

前路病灶清除植骨钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

[目的]探讨前路病灶清除Ⅰ期植骨融合钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的临床效果。[方法]回顾总结2000年2月~2003年5月行前路病灶清除Ⅰ期植骨融合钢板内固定治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形患者7例,包括植骨融合率、畸形矫正情况。[结果]术后6个月~1 a所有患者均显示骨性愈合,后凸畸形平均矫正17°,随访未发现后凸畸形加重。[结论]前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗脊柱结核是可行的、能促进骨融合、矫正后凸畸形。     

一期后路固定前路病灶清除植骨治疗胸腰段椎体结核

目的探讨一期后路内固定联合前路病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰段椎体结核。方法2003年2月至2011年2月手术治疗胸腰段椎体结核23例,应用一期后路内固定联合经前路结核病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰椎体结核,根据术前、术后X线片分析植骨融合及术后畸形矫正效果。结果经14～54个月随访,脊髓功能得到不同程度的恢复,植骨融合满意,无内固定失败和脊柱结核病灶复发。结论一期后路内固定联合经前路结核病灶清除植骨融合治疗胸腰段椎体结核具有脊柱后凸侧弯畸形易于矫正、前路结核病灶减压彻底、内固定远离病灶等优点,是治疗脊柱胸腰段结核的一种有效手术方法。其缺点是手术创伤较大、时间较长、操作相对繁杂。     

前路病灶清除椎体间植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的探讨前路病灶清除自体骨椎间植骨融合前路内固定治疗脊柱椎体结核的临床效果。方法2004年1月至2008年12月,采用前路病灶清除自体骨椎间植骨侧前方内固定治疗胸腰椎结核患者21例,男7例,女14例;年龄8～71岁,平均45岁;胸椎结核5例,胸腰椎结核15例,腰骶椎结核1例。术前后凸Cobb角15°～45°,平均25°。根据术前、术后X线片分析植骨融合程度及脊神经功能改善状况。结果全部获得随访,随访时间12～26个月,平均15个月。1例于术后7个月出现原部位复发,再次手术后失败;2例术后原位复发,再次手术后恢复自主功能;1例合并髋关节结核,关节置换术后未见复发;其余17例植骨融合良好,无复发。除1例失败病例外,其余患者均达到结核治愈标准,术后X线片示植骨全部骨性融合,融合时间3～6个月,平均5个月。结论行前路病灶清除自体骨椎间植骨融合前路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核患者可有效矫正脊柱后凸畸形,重建脊柱稳定性,获得良好的骨性融合。     

前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的观察前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核的效果。方法总结1997年1月至2004年6月采用前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核41例,病变位于颈椎3例、胸椎3例、胸腰椎20例、腰椎14例、腰骶椎1例,术前有后凸成角畸形9~°71,°平均32°。Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定31例,Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、后路内固定6例,Ⅱ期后路内固定4例。结果平均随访1.6 a,优良率为87.8%,植骨融合率为92.7%,平均矫正后凸角度15.3(°P<0.05),随访期间无1例复发。结论前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核有利于恢复脊柱的早期稳定性,融合率高,可预防及矫正脊柱后凸畸形。     

前路一期病变椎体切除并重建治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

目的:观察前路一期病变椎体切除、人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代、椎体钉板或钉棒系统内固定治疗连续两个及以上节段胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的疗效。方法:34例病变累及连续两个及两个以上椎节的胸腰椎结核患者,术前后凸Cobb角27.8°￣65.4°(38.6°±10.3°),一期行前路病变椎体切除,椎间撬拔撑开复位,人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代,辅以椎体钉板或钉棒系统短节段邻近椎节内固定,重建脊柱稳定性,术后均给予短疗程化疗。观察术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复、后凸畸形矫正及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:患者术后局部疼痛缓解,术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的12例患者术后神经功能均有不同程度恢复。影像学检查示脊柱内固定物位置良好,椎体序列恢复良好,椎间高度恢复。后凸Cobb角矫正至2.1°￣14.2°(7.5°±8.3°),平均矫正31.2°±8.5°。随访18￣54个月,平均35个月。末次随访时后凸矫正度丢失4.3°±3.8°,均无结核复发。结论:连续两个及两个以上节段的胸腰椎结核采用前路一期行病变椎体切除有利于病灶彻底清除,减少复发;也有利于椎管彻底减压。前路椎体替代、植骨内固定重建脊柱稳定性可更好地纠正和预防脊柱后凸畸形。     

胸腰段椎体结核前后路内固定手术的比较

目的探索胸腰段椎体结核前后路内固定的适应证。方法对我科14例胸腰段椎体结核前后路内固定手术进行分析。结果前路内固定术，术中出血多时间长，但病灶清除较彻底，矫正脊柱后凸角度大；后路内固定术，术中出血少时间短，但病灶清除欠彻底，矫正脊柱后凸角度小。术后随访6个月～2年，14例胸腰段椎体结核术后均一期愈合，无手术并发症，X线片显示骨性愈合。结论前路内固定适宜于病损1～2个椎体且破坏严重，病灶清除后需要植骨恢复高度，结核处于静止期，寒性脓肿较大，脊髓压迫有截瘫者；后路内固定适宜于病灶主要位于后方，且局限于一侧的椎体破坏，病灶局限不需要植骨，无截瘫，无巨大脓肿，多椎体尤其跳跃性脊柱结核的患者。     

经后路椎间盘镜椎间盘切除术

本院于２０００年３月至２００１年１１月，采用经后路椎间盘镜施行腰椎间盘手术（MED组）６６例，与１９９８年１月至２０００年４月采用传统开放手术（传统组）５８例进行了比较观察，MED组恢复良好。报告如下。１资料与方法１．１一般资料：MED组中男４４例，女２２例，年龄３０～６５岁，平均４８岁；病程１个月～６年，平均２年５个月；其中多间隙突出８例，巨大中央型突出５例，突出髓核伴钙化１１例，明显小关节内聚伴侧隐窝狭窄１０例，腰椎间盘侧后方突出或或脱出２９例，伴黄韧带肥厚３例，其中６例合并以上两种病变。传统组…     

Cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery

A case of cervical vertebral erosion due to tortuous vertebral artery is presented. This entity is rare and only 11 cases have been reported in the literature. The present case is the first to be demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. The importance of considering this vascular anomaly in the differential diagnosis of cervical spinal tumors is discussed.     

Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture

Because no gold standard for the definition of vertebral fracture exists, there has been controversy about whether mild vertebral deformities are truly fractures or simply normal variation in vertebral size and shape. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of mild variations of vertebral height ratios to definite vertebral fractures. In 479 Japanese women (age 53.9±9.1 years) who visited our institute for a medical checkup, we performed lateral lumbar radiographs and morphometric parameters were derived by measuring the anterior (Ha), middle (Hm) and posterior (Hp) height of each vertebral body from T12 to L4. Vertebral height ratios, Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp or Hp/Hp of adjacent vertebrae that were more than 3 SD different from vertebra-specific means of normative data were considered to indicate fractures. Forty-five women were diagnosed with at least one fracture. After excluding the subjects with vertebral fracture, we examined the associations of the variations in vertebral height ratios with age, anthropometric parameters and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Vertebral height ratios, especially Hm/Hp in postmenopausal women, tended to decrease with age and were positively associated with BMD. No significant correlation was observed between anthropometric parameters and vertebral height ratios. Age-related decrease in vertebral height ratios (Ha/Hp and Hm/Hp, each averaged from T12 to L4) was significant even after the correction for BMD. Mean values of height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae adjusted for age and BMD were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture than in those without vertebral fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that BMD and height ratios of non-fractured vertebrae were independent predictors of vertebral fracture risk. The results suggest that older women, and women with at least one obvious (3 SD) fracture, tend to have mild deformities which do not qualify using the 3 SD definition. These mild deformities may represent real consequences of osteoporosis, because they are more pronounced among women with obvious fracture.     

Predicting human vertebral bone strength by vertebral static histomorphometry

The study investigates the relationship between static histomorphometry and bone strength of human lumbar vertebral bone. The ability of vertebral histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was compared with that of vertebral densitometry, and also with histomorphometry and bone strength of iliac crest bone biopsies. The material comprised matched sets of second lumbar vertebrae, third lumbar vertebrae, and two iliac crest bone biopsies from each of 21 women (19--96 years) and 24 men (23--95 years). One of the iliac crest biopsies and 9-mm-thick mediolateral slices of half of each of the entire vertebral bodies (L-2) were used for histomorphometry. The other iliac crest biopsies and the L-3 were destructively tested by compression. High correlation was found between BV/TV or Tb.Sp and vertebral bone strength (absolute value of r = 0.86 in both cases). Addition of Tb.Th significantly improved the correlation between BV/TV and bone strength, and the addition of bone space star volume significantly improved the correlation between Tb.Sp and bone strength (from absolute value of r = 0.86 to absolute value of r = 0.89 in both cases). Bone structure (connectivity density) was not capable of improving the prediction of bone strength of the vertebral body. The correlations between BV/TV of L-2 and bone strength of L-3 were comparable with the correlation obtained by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral QCT (pQCT), and dual-energy X-ray absorptrometry (DEXA) of L-3 and bone strength of L-3. The iliac crest was found to have low predictive power of vertebral bone strength (iliac BV/TV: r = 0.62; iliac bone strength: r = 0.67). No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. It was shown that trabecular bone volume BV/TV and mean trabecular plate separation Tb.Sp are good predictors of vertebral bone strength. The ability of histomorphometry to predict vertebral bone strength was comparable to that of densitometry. Bone structure assessed by connectivity density did not improve the correlation between static histomorphometric measures and vertebral bone strength. No gender-related differences were found in any of the relationships. Neither static histomorphometry nor biomechanical testing of iliac crest bone biopsies is a good predictor of vertebral bone strength.     

Diagnosis of vertebral fractures by vertebral fracture assessment.

Vertebral fractures are independent risk factors for both vertebral and peripheral fractures and only one-third of these fractures come to clinical attention. Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) is a radiographic method using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess vertebral deformities during bone density measurement. We performed VFA of the spine from T4 to L5 on a Delphi W device (Hologic, Bedford, MA) in 136 postmenopausal patients (69+/-10 yr). These patients also had X-rays of the thoracic and lumbar spine. VFA was independently compared with X-rays by two rheumatologists, for the diagnosis of vertebral fractures at both the patient and vertebral levels. Using X-rays, 61 patients (45%) had at least one vertebral fracture. The percentage of unreadable vertebrae was 1% and 12.4% on X-rays and VFA, respectively (p<0.0001). At the patient level, VFA allowed to diagnose if the patient had no fracture or had at least one fracture in 74% of patients. In 11.2% of cases, VFA misclassified the patients. At the vertebral level, diagnostic efficacy of VFA as compared with X-rays was 97%. Concordance between both observers was good (kappa-score=0.69). We designed an algorithm for decision of performing X-rays in postmenopausal women: Using results of VFA would avoid X-rays in 32% of our patients. VFA is a reliable technique with low radiation, and is easily and rapidly applicable during bone density measurement by DXA, which could improve management of osteoporotic patients.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体强化术后椎体高度再丢失的研究进展

正经皮椎体强化术包括经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP),两者通过微创手术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF),可有效缓解疼痛、恢复压缩椎体高度和脊柱稳定性。但近年来观察到PVP和PKP术后恢复的椎体高度存在再丢失现象(没有创伤的情况下),术后椎体高度的再丢     

椎动脉三维CT血管成像对椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨椎动脉三维CT血管成像(CTA)在椎动脉型颈椎病(CSA)诊断中的应用价值。方法:2007年7月～2008年4月临床上诊断为CSA的患者共21例(CSA组),对其CTA上显示的椎动脉、横突孔及钩椎关节增生情况进行观测,并与21例非CSA患者(对照组)的CTA观测结果进行比较分析。结果:CSA组中椎动脉正常者4例,管腔变细者7例,走行异常者1例,椎动脉硬化者2例,管腔局限性狭窄者4例,血管走行迂曲者3例,无血管闭塞的患者。对照组中14例椎动脉表现正常,管腔变细者4例,走行迂曲者3例。两组中血管正常、局限性狭窄出现比率间均有显著性差异(P0.05,χ2分别为9.72、1.21)。CSA组中11例(52.4%)患者共有36个钩椎关节增生,以C4～C7增生(28个,77.8%)最为常见,32个(88.9%)为轻度增生,3个(8.3%)为中度增生,1个(2.8%)为重度增生。对照组中,6例(28.6%)患者共有19个钩椎关节增生,只有1个(5.3%)表现为中度增生,其余均为轻度增生。结论:CTA可以较好地显示椎动脉异常、局限性狭窄及钩椎关节的增生情况,在CSA中具有一定的诊断价值。     

Effectiveness of instant vertebral assessment to detect prevalent vertebral fracture

Introduction Vertebral fracture is currently underdiagnosed, despite its common severity and its value to predict further osteoporotic fracture. Morphometry using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)] is a new technique that may facilitate detection of many vertebral fractures, as images are obtained at the same time as bone mineral density (BMD) measurement, and would also allow avoiding spine radiographs.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the diagnostic value of Instant Vertebral Assessment (IVA), which is a morphometry scan using the Hologic Delphi densitometer, to detect prevalent vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. Interobserver precision was assessed, then IVA scans were compared with lateral spine radiographs, considered the gold standard, to test diagnostic agreement between the two techniques. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated, as well as the likelihood ratio of the positive test, using sensitivity and specificity at each vertebral level.Results Among 85 patients of whom 50% had at least one vertebral fracture identified with radiographs, we found that interobserver precision was moderate, with frequent difficulties in discerning upper thoracic vertebrae. On a per-vertebra basis, sensitivity was around 70% from L4 to T11 and lower above T11 whereas specificity was above 90% for all vertebrae, and the negative predictive value remained above 80% from L4 to T7 and decreased above T7. On a per-patient basis, sensitivity was 0.69, specificity 0.74, positive predictive value equalled 0.72 and negative predictive value 0.71. When only grades 2 and 3 fractures were considered, results were comparable, with slightly improved specificity. Then, with the likelihood ratios calculated in our sample, we obtained posttest probabilities using the prevalence of vertebral fracture at lumbar and thoracic levels in a large sample of postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis with and without vertebral fracture [baseline data in women of the Multiple Outcomes on Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) trial]. At levels where fractures were most common, likelihood ratios of the positive test were good or excellent, associated with sizeable posttest probabilities.Conclusion IVA allowed diagnosis of vertebral fracture at levels where vertebral fracture were most common, i.e., the lumbar and mid and lower thoracic levels, but its value was weaker at the upper thoracic levels.     

Multiple vertebral osteonecrosis

Vertebral osteonecrosis classically presents with an intravertebral vacuum cleft phenomenon or a fluid-filled cleft on MR images. These clefts are usually found in older patients presenting with more severe fractures, more significant collapse and instability. Therefore, although considered for a long time as pathognomonic for vertebral osteonecrosis, vertebral clefts are now considered to represent fracture non-union. The double-line sign is classically described for osteonecrosis of long bones, but has been reported in one case of concurrent spinal cord and vertebral bone marrow radionecrosis. We present a case of a histologically confirmed multilevel vertebral osteonecrosis manifesting as a double-line sign in the absence of an associated vertebral collapse and unrelated to radiotherapy.