MACC1在卵巢癌组织中表达及对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响

目的探讨结肠癌转移相关基因(MACC)1在卵巢癌组织中的表达及对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。方法收集卵巢癌组织及对应的癌旁组织,Western印迹检测组织中MACC1表达水平。以卵巢癌细胞A2780为研究对象,细胞转染MACC1小干扰RNA(MACC1 siRNA)、siRNA对照(siRNA control),细胞分为未转染组(只加入转染试剂)、siRNA control组(转染siRNA control)、MACC1 siRNA组(转染MACC1 siRNA)。培养24 h后,Western印迹检测细胞中MACC1、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9表达水平,噻唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞增殖,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭能力。结果卵巢癌组织中MACC1表达水平高于癌旁组织。siRNA control组细胞中MACC1、MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平及细胞存活率、迁移率、侵袭细胞数目与未转染组相比均没有差异,MACC1 siRNA组细胞中MACC1、MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平及细胞存活率、迁移率、侵袭细胞数目均明显低于未转染组。结论 MACC1在卵巢癌组织中过度表达。干扰MACC1能够抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力,作用机制可能与抑制MMP-2、MMP-9表达有关。     

沉默GRP78基因对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞侵袭力的抑制作用

目的 探讨RNA干涉技术(RNAi)沉默葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)基因对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞侵袭力的影响,阐明GRP78基因沉默对SKOV3细胞侵袭力抑制作用的生物学机制.方法 设计并构建pSilencerTM3.0-H1-GRP78 siRNA重组质粒,脂质体介导转染至SKOV3细胞.RT-PCR和Western印迹法检测GRP78基因表达;RT-PCR检测MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA表达;Transwell小室侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭力;Transwell小室迁移实验检测细胞迁移率.结果 RT-PCR及Western印迹检测转染GRP78 siRNA重组质粒SKOV3细胞GRP78基因表达抑制;RT-PCR结果显示与对照组相比转染GRP78 siRNA重组质粒SKOV3细胞MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA表达降低;Transwell小室侵袭实验和迁移实验结果显示转染GRP78 siRNA重组质粒SKOV3细胞穿透细胞数(P＜0.05)和迁移率均明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 ①转染GRP78 siRNA重组质粒有效抑制SKOV3细胞GRP78基因表达;②抑制GRP78基因表达能降低SKOV3细胞的侵袭力和迁移力,有望为抑制卵巢癌转移基因治疗提供新的靶点.     

慢病毒介导SOX4表达下调对乳腺癌细胞生长及迁移能力的影响

目的研究慢病毒介导的性别决定区Y框蛋白(SOX)4表达下调对乳腺癌细胞生长及迁移能力影响。方法以乳腺癌MCF-7细胞为研究对象,用含有SOX4 siRNA的重组慢病毒和阴性对照慢病毒感染MCF-7细胞,qRT-PCR和Western印迹方法检测细胞中SOX4表达变化。噻唑蓝(MTT)方法测定增殖变化,碘化丙啶(PI)单染法测定细胞周期分布变化,Transwell小室检测侵袭和迁移能力变化,Western印迹检测细胞中细胞周期蛋白(Cyclin)D1、波形蛋白(Vimentin)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、上皮性钙黏附素(E-cadherin)、MMP-2、p21蛋白表达水平。结果 SOX4 siRNA重组慢病毒感染可以抑制乳腺癌细胞中SOX4基因的表达和转录。敲减SOX4后的乳腺癌细胞的增殖能力显著降低,细胞G0/G1期比例显著升高,细胞侵袭和迁移能力显著下降,细胞中CyclinD1蛋白表达水平显著降低,p21蛋白表达水平显著升高,MMP-2、MMP-9、Vimentin蛋白表达水平显著下降,E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著升高(均P0.05)。阴性对照慢病毒感染对MCF-7细胞中SOX4表达水平没有影响(均P0.05),并且对细胞增殖、周期分布、侵袭、迁移水平和细胞中CyclinD1、p21、MMP-2、MMP-9、Vimentin、E-cadherin蛋白表达水平均没有影响。结论敲减SOX4可以抑制乳腺癌细胞生长、侵袭和迁移,并将乳腺癌细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1期。     

二氢青蒿素体外抑制胃癌细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭

目的 探讨二氢青蒿素(DHA)对人胃癌SGC7901细胞体外黏附、迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能机制.方法 1.25、2.5、5、10、20 μmoL/LDHA作用体外培养的人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h后,MTT法检测细胞活力;1.25、2.5、5 μmol/L DHA作用人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h后,细胞黏附分析检测细胞黏附率;细胞划痕实验观察其对细胞迁移能力的影响;Transwell小室侵袭实验观察其对细胞侵袭能力的影响;RT-PCR和Western印迹分别检测ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平.结果 与对照组相比,1.25、2.5、5μmoL/L DHA对SGC7901细胞增殖没有影响,但显著抑制SGC7901细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,且抑制作用具有剂量依赖性.RT-PCR和Western印迹结果显示,与对照组相比,5 μmol/L DHA作用人胃癌SGC7901细胞24 h,细胞内ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P＜0.05),TIMP-2 mRNA和蛋白表达显著增加(P＜0.05).结论 DHA可体外抑制胃癌SGC7901细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,其机制可能与上调TIMP-2的表达,下调ICAM-1、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达有关.     

沉默MMP-13对皮肤基底细胞癌细胞侵袭、迁移及Wnt信号通路的影响

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-13表达量降低对皮肤基底细胞癌(BCC)细胞侵袭、迁移能力及对Wnt信号通路的影响。方法以人BCC A431细胞为研究对象,转染MMP-13 siRNA载体,实验分3组,对照组:未做任何处理的细胞;MMP-13组:细胞转染空载体pL ightS with-MMP13-NC;MMP13-siRNA组:细胞转染重组质粒pL ightS with-MMP13-siRNA。Transwell实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力,Western印迹检测细胞中MMP-13、β-链蛋白(catenin)、细胞周期蛋白(Cyclin)D1、上皮细胞钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达量。结果 MMP-13 siRNA组MMP-13蛋白表达量、细胞迁移、侵袭β-catenin、CyclinD1蛋白表达量均显著低于对照组及MMP-13组,E-cadherin蛋白含量显著高于对照组和MMP-13组(均P0.05)。结论沉默MMP-13的表达量可以降低BCC A431细胞的侵袭、迁移能力,其作用机制可能是通过抑制经典Wnt信号通路发挥作用的。     

FOXC2对结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响及机制

目的探讨叉头框(FOX) C2对结肠癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移的影响及机制。方法结肠癌细胞SW620转染shRNA对照、FOXC2 shRNA,命名为shRNA-NC组和FOXC2 shRNA组,同时以不做转染的细胞为对照组,Real time-PCR和Western印迹检测FOXC2水平,噻唑蓝(MTT)检测细胞增殖活性,平板克隆实验检测细胞克隆形成能力,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力,Western印迹检测FOXC2、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9和钙黏蛋白E(E-cadherin)水平。结果shRNA-NC组细胞FOXC2 mRNA及蛋白表达、增殖活性、克隆形成能力、迁移和侵袭能力及MMP-2、MMP-9和E-cadherin蛋白水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。FOXC2 shRNA组与对照组比较细胞中FOXC2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平、细胞增殖活性、克隆形成能力、细胞侵袭和迁移能力及MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平均显著下降,E-cadherin水平显著升高(均P<0. 05)。结论下调FOXC2抑制结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,作用机制可能与调控MMP-2、MMP-9和E-cadherin水平有关。     

IGF-1经AKT通路对人肺癌A549细胞增殖、侵袭与转移的影响

目的探究胰岛素生长因子(IGF)-1能否经蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路调节人肺癌A549细胞的增殖、侵袭与转移。方法体外培养人肺癌A549细胞融合至70%～80%,经无血清饥饿过夜,分为对照组、LY294002组、IGF-1组和IGF-1+LY294002组,继续饥饿培养48 h。噻唑蓝(MTT)法、细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测A549细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力;Western印迹法检测磷酸化(p)-AKT、AKT、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9、小鼠双微体扩增基因(MDM)2和上皮型钙黏附蛋白(E-cadherin)蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,IGF-1组可明显促进细胞增殖,加速细胞迁移与侵袭,并伴有p-AKT、MMP-2、MDM2蛋白表达增加及E-cadherin蛋白表达降低(P0.05);AKT通路特异性抑制剂LY294002可显著抑制上述作用。结论 IGF-1可能经AKT信号通路上调MMP-9、MDM2蛋白表达并抑制E-cadherin蛋白表达,进而促进人肺癌A549细胞的增殖、侵袭与转移。     

抑制TUBB3基因表达对胃癌细胞增殖 、凋亡 、侵袭和迁移的影响及机制研究

目的探讨抑制3型β微管蛋白(TUBB3)基因的表达对人胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响及机制。方法将TUBB3 siRNA和阴性对照分别转染人胃癌SGC-7901细胞,记为TUBB3 siRNA组和阴性对照组(NC组),将未行转染的细胞记为Control组,转染48 h后,通过qRT-PCR和Western blot检测各组细胞中TUBB3 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,CCK-8实验检测细胞增殖能力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Transwell实验检测SGC-7901细胞侵袭和迁移能力,Western blot检测细胞中PNCA、Cleaved Caspase-3、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白的表达水平。结果与NC组相比,TUBB3 siRNA组细胞中TUBB3 mRNA和蛋白表达明显下降,细胞增殖能力、侵袭和迁移能力均明显降低,细胞凋亡率明显升高,PNCA和MMP-2蛋白表达明显下降,Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。Control组与NC组细胞的上述各指标的差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论抑制TUBB3基因表达能够显著抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,诱导细胞凋亡,其作用机制与调控细胞中PNCA、Cleaved Caspase-3、MMP-2蛋白表达水平有关。     

AnnexinA2-siRNA对甲状腺乳头状癌细胞增殖、侵袭和转移的作用及机制

目的观察siRNA靶向干扰膜联蛋白(Annexin)A2对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)K1细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响,并探讨其可能的相关机制。方法首先利用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测PTC、甲状腺良性肿瘤和正常组织中AnnexinA2 mRNA的表达;采用Western印迹检测细胞中AnnexinA2蛋白的表达水平。实验分为:空白对照组、siRNA-NC组和siRNA-AnnexinA2组;利用脂质体lipofectamine^TM 2000瞬时转染的方法沉默PTCK1细胞中AnnexinA2的表达,采用qRT-PCR和Western印迹验证K1细胞转染的干扰效果;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法、Transwell小室法分别检测K1细胞的增殖能力、迁移和侵袭能力的变化,进一步采用qRT-PCR和Western印迹分别检测细胞中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白β-catenin和下游因子c-myc、细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)D1、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9蛋白和mRNA的表达变化。结果小干扰RNA转染成功沉默了K1细胞中AnnexinA2基因的表达;转染成功后,与空白对照组和siRNA-NC组相比,siRNA-AnnexinA2组细胞的增殖活性明显受到抑制(P<0.05);siRNA-AnnexinA2组中细胞的迁移和侵袭能力显著受到抑制(均P<0.05);沉默AnnexinA2基因后明显抑制了β-catenin、c-myc、cyclinD1、MMP-2、MMP-9的表达水平(均P<0.05)。结论AnnexinA2基因的沉默抑制K1细胞的侵袭、转移能力,其机制可能通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的活性来实现的,从而为PTC分子生物治疗提供新的靶标。     

下调miR-421靶向Sirt3调控HepG2肝癌细胞生长和侵袭的机制研究

目的探讨下调miR-421靶向Sirt3调控肝癌细胞生长和侵袭的机制。方法 RT-PCR方法测定肝癌细胞和正常肝细胞中miR-421表达变化。在肝癌细胞中转染miR-421 inhibitor,MTT测定细胞增殖变化,Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力变化,Western blotting检测细胞中MMP-9和MMP-2蛋白表达变化。在线靶基因预测软件发现Sirt3可能是miR-421的靶基因,荧光素酶报告系统鉴定靶向关系。在肝癌细胞中共转染miR-421 inhibitor、Sirt3 siRNA,利用上述方法测定细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移能力和MMP-9、MMP-2蛋白表达水平。结果 miR-421在肝癌细胞中的表达水平高于正常肝细胞。miR-421 inhibitor转染后的肝癌细胞增殖能力下降,细胞侵袭和迁移能力降低,细胞中MMP-9和MMP-2蛋白表达减少。Sirt3受到miR-421的靶向负调控作用。Sirt3 siRNA能够逆转miR-421 inhibitor对肝癌细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移和MMP-9、MMP-2表达的抑制作用。结论下调miR-421靶向Sirt3抑制HepG2肝癌细胞生长和侵袭。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.