骨显像联合碱性磷酸酶诊断159例前列腺癌骨转移

[目的]探讨骨型碱性磷酸酶(B-AKP)对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值及与骨显像的关系,弥补骨显像诊断骨转移的不足.[方法]对159例前列腺癌进行骨显像,并测定B-AKP.根据骨显像将病人分成骨转移组与无骨转移组,B-AKP在两组间的比较采用t检验.按病灶多少将骨显像分0～3级,各级间B-AKP比较采用t检验.B-AKP值与骨病灶数目间进行相关分析.[结果]①159例病人中,骨显像诊断骨转移114例,10例假阳性,漏诊3例,诊断灵敏度97.2%(104/107),假阳性率19.2%(10/52).②B-AKP诊断骨转移的灵敏度为83.2%,特异性50.0%.③B-AKP在骨转移组为(26.3±15.6)μg/L,无骨转移组为(16.9±8.7)μg/L,两组差异有显著性(t=4.045,P＜0.001).单发热区者7例,B-AKP值为(19.7±4.1)μg/L,4例单发冷区病人为(13.2±3.2)μg/L,两者差异有显著性(t=2.711,P＜0.05).④B-AKP值与骨转移病灶数目间呈正相关(相关系数r=-0.751,P＜0.01).[结论]B-AKP与骨显像有很好的一致性.诊断前列腺癌骨转移,应首选骨显像.     

Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy in regionally advanced malignant melanoma

The therapeutic effectiveness of intraarterial cisplatin (CDDP) and dacarbazine (DTIC) infusion was examined in 30 evaluable patients with regionally advanced melanoma that was refractory to standard treatments. Objective responses were achieved in 11 patients (37%), including three complete (10%) and eight partial (27%) tumor regressions. Successful debulking surgery was performed in seven of the eleven patients with response. Six remained free of regional disease after a median time of 25 months, and four are also free of distant metastases at 24+, 25+, 41+, and 54+ months. Nineteen of thirty patients with no significant tumor response underwent alternative treatments. Debulking surgery was performed in nine, but with little palliative gain, since seven relapsed at a median time of 5 months. Our results suggest that a combined therapeutic approach--preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery in responding tumors--represents an effective treatment for patients with regionally advanced melanoma.     

A comparison of diagnostic imaging modalities for colorectal liver metastases

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare the diagnostic performance of CT scan, MR liver, PET-CT and intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS) for the detection of liver metastases against the histopathological findings, and to compare PET-CT with CT for the detection of distant disease in metastatic colorectal cancer patients eligible for surgical treatment.

Methods

A prospective study was performed that measured concordance between the number and stage of metastatic lesions identified with various preoperative imaging modalities and histology of patients undergoing surgical treatment for CRLM.

Results

Compared with histopathology, concordance for the number of metastatic liver lesions was moderate for CT scan (K = 0.477, 95% CI: 0.28–0.66), moderate for MR scan (K = 0.574, 95% CI: 0.39–0.75), good for FDG PET-CT (K = 0.703, 95% CI: 0.52–0.87) and very good for IOUS (K = 0.904, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99). Additional CRLM were identified intraoperatively in six patients (9.1%) with IOUS and in 7.5% of the cases surgical strategy was changed according to the new intraoperative findings. The diagnosis of intra abdominal lymph node metastatic disease was made with PET-CT only in nine patients (13.6%)

Discussion

Our study supports the recent recommendations of the Oncosurg Multidisciplinary International Consensus regarding the importance of high quality CT and MR in the staging of CRLM but provides further evidence for the added value of PET-CT, especially in detecting extrahepatic intra-abdominal metastatic disease that may be amenable to potentially curative resection. Despite these advances in preoperative staging, there still remains a role for IOUS in detecting additional metastases at the time of surgery.     

Bone and total alkaline phosphatase for screening skeletal metastasis in patients with solid tumours

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) has several isoforms including bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP). We evaluated BAP and AP for screening for bone metastasis (BM) in patients with solid tumours. This is a prospective non-blinded study conducted at ABC Foundation School of Medicine Oncology clinics. A total of 40 subjects without a history of cancer and 62 patients with various solid tumours referred for a bone scan had serum drawn for BAP and AP determination. Bone alkaline phosphatase and AP levels in patients with cancer and BM, without BM and with no cancer, were 70.32 ± 3.65 and 310.21 ± 16.87 U/L; 41.40 ± 2.80 and 113.23 ± 12.95 U/L; 21.19 ± 2.76 and 148.05 ± 12.79 U/L respectively ( P  < 0.0001 for both AP and BAP). For BAP and AP sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.86 and 0.52; 0.69 and 1; 0.45 and 1; 0.94 and 0.87 respectively. ROC AUC value for BAP was 0.89 and for AP was 0.93. We conclude that BAP is more sensitive than AP, whereas AP had a remarkable specificity of 100%. In screening for BM in patients with solid tumours, obtaining initially BAP and then selecting for further investigation only patients with an abnormal AP may be a cost and resource saving strategy.     

肺癌核素肿瘤显像假阴性时结合骨显像的临床意义

目的:探讨肺癌患者核素99Tcm-MIBI肿瘤显像出现假阴性和可疑阳性结果时联合应用99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像的价值及临床意义。方法:肺癌患者42例,均同时行99Tcm-MIBI肺肿瘤显像与99Tcm-MDP全身骨显像,将两种显像结果进行对照,分析两种方法联合应用对肺癌的诊断价值。结果:42例肺癌患者中,99Tcm-MIBI肺肿瘤显像阳性18例,阴性10例,可疑阳性14例,阳性率76.2%。骨显像示,肺癌骨转移者24例,骨转移发生率57.14%。两种方法联合应用诊断肺癌的阳性率为90.48%。结论:肺肿瘤显像与全身骨显像联合应用可提高肺癌诊断的阳性率,并有助于肺癌的临床分期与治疗方案的制订,值得临床推广。     

肺癌核素肿瘤显像假阴性时结合骨显像的临床意义

目的：探讨肺癌患者核素^99Tc^mMIBI肿瘤显像出现假阴性和可疑阳性结果时联合应用^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像的价值及临床意义。方法：肺癌患者42例，均同时行^99Tc^m-MIBI肺肿瘤显像与^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像，将两种显像结果进行对照，分析两种方法联合应用对肺癌的诊断价值。结果：42例肺癌患者中，^99Tc^m-MIBI肺肿瘤显像阳性18例，阴性10例，可疑阳性14例，阳性率76．2％。骨显像示，肺癌骨转移者24例，骨转移发生率57．14％。两种方法联合应用诊断肺癌的阳性率为90．48％。结论：肺肿瘤显像与全身骨显像联合应用可提高肺癌诊断的阳性率，并有助于肺癌的临床分期与治疗方案的制订，值得临床推广。     

肺癌骨转移核素显像分析

目的探讨肺癌骨转移患者骨显像的特点及规律。方法136例肺癌患者做全身骨核素显像。结果136例肺癌患者中有87例骨显像异常,结合临床及X线诊断为骨转移,骨转移的发生率为63.97%。其中左肺癌的阳性率为58.33%,右肺癌的阳性率为73.47%。肺腺癌的阳性率72.41%,肺鳞癌的阳性率为43.48%,腺癌较鳞癌容易发生骨转移(P<0.05)。87例骨转移患者中81例为多发病灶(占93.1%),6例为单发病灶(占6.9%),每例患者的平均病灶数为6.39个。骨转移的部位以胸部为多见,其余依次为脊柱、骨盆、肢体和颅骨。伴有区域淋巴结及远处其它器官转移的患者出现骨显像异常的可能显著增多(P<0.05),骨转移是否发生与肿瘤原发病灶范围之间的关系未能得到统计学证实。结论肺癌骨转移发生率很高,骨转移的发生有一定的规律及特点,核素全身骨显像对于临床诊断分期及治疗决策有一定的意义。     

活体成像下评价脾脏注射法大肠癌肝转移动物模型

目的:建立可用于活体成像的小鼠大肠癌肝转移移植瘤模型。方法:利用慢病毒将荧光素酶表达载体转染至人肠癌LoVo细胞株,经嘌呤嘧啶筛选获得稳定表达荧光素酶的细胞克隆。进行裸鼠脾脏注射,采用脾脏注射切脾法和保脾法两种方法制造结肠癌肝转移模型,比较小鼠肝转移情况,并对肝脏组织进行HE染色,分析肿瘤细胞的生长分布特点。结果:建立了肠癌细胞株的荧光素酶基因稳定表达的亚克隆,两组经脾注射方法肝转移率均为65%以上,具有可操作性,切脾组具备更多的肝脏转移数及更高的肝脏成瘤率。结论:成功构建了可用于活体成像的小鼠肠癌肝转移移植瘤模型,确定了脾脏注射切脾法制造小鼠结肠癌肝转移模型是较好的造模方法。     

胰腺癌骨转移

目的探讨胰腺癌骨转移的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析1999年至2003年间胰腺癌骨转移病例2例。结果经X线、B超、CT、ECT,淋巴细胞rDNA分析,肿瘤细胞学检查、肿瘤标记物检测等方法确诊。1例女性胰腺低分化腺癌,术后2年胸椎及右骶髂骨转移,接受放疗后半年后死亡;1例男性胰腺癌伴胸腰椎骨转移,在行梗阻性黄疸内引流术后1个月因肺部感染,呼吸衰竭死亡,尚未能接受对骨转移灶的治疗。结论影像学检查是发现骨转移瘤的主要方法。胰腺癌骨转移,预后差,除对原发肿瘤治疗外,应积极治疗骨转移灶以延长此类晚期患者的生存期及提高生活质量。     

Higher prostate-specific antigen levels predict improved survival in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer who have skeletal metastases and normal serum alkaline phosphatase

BACKGROUND: Higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALK-P) levels predicted worse survival in men with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). In the current study, the authors evaluated the combined effects of PSA and ALK-P on survival. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-four men who had HRPC with bone metastases and who were receiving chemotherapy were identified, and 143 of those men had data available on both ALK-P and PSA levels at chemotherapy initiation. The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS) after chemotherapy. The men were dichotomized into normal and abnormal ALK-P groups according to levels based on institutional normal ranges. The effect of PSA was evaluated as both a categorical value and a continuous value using Cox regression. RESULTS: Eighty-nine of 143 patients (62%) had elevated ALK-P levels. The median PSA was 147 ng/mL (93 ng/mL in patients with normal ALK-P, 171 ng/mL in patients with elevated ALK-P). At a median follow-up of 30 months after chemotherapy initiation, 93 patients had died. The median OS after chemotherapy was 15.8 months (95% confidence interval, 12.8-18.4 months) and was significantly longer if ALK-P was in the normal range (21.3 months vs 14 months; P = .005). For the group with normal ALK-P levels, the median OS was 12.5 months, 24.5 months, and 36.9 months for patients with low, medium, and high PSA levels, respectively. In contrast, the effect of PSA on survival was not as evident in the group with elevated ALK-P levels (16.5 months vs 11.9 months vs 12.1 months, respectively; P = .14 for interaction). Age-adjusted multivariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant interactions of PSA and ALK-P with OS (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: ALK-P significantly predicted OS in men with HRPC who had bone metastases. In patients with normal ALK-P levels, higher PSA levels were associated with improved survival.     

SPECT核素骨显像联合MRI增强成像鉴别诊断骨转移瘤100例临床观察

目的评估SPECT核素骨显像（以下简称ECT）联合磁共振（MRI）增强成像检查鉴别及确诊骨转移瘤的价值,并探讨两者检查的优劣势,以便优势互补,提高诊断率。方法选择100例先行骨显像后行MRI增强检查的患者,分别阅读各自发现的病灶,再两者对比阅读发现的病灶,甚至随访直到确诊。验证两者结合检查对提高诊断率的可行性。结果ECT核素骨显像的准确性93％,MRI的准确性为99％,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论联合应用ECT及MRI增强成像检查,可以提高骨转移瘤的早期诊断率及鉴别诊断。     

Frequency and patterns of metastatic disease in locally advanced inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer

Aims

To determine the frequency and pattern of metastatic disease as detected by staging computed tomography in patients presenting with locally advanced primary breast cancer, comparing non-inflammatory and inflammatory subtypes.

Materials and methods

Patients who underwent staging computed tomography for locally advanced breast cancer were identified from the hospital’s computerised radiology system. The computed tomography scans, breast imaging and pathology were reviewed.

Results

Over a 29 month period, 97 patients underwent staging computed tomography for locally advanced primary breast cancer. Sixteen patients (16%) were found to have metastatic disease at presentation. Thirty-eight patients (39%) presented with the inflammatory subtype and 59 patients (61%) with the non-inflammatory subtype. Metastases were significantly more likely in patients with the inflammatory subtype, with 10 patients (26%) having metastases at presentation compared with six patients (10%) with the non-inflammatory subtype (P = 0.034). Metastases to the lung and the pleura were the most commonly encountered sites, with pleural-based metastases more likely in patients with the inflammatory subtype (P = 0.05).

Conclusion

Routine computed tomography staging of patients with locally advanced breast cancer is worthwhile with the inflammatory subtype of locally advanced disease having the higher risk of metastatic disease at presentation. Pleural-based metastatic disease is more likely in patients with the inflammatory subtype.     

Markers of Bone Metastases in Breast and Lung Cancers

Aim and Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate correlations between serum osteocalcin,osteoprotegerin and NTX (Cross-linked N-telopeptides of Type I Collagen) and urinary NTX in breast andlung cancer patients with bone metastases. These four markers are considered to have important roles in boneformation, resorption and metastases. Methods: Four markers were determined in the sera of 60 breast cancerand 21 lung cancer patients and healthy controls (n=30). Serum levels were studied using ELISA and EIA.Results: The median levels of serum osteoprotegerin (p<0.001) and osteocalcin (p=0.003) were higher in patients.Significant correlations were observed between the serum NTX-osteocalcin (r=0.431; p<0.001), serum NTXosteoprotegerin(r=0.42; p=0.003) and serum NTX - urine NTX (r=0.255; p=0.022). Conclusion: We concludethat osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and NTX are independent diagnostic tools. Due to the ease of urine collection,urine NTX may be applied routinely to allow early detection of bone metastases and indicate progression of thedisease.     

Impact of baseline gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging in resectable colorectal liver metastases: A prospective,monocentric study

BackgroundLiver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing hepatocyte-specific contrast agent and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is currently used to properly stage colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in patients candidate to liver surgery. However, the added value of liver MRI in choosing the treatment strategy in resectable CRLM over computed tomography (CT)-scan is not clear.Patients and methodsThis is a prospective monocentric collection of consecutive cases of patients with CRLM conceived with the aim to assess the added value of liver MRI in changing the initial treatment strategy planned according to CT-scan. Potential changes in the initially planned strategy were defined as: - from upfront surgery to perioperative chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin) - from upfront surgery to first-line systemic therapy (doublet or triplet plus a biological agent) - from perioperative chemotherapy to first-line systemic therapy.Hypothesising that MRI may induce a change in the choice of the treatment strategy in the 20% of cases (alternative hypothesis), against a null hypothesis of 5%, with one-tailed alpha and beta errors of 0.05 and 0.20 respectively, 27 patients were needed. The added value of liver MRI would have been considered clinically meaningful if at least 4 changes in the treatment strategy were observed.ResultsAmong 27 enrolled patients, upfront surgery and perioperative chemotherapy strategies were chosen in 17 (63%) and 10 (37%) cases, respectively, based on CT-scan. After liver MRI, additional liver lesions were found in 8 patients (30%) and the initial strategy was changed in 7 patients (26%) (4 initially deemed candidate to upfront surgery and 3 initially sent to perioperative chemotherapy) that were treated with first-line systemic therapy.ConclusionsOur results support the indication of the current guidelines on the routine use of liver MRI in the initial workup of patients with resectable CRLM with an MRI-driven changes of initial treatment plan in a relevant percentage of cases.     

Alkaline Phosphatase: A marker in prostatic cancer?

From reports in the literature the author concludes that alkaline phosphate is an unspecific marker in prostate cancer correlated to degree of bone involvement, response to treatment and Survival.     

Ten-year survival in advanced malignant melanoma following treatment with interferon and vindesine

A 31-year-old man with malignant melanoma of his right popliteal fossa wastreated in 1987 with surgical excision followed by local radiotherapy. Eightmonths later, he presented with recurrence in the right inguinal lymph nodes,which were resected and followed by radiotherapy to the groin. Ten monthslater, he developed liver metastases and was treated with vindesine (12months) and interferon--2a (30 months) resulting in complete remissionwhich has been maintained for over 10 years. This interesting case report,with brief review of literature, is presented here.     

Trends in advanced imaging use for women undergoing breast cancer surgery

BACKGROUND:

Evidence‐based guidelines recommend limited perioperative diagnostic imaging for new breast cancer diagnoses. For patients aged >65 years, conventional imaging use (mammography, plain radiographs, and ultrasound) has remained stable, whereas advanced imaging (computed tomography [CT], nuclear medicine scans [positron emission tomography/bone scans], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) use has increased. In this study, the authors evaluated traditional and advanced imaging use among younger patients (aged ≤65 years) undergoing breast cancer surgery.

METHODS:

The MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Research Database from 2005 through 2008 was analyzed to evaluate the use of conventional and advanced diagnostic imaging associated with surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or stage I through III invasive breast cancer.

RESULTS:

The study cohort included 52,202 women (13% with DCIS and 87% with stage I‐III breast cancer). The proportion of patients undergoing conventional imaging remained stable, whereas the average number of conventional imaging tests per patient increased from 4.21 tests in 2005 to 4.79 tests per patient in 2008 (P < .0001). For advanced imaging, the proportion of women who underwent imaging increased from 48.8% in 2005 to 68.8% in 2008 (P < .0001), as did the number of tests per patient (from 1.53 tests in 2005 to 1.98 tests in 2008; P < .0001). MRI examinations accounted for nearly all of the increase in advanced imaging. Patients who underwent MRI examinations received significantly more traditional imaging tests compared with to those who did not, indicating that these tests are additive and are not replacing traditional imaging.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results demonstrate that the use of perioperative breast MRI has increased among women aged <65 years. Further study is indicated to determine whether the benefits of this procedure justify increased use. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.