自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8~+T淋巴细胞PD-1表达及意义

目的研究自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)表达的变化。方法选择自身免疫性肝炎患者22例和健康人20例,使用流式细胞仪检测所有被研究者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1分子的表达状况,比较不同分期和不同性别疾病患者PD-1表达水平。结果自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1分子阳性百分比为2.5±0.5%,显著高于健康对照组(0.5±0.1%,P<0.001);自身免疫性肝炎发病期患者CD8+T淋巴细胞表达PD-1百分比为2.6±0.7%,与缓解期比无统计学差异(3.4±0.8%);16例女性AIH患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1阳性百分比为3.5±0.7%,亦略高于6例男性患者的1.3±0.3%,但无显著统计学差异(P=0.1021),可能与例数较少有关。结论自身免疫性肝炎患者CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1表达率增加,PD-1可能在自身免疫性肝炎的发病中起了重要作用。     

慢性脊髓损伤通过上调PD-1表达破坏CD8~+T细胞的功能

目的探讨慢性脊髓损伤(SCI)对机体CD8~+T细胞免疫功能的影响及其可能机制。方法分析慢性SCI小鼠脾脏的细胞总数及总T细胞数;流式细胞术分析慢性SCI小鼠脾脏CD8~+T细胞分泌细胞因子干扰素(IFN)γ、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、Granzyme B、Perforin能力的变化;分析慢性SCI小鼠CD8~+T细胞程序性死亡受体(PD)-1表达;阻断慢性SCI小鼠CD8+T细胞PD-1表达后,分析CD8+T细胞功能的恢复情况。结果慢性SCI小鼠脾脏总细胞数与总T细胞数都没有显著变化(P>0.05);SCI小鼠脾脏中CD8~+T细胞分泌的IFNγ、TNF-α、Granzyme B、Perforin比例均下降(P<0.05);SCI小鼠脾脏中CD8~+T细胞表达的PD-1显著性升高;阻断CD8~+T的PD-1,其分泌细胞因子IFNγ、TNF-α、Granzyme B的能力均得到显著性恢复。结论慢性SCI小鼠CD8~+T细胞通过高表达PD-1抑制其分泌细胞因子的功能,从而导致CD8~+T细胞免疫功能受到抑制。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达水平及意义

目的探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者外周血T淋巴细胞程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)及其主要配体PD-L1的表达情况。方法在50例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者和25例健康体检者,使用流式细胞仪检测外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达;采用荧光定量核酸扩增及测序法检测血清HBV DNA载量。结果对照组和肝硬化组外周血T细胞PD-1阳性表达率分别为11.93±1.23%和33.13±3.38%(P<0.05),PD-L1阳性表达率分别为10.59±1.88%和32.47±2.18%(P<0.05);Child-Pugh A级(30.58±2.99%和32.19±1.44%)、B级(34.61±1.43%和33.46±2.58%)和C级(34.2±2.31%和31.76±2.33%)患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达率无显著性相差(P>0.05);在肝硬化患者,T细胞表面PD-l和PD-Ll表达水平与血清HBV DNA载量呈明显正相关(r2=0.8326和:r2=0.643,P<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达水平明显上调,且与血清HBV DNA载量呈明显正相关,提示T细胞高表达的PD-1可能通过与其配体PD-L1作用而抑制T细胞免疫应答,并导致病毒感染持续。     

雷公藤多甙联合异甘草酸镁治疗自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞PD-1和PD-L1变化

目的 探讨应用雷公藤多甙联合异甘草酸镁治疗的自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者外周血淋巴细胞程序性死亡因子-1(PD-1)和PD-1配体(PD-L1)表达的变化。方法 将76例AIH患者随机分为对照组38例和观察组38例,分别给予异甘草酸镁口服治疗或异甘草酸镁联合雷公藤多甙口服治疗,两组均治疗24周。使用CyFlow Counter流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞PD-1/PD-L1表达,包括PD-L1⁺/CD4⁺、PD-L1⁺/CD8⁺、PD-1⁺/CD4⁺和PD-1⁺/CD8⁺表达百分比,采用ELISA法检测血清γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)。结果 在治疗结束时,观察组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平为(48.9±9.7)U/L,显著低于对照组【(77.5±11.2)U/L,P<0.05】,血清谷草转氨酶(AST)水平为(45.5±7.3)U/L,显著低于对照组【(81.3±9.5)U/L,P<0.05】,血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平为(65.5±2.3)U/L,显著低于对照组【(91.3±5.8)U/L,P<0.05】;外周血淋巴细胞PD-L1⁺/CD4⁺百分比为(15.4±4.5)%,显著低于对照组【(19.3±5.8)%,P<0.05】,外周血PD-L1⁺/CD8⁺为(6.5±2.7)%,显著低于对照组【(9.2±3.0)%,P<0.05】,外周血PD-1⁺/CD4⁺为(7.4±2.6)%,显著低于对照组【(12.5±3.1)%,P<0.05】,外周血PD-1⁺/CD8⁺为(7.5±1.7)%,显著低于对照组【(10.1±1.2)%,P<0.05】;血清GLO水平为(13.4±1.5)g/L,显著低于对照组【(18.3±1.8)g/L,P<0.05】,血清IgG水平为(10.9±2.4)mg/mL,显著低于对照组【(13.6±2.9)mg/mL,P<0.05】,血清IFN-γ水平为(13.0±2.4)ng/mL,显著低于对照组【(18.1±2.8)ng/mL,P<0.05】。结论 应用雷公藤多甙联合异甘草酸镁治疗AIH患者近期疗效较好,可能与改善了外周血T细胞PD-1和PD-L1表达有关,值得进一步研究。     

肺结核患者外周血CD_4~+、CD_8~+T细胞Blimp-1表达下降

目的研究活动性肺结核患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)Blimp-1的表达及临床意义。方法采集31例活动期肺结核患者和45位健康对照组外周血,纯化PBMCs,用结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6和CFP-10混合性抗原肽库刺激,通过细胞表面标记和细胞内细胞因子染色技术,采用流式技术检测CD+4、CD+8T细胞Blimp-1的表达。结果与对照组比较,肺结核患者PBMCs中的CD+4、CD+8T细胞亚群分布出现显著性下降,且肺结核患者CD+4T细胞中Blimp-1的表达比例(%)下降(肺结核组89.5%(83.8%,95.7%),对照组94.5%(89.8%,98.7%),P0.05),且CD+4、CD+8T细胞中Blimp-1的表达量(平均荧光强度)也显著性下降(CD+4T细胞:肺结核组9.28(7.5,18.9),对照组15.4(11,25.4),P0.05);CD+8T细胞:肺结核组9.01(6.08,14.7),对照组14.2(9.53,23.1),P0.05)。结论活动期肺结核CD+4、CD+8T细胞群内Blimp-1的表达下降可能会使效应性和调节性T细胞的分化出现异常。Blimp-1可能参与结核病的疾病进程,这为研究结核病的诊断和治疗提供了线索。     

自身免疫性肝炎患者肝内调节性T细胞的数量变化及其意义

目的 研究自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者外周血及肝内CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）数量和功能变化.方法 应用流式细胞技术,比较正常人（25例）、慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者（18例）和AIH患者（25例）外周血中Treg细胞的变化;应用免疫组织化学染色方法进行Foxp3染色,比较CHB患者（15例）和AI...     

新发活动性肺结核患者治疗前后表达干扰素-γ的CD4+、CD8+T细胞百分比变化及意义

目的探讨新发活动性肺结核患者治疗2个月后表达干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的CD~+_4、CD~+_8 T细胞百分比变化及意义。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月我院收治的新发活动性肺结核病患者80例,采集患者治疗前和4联强化治疗2个月后全血,用流式细胞仪检测CD~+_4、CD~+_8 T细胞百分比及表达IFN-γ的CD~+_4、CD~+_8 T细胞百分比,用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IFN-γ水平。结果:4联强化治疗2个月后,患者CD~+_4、CD~+_8 T细胞百分比均有下降趋势,但与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);表达IFN-γ的CD~+_4 T细胞百分比低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);表达IFN-γ的CD~+_8 T细胞百分比与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清IFN-γ水平低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新发活动性肺结核患者治疗2个月后表达IFN-γ的CD~+_4 T细胞百分比降低,监测表达IFN-γ的CD~+_4 T细胞对于评估抗结核疗效有一定的参考意义。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞表面程序性死亡受体-1表达上调的意义

程序性死亡受体-1(PD-1)主要表达于活化的淋巴细胞和单核细胞,尤其是体内活化的T淋巴细胞表面[1],负性调节其活化、增殖和细胞因子的产生[2-3],使人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)[4]、HCC[5]、HBV[6-7]等慢性感染过程中患者的病毒特异性CD8+细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)功能受到抑制,从而造成持续性感染状态.     

肺癌患者外周血CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞的检测及其临床意义

目的检测肺癌患者外周血CD4 CD2 5调节性T细胞的分布并探讨相关机制。方法流式细胞仪分析46例肺癌患者外周血CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞占CD4 T淋巴细胞的比例;并用ELISA方法检测同标本血中转化生长因子-1(TGF-β1)的浓度。结果46例肺癌患者外周血中CD4 CD2 5调节性T细胞占CD4 T淋巴细胞的比例为(19.1±2.3)%,与对照组(4.1±0.6)%比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。22例鳞癌、19例腺癌、5例小细胞癌患者外周血中CD4 CD2 5调节性T细胞比例分别为(20.1±0.9)%、(18.8±0.4)%、(19.2±0.4)%,各组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);均显著高于对照组(4.1±0.6)%,P<0.05;20例Ⅲ、15例Ⅳ晚期肺癌患者外周血中CD4 CD2 5调节性T细胞比例为(21.4±2.1)%、(20.1±1.3%),均显著高于11例Ⅱ期患者(10.6±1.5)%,P均<0.05。肺癌组外周血清中TGF-β1的水平显著高于对照组,且随着TGF-β1浓度的增加,CD4 CD2 5调节性T细胞比例逐渐增高,两者呈正相关(r=0.0615,P<0.05)。结论肺癌患者外周血中有CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞比例增高,且与分期有关。     

CD48在类风湿关节炎患者外周血CD8+T细胞上的表达及意义

目的探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者CD8^＋T细胞上CIM8的表达及意义。方法选择30例RA患者（RA组）和30名健康人（对照组），采用流式细胞仪测定两组外周血CD8^＋T细胞表面上CD48的平均荧光强度，分析RA患者CD48在CD8^＋T细胞上表达的临床意义。结果RA组CD48^＋CD8^＋T细胞表面平均荧光强度明显低于正常对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。而两组CD48^＋CD4^＋T细胞的表面平均荧光强度差异无统计学意义。结论RA患者CD8^＋T细胞上CD48的表达低于对照组，CD48的表达减低使抑制性T细胞减少可能在RA的发病过程中起作用。     

Increase in CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood derived from patients with autoimmune hepatitis or chronic hepatitis C with autoimmune phenomena

BACKGROUND: The expressions of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and Bcl-2 are determinants of apoptosis in normal lymphocytes, and abnormalities in their expressions might contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we examined the expressions of CD95 and Bcl-2 on freshly isolated T and B cells from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or chronic hepatitis C associated with autoimmune phenomena (CH-C(AI)). METHODS: The CD95 and Bcl-2 expressions within CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cell subsets were analysed by two-colour flow cytometry. RESULTS: The surface expression of CD95 was significantly high in both the CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subsets derived from the patients with AIH and those with CH-C(AI), compared with expression in patients with CH-C and normal subjects. The increase in CD95 expression was associated with the phenotypic conversion of naive CD45RO- to primed CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells. Bcl-2 was detected in the vast majority of peripheral T and B cells. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Bcl-2-positive cells in the CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cell subsets among the patient groups and normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that an increase in CD4+ T cells expressing CD45RO and CD95 marks an important subset of AIH and CH-C(AI) patients. These expanded CD95+ CD45RO+ primed T cells most likely reflect a continuous antigen-specific or non-specific activation of T lymphocytes, and/or the persistent presence of activated lymphocytes as a consequence of abnormalities in the peripheral deletion of activated lymphocytes. These persistently activated lymphocytes might play a role in the induction of autoimmunity in AIH and CH-C(AI).     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8+CD28+T淋巴细胞百分比的变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 探讨不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比的变化,以及CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比变化与血清HBsAg水平的关系。方法 2018年4月~2018年8月我院诊治的慢性乙型肝炎患者88例,其中免疫耐受期20例,免疫清除期28例,非活动期20例,再活动期20例,另选择健康人20例。使用流式细胞术检测外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比。结果 健康人与免疫耐受期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（26.1±3.5）%和（26.3±3.4）%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;免疫清除期患者CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比为（40.1±4.7）%,显著高于健康人（P<0.05）;非活动期和再活动期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（20.3±2.2）%和（26.1±2.2）%,显著低于健康人（P<0.05）;外周血HBsAg低、中、高三组人群外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（24.0±7.5）%、（28.4±8.9）%和（33.2±8.5）%,各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比存在明显差异,可能与病毒长期刺激机体免疫系统,导致免疫系统功能失调有关,而这种失调可能参与了慢性乙型肝炎的发病过程。     

Hepatoma cells up-regulate expression of programmed cell death-1 on T cells

AIM： To investigate the effect of hepatoma cells on up-regulation of programmed cell death-1 （PD-1）, and the function of PD-1 on T cells. METHODS： HepG2 or HepG2.2.1.5 cells were cocultured with a lymphoma cell line-Jurkat cells. PD-1 expression was detected by flow cytometry. IL：2, INF-γ and IL-10 in culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Cytotoxic action of T cells was determined by MIF reduction assay-direct mononuclear cell cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS： The PD-1 expression on Jurkat cells increased by 16.17% ± 2.5% and 17.43% ± 2.2% after HepG2 or HepG2.2.1.5 cells were co-cultured for 48 h. The levels of IL-2, INF-γ and IL-10 in the culture supernatant were 202.9 ＋ 53.0 pg/mL, 88.6 ± 4.6 pg/mL and 63.7± 13.4 pg/mL respectively, which were significantly higher than those （102.9 ± 53 pg/mL, 39.3 ± 4.2 pg/mL, and 34.6 =E13.7 pg/mL） in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. The OD value for MTT assay in the blocking group （0.29 ± 0.06） was significantly higher than that （0.19 ± 0.09） in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： PD-1 expression on Jurkat cells is upregulated by hepatoma cells, cytokines and cytotoxic action are elevated after PD-1/PD-L1 is blocked.     

Costimulatory molecule programmed death-1 in the cytotoxic response during chronic hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8~+ T cells play an important role in the resolution of HCV infection. Nevertheless, during chronic hepatitis C these cells lack their effector functions and fail to control the virus.HCV has developed several mechanisms to escape immune control. One of these strategies is the upregulation of negative co-stimulatory molecules such us programmed death-1 (PD-1). This molecule is upregulated on intrahepatic and peripheral HCV-specific cytotoxic T cells during acute and chronic phases of the disease, whereas PD-1 expression is low in resolved infection. PD-1 expressing HCV-specific CD8~+ T cells are exhausted with impairment of several effector mechanisms, such as: type-1 cytokine production, expansion ability after antigen encounter and cytotoxic ability. However, PD-1 associated exhaustion can be restored by blocking the interaction between PD-1 and its ligand (PD-L1). After this blockade, HCV-specific CD8~+ T cells reacquire their functionality. Nevertheless,functional restoration depends on PD-1 expression level.High PD-1-expressing intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8~+ T cells do not restore their effector abilities after PD-1/ PD-L1 blockade. The mechanisms by which HCV is able to induce PD-1 up-regulation to escape immune control are unknown. Persistent TCR stimulation by a high level of HCV antigens could favour early PD-1 induction, but the interaction between HCV core protein and gC1q receptor could also participate in this process. The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway modulation could be a therapeutic strategy, in conjunction with the regulation of others co-stimulatory pathways, in order to restore immune response against HCV to succeed in clearing the infection.     

Soluble programmed death-1 levels are associated with disease activity and treatment response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis

Purpose: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease caused by impaired immune regulation. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor mainly expressed by T cells and with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2 present on antigen-presenting cells. We hypothesised the PD-1 axis to be impaired in AIH and investigated systemic levels of soluble(s) PD-1 and T cells ability to up-regulate PD-1 following in vitro activation in AIH patients.

Materials and methods: We included 67 AIH patients; 9 with active disease, 31 responders and 27 incomplete-responders to standard therapy. Forty-seven healthy controls (HC) were included for comparison. Soluble PD-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The PD-1 expression on T cells was measured using flow cytometry before and after 48-h stimulation in vitro with CD3/CD28 in 13 AIH patients and 10 HC.

Results: Soluble PD-1 was significantly elevated in AIH patients with active disease [0.24?ng/mL (range 0.16–0.28)] and in incomplete responders to standard therapy [0.17 (0.11–0.22)] compared with responders [0.11 (0.08–0.16), p?=?.008 and p?=?.01, respectively] and HC [0.12 (0.05–0.16), p?=?.02, both]. Following in vitro activation, PD-1 was significantly up-regulated (3.3-fold) on CD4⁺?T cells from AIH patients compared with HC (1.5-fold) (p?=?.0006).

Conclusions: AIH patients with active disease and incomplete response to standard treatment have similarly increased sPD-1 levels. Further, AIH patients have increased ability to up-regulate PD-1 following in vitro activation. Together these data suggests an impaired PD-1 axis in AIH.     

胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的数量及其功能

目的 了解胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4 +CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)数量和功能的变化.方法 筛选40例HLA-A2+慢性丙型肝炎患者(其中20例合并胰岛素抵抗),流式细胞仪检测患者CD4+CD25+Treg细胞占外周血中CD4+T细胞的频率,液闪计数仪检测对HCV特异性CD8+T细胞增殖的抑制作用,ELISA法检测IFN-y水平.统计学处理采用t检验.结果 胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4 +CD25+ Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的(9.5±1.9)％,明显低于慢性丙型肝炎患者的(11.2±2.2)％(t=2.615,P＜0.05).胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)≥4患者的CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞比例为(9.0±1.8)％,明显低于HOMA-IR＜4患者的(10.8±2.3)％(t=2.413,P＜0.05).胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞和去除Treg的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)共培养上清液中IFN-y为(4 050±580) pg/mL,明显高于慢性丙型肝炎患者的(2 005±330)pg/mL(t=13.705,P＜0.01).HOMA-IR≥4患者IFN-y为(5 682±986)pg/mL,明显高于HOMA-IR＜4患者的(2 819±660) pg/mL(t=7.630,P＜0.01).结论 随着胰岛素抵抗程度加重,慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞频率减低,对HCV特异性CD8+T细胞增殖的抑制作用减弱.     

Natural course of chronic hepatitis B is characterized by changing patterns of programmed death type-1 of CD8-positive T cells

AIM:To investigate if and how programmed death type-1(PD-1)expression affects the natural course of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection. METHODS:Sixty-four patients in different natural stages of chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study.PD-1 expression in total T cells was detected by flow cytometry.Levels of total CD8+T cell responses and proliferation in relation to PD-1 expression levels were analyzed with intracellular staining and PD-1/ PD-L1 blockage. RESULTS:The PD-1 expression in T cells was dy...