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1.
肝硬化门脉高压病人胃粘膜改变   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
将80例肝硬化病人分为门脉高压组(50例)和非门脉高压组(30例),分别观察内镜下胃粘膜改变的特征及其与临床的关系。结果:门脉高压组内镜下胃粘膜花斑叶征、猩红热样疹、红斑征、消化性溃疡及糜烂病灶的发生均显著高于非门脉高压组,除糜烂病灶发生随肝功能Child分级增加而增多外,均与肝功能和静脉曲张程度无关;门脉高压性消化性溃疡以十二指肠多发,而其它改变均以胃底及胃体多见。在门脉高压伴上消化道出血中,胃食道静脉曲张破裂出血仅占512%,而胃粘膜病变的出血达488%。结论:肝硬化门脉高压性胃粘膜病变是一种独特类型的胃病,它也是消化道出血的重要原因,应引起临床高度重视。  相似文献   

2.
肝硬化门脉高压的药物治疗   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
门脉高压并发曲张静脉出血是肝硬化主要死因之一,应用血管活性药物降低门脉压力为控制急性出血的主要措施之一。本文综述近年来有关降门脉压药物研究的进展。  相似文献   

3.
肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症的治疗现状   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
据估计,我国至少三分之二以上的肝硬化系肝炎肝硬化,主要是由乙型和丙型肝炎以及乙型肝炎合并丁型肝炎所引起,其中乙型肝炎是首要病因。门脉高压症是肝炎肝硬化晚期病人的主要临床表现,肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症与血吸虫病性门脉高压症在病理变化、临床表现上存在着明显差别,这决定  相似文献   

4.
血管扩张物质与肝硬化门脉高压高动力循环   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
外周动脉扩张是肝硬化门脉高压钠水潴留、腹水形成的始动因素,扩血管物质增多是动脉扩张继而形成高动力循环的重要原因。一些扩血管物质除可直接扩张血管外,还可使血管对体内增多的缩血管物质反应性下降。内源性一氧化氮、前列环素、胰高糖素、腺苷、胆酸、γ-氨基丁酸、血小板激活因子等在肝硬化门脉高压时血管局部或循环中含量增加,引起了外周和内脏动脉扩张,形成了高动力循环状态。  相似文献   

5.
肝硬化门脉高压症与胃肠动力异常   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
肝硬化门脉高压症可引起食管及胃肠动力异常,而胃肠动力异常又可使肝硬化门脉高压症的病情进一步加剧,甚至导致严重并发症。  相似文献   

6.
中药防治肝硬化门脉高压的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
门脉高压 ( PHT)是肝硬化常见和危险的并发症。约 70 %的肝硬化患者会出现 PHT和食管静脉曲张 ,其中 30 %有静脉曲张出血的危险。急性出血时 ,死亡率达 40 %~ 5 0 % ,生存的患者中 ,若不经治疗 ,70 %左右迟早会再出血。对肝硬化 PHT除手术和介入治疗外 ,可利用药物降低门脉阻力和减少门脉血流 ,达到减低门静脉压力 ,防治上消化道曲张静脉破裂出血。目前常用的西药主要有 :血管加压素、生长抑素、β-受体阻滞剂、硝基类扩血管药、钙离子拮抗剂、α1-受体阻滞剂或激动剂、利尿剂、5 -羟色胺阻滞剂。NO合成抑制剂硝酸左旋精氨酸、多巴胺…  相似文献   

7.
肝硬化门脉高压症是导致上消化道出血的主要因素之一 ,其潜在的危险性极大 ,目前尚无理想疗法。笔者自 1 998年 3月~ 2 0 0 1年 5月 ,采用中药局部贴敷为主治疗 64例 ,疗效满意 ,现将结果报告如下。1 资料与方法1 .1 临床资料 :94例肝硬化门脉高压症患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组 64例中 ,男 47例 ,女 7例 ;年龄 2 8~ 5 6岁 ;病程 5~ 1 3年 ;其中乙型肝炎后肝硬化 5 7例 ,丙型肝炎后肝硬化 7例 ;活动性肝硬化 41例 ,静止性肝硬化 2 3例 ;并发腹水 1 4例。对照组 30例中 ,男 2 3例 ,女 1 7例 ;年龄 2 6~ 5 8岁 ;病程 4~ 1 2年 ;其中乙型肝…  相似文献   

8.
肝硬化门脉高压患者的肺动脉血流动力学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用多普勒超声心动图(DEC)对32例肝硬化门脉高压(CHP)患者的肺动脉血流动力学(PAH)进行了系统检测。结果:患者组比正常对照组肺动脉增宽(P<0.005),血流速度变慢(P<0.005),血流量增加(P<0.05),心脏指数增大(P<0.05),压力阶差缩小(P<0.05)。提示CHP患者的肺血管处于扩张状态,PAH呈高动力循环状态,肺动脉扩张和高动力循环状态是肝-肺综合征的病理基础。  相似文献   

9.
超声检查对肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的预测   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以超声检查指标对门脉高压性胃病进行预测.经超声和胃镜检查,筛选出与门脉高压性胃病相关且对其判断贡献较大的指标,建立回归方程.门静脉内径、脾长径、脾指数、脾静脉内径、腹水、胆囊壁厚度与门脉高压性胃病呈正相关,经Logistic回归分析对门脉高压性胃病的综合判断符合率为79.3%.超声检查指标对肝硬化患者门脉高压性胃病判断符合率较高,可由超声检查预测肝硬化门脉高压性胃病.  相似文献   

10.
泽泻对肝硬化门脉高压血流动力学影响的临床研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探讨泽泻对肝硬化门脉高压患者血流动力学影响,观察肝硬化患者在服用泽泻前后门静脉系统血流动力学的变化;记录用药前后不同时期患者尿量,并采集静脉血,利用生化及放免方法检测肾功能及血浆醛固酮水平。发现泽泻治疗10天后患者尿量显著增多(P<0.05),20天后门静脉血流量明显减少(P<0.05),而患者内生肌酐清除率、血浆醛固酮水平无明显差异。认为泽泻能有效减少门静脉血流量,降低门脉压力。对肾功能无影响,无毒副作用。  相似文献   

11.
AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of natural taurine (NTau) on portal hypertension (PHT) in rats with experimentally-induced liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: Experimentally-induced LC Wistar rats (20 rats/group) were treated with either oral saline or oral NTau for 6 consecutive weeks. Evaluation parameters included portal venous pressure (PVP), portal venous resistance (PVR), portal venous flow (PVF), splanchnic vascular resistance (SVR) and mean arterial pressure (NAP). Vasoactive substance levels including nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were also measured. Histological investigation of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen (COL Ⅰ and Ⅲ) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was also performed. RESULTS: Treatment with NTau (1) significantly decreased PVP, PVR and PVF, and increased MAP and SVP; (2) markedly increased the vascular compliance and reduced the zero-stress of the portal vein; (3) markedly decreased the amount of NO and cGMP and activity of NOS; and (4) improved the pathological status of the liver tissue and reduced the expression of COL Ⅰ, COL Ⅲ and TGF-β1. CONCLUSION: NTau inhibited the LC-induced PHT by improving hyperdynamic circulation, morphology of liver and biomechanical properties of the portal vein in experimentally-induced LC rats.  相似文献   

12.
Since the first laparoscopic splenectomy(LS)was reported in 1991,LS has become the gold standard for the removal of normal to moderately enlarged spleens in benign conditions.Compared with open splenectomy,fewer postsurgical complications and better postoperative recovery have been observed,but LS is contraindicated for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis in many institutions owing to technical difficulties associated with splenomegaly,well-developed collateral circulation,and increased risk of bleeding.With the improvements of laparoscopic technique,the concept is changing.This article aims to give an overview of the latest development in laparoscopic splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Despite a lack of randomized controlled trial,the publications obtained have shown that with meticulous surgical techniques and advanced instruments,LS is a technically feasible,safe,and effective procedure for hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis and portal hypertension and contributes to decreased blood loss,shorter hospital stay,and less impairment of liver function.It is recommended that the dilated short gastric vessels and other enlarged collateral circulation surrounding the spleen be divided with the LigaSure vessel sealing equipment,and the splenic artery and vein be transected en bloc with the application of the endovascular stapler.To support the clinical evidence,further randomized controlled trials about this topic are necessary.  相似文献   

13.
Severe complications of liver cirrhosis are mostly related to portal hypertension. At the base of the pathogenesis of portal hypertension is the increase in hepatic vascular resistance to portal blood flow with subsequent development of hyperdynamic circulation, which, despite of the formation of collateral circulation, promotes progression of portal hypertension. An important role in its pathogenesis is played by the rearrangement of vascular bed and angiogenesis. As a result, strategic directions of the therapy of portal hypertension under liver cirrhosis include selectively decreasing hepatic vascular resistance with preserving or increasing portal blood flow, and correcting hyperdynamic circulation and pathological angiogenesis, while striving to reduce the hepatic venous pressure gradient to less than 12 mmHg or 20% of the baseline. Over the last years, substantial progress in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of hemodynamic disorders under liver cirrhosis has resulted in the development of new drugs for their correction. Although the majority of them have so far been investigated only in animal experiments, as well as at the molecular and cellular level, it might be expected that the introduction of the new methods in clinical practice will increase the efficacy of the conservative approach to the prophylaxis and treatment of portal hypertension complications. The purpose of the review is to describe the known methods of portal hypertension pharmacotherapy and discuss the drugs that may affect the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of its development.  相似文献   

14.
A high incidence of IgA nephropathy has been reported in patients with liver cirrhosis, though, clinically evident nephrotic syndrome is very uncommon. Impaired hepatic clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes and subsequent deposition in renal glomeruli has been considered principally in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis associated IgA nephropathy. Here we report on a patient with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis and splenic vein thrombosis, who presented with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy showed findings consistent with IgA nephropathy. Lower endoscopy showed features of portal hypertensive colopathy. Following initiation of propranolol and anticoagulant treatment to reduce portal pressure, a gradual decrease of proteinuria and hematuria to normal range was noted. The potential pathogenetic role of portal hypertension in the development of IgA nephropathy in cirrhotic patients is discussed.  相似文献   

15.
目的探讨门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对肝硬化病程的影响。方法回顾我院2003年~2011年肝硬化伴PVT形成的患者资料。18例肝硬化伴PVT形成患者人选血栓组;随机选择同阶段肝硬化门静脉高压症的无门静脉血栓形成患者19例作为对照组,比较两组患者的门静脉宽度、脾脏厚度、食管胃底静脉曲张、腹水及上消化道大出血发生等情况。结果血栓组的门静脉宽度及脾脏厚度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。血栓组食管胃底重度静脉曲张、上消化道大出血和大量腹水比例两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论脾肿大和门静脉增宽是PVT形成的主要危险因素,PVT形成加重门静脉高压的程度,从而增加上消化道出血几率,使腹水难以消退,增加相关并发症发生率并使相关症状加重,预防门静脉血栓形成有助于延缓肝硬化病情发展。  相似文献   

16.
肝硬化门静脉高压症患者断流术后转归的影响因素分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:研究肝硬化门静脉高压症患者断流术后转归的影响因素.方法:回顾性分析行断流术的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者158例.根据术后并发症情况将患者分为高危组和一般组2组.将其作为因变量,将23个临床指标作为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析.结果:影单因素分析显示,高危组和一般组凝血酶原时间(PT,P=0.007)、Child分级(P= 0.001)、术中所见肝硬化程度(P=0.002)、B型超声测得盆腔腹水前后径值(P=0.023)、胃镜所见食道胃底静脉曲张程度(P=0.010)有显著性差异.Logistic回归分析显示,Child分级、PT和术中所见肝脏硬化程度在两组间仍有显著差异.结论:肝硬化门静脉高压症患者断流术后转归的影响因素为Child分级、PT和术中所见肝脏硬化程度.  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)基因多态性与肝硬化门静脉高压的相关性。方法采用病例对照和聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术,检测106 例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者(其中门静脉高压症65例)和108名健康对照者iNOS基因启动子-969G→C多态性及eNOS基因第七外显子894G→多态性,比较等位基因及基因型频率,并进行综合分析。结果在iNOS启动子969G→C多态性中,门静脉高压症组C等位基因和GC基因型频率比对照组显著升高(x2- 5.93,P<0.05)。GC基因型启动子的活性比GG基因型活性强。在eNOS的894G→T多态性中,T等位基因频率明显高于对照组(x2-3.91,P<0.05)。采用Logistic多元回归显示iNOS基因启动子-969G→C多态性及cNOS的894G→T多态性是门静脉高压症新的危险因素。结论iNOS启动子969G→C多态性和eNOS的894G→T多态性与门静脉高压症相关,是形成门静脉高压症新的危险因素。iNOS启动子-969G→C多态性可导致该基因启动子功能活性增强。  相似文献   

18.
肝硬化门静脉血栓形成的临床分析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 探讨肝硬化 (LC)门静脉血栓 (PVT)形成对LC病程发展的影响。方法 检索我院自 1 995至 2 0 0 2年肝硬化PVT形成患者 ,血栓诊断依据彩色多普勒和 (或 )CT。 4 8例肝硬化PVT形成患者入选血栓组 ;同阶段LC门脉高压症的非血栓病例中选择 5 2例作为对照组。对两组患者的肝功能Child Pugh分级、凝血功能、门静脉、脾静脉宽度及脾脏面积、厚度进行比较。行t检验 ,χ2 检验 ,Logistic回归分析。结果 肝硬化PVT形成除继发于脾切除等手术后 ,75 .0 %隐匿发病 ,85 .4 %的血栓发生于门静脉主干 ,脾脏增大与门静脉增宽是PVT形成的危险因素 (P =0 .0 0 3、0 .0 1 0 )。血栓组门静脉及脾静脉宽度分别为 (1 .4 8± 0 .2 6 )cm ,(1 .2 3± 0 .38)cm ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 [(1 .37± 0 .2 2 )cm ,(1 .0 5± 0 .30 )cm ,P =0 .0 37,0 .0 31 ]。血栓组脾面积平均值为 (96 .6 4± 33.4 )cm2 ,脾厚径为 (6 .0 7± 1 .2 0 )cm ,分别大于对照组的 (80 .81± 2 8.9)cm2 ,(5 .2 3± 1 .0 8)cm(P =0 .0 36 ,0 .0 0 1 )。血栓组食管胃底静脉曲张程度重于非血栓组 ,大出血、大量腹水比例高 (P <0 .0 5 )。血栓形成后 1年内死亡率为1 6 .6 % ,较非血栓组增高 (P =0 .0 2 3)。两组肝功能Child Pugh分级、凝血功能、血小板计  相似文献   

19.
肝硬化门静脉高压并发症对预后的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
目的 了解门静脉高压各并发症在失代偿肝硬化患者的发生情况和各并发症对患者预后的影响.方法 选择失代偿期肝硬化患者的病历资料进行登记和随访,根据随访结果,分析患者门静脉高压并发症的发生情况;利用终末期肝病模型(MELD)公式,计算出MELD值并进行分级,同时计算Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)分级,分别分析CTP分级和MELD分级中门静脉高压并发症发生情况和患者生存状况.利用Kaplan-Meier生存分析方法分析门静脉高压并发症对肝硬化患者生存率的影响.利用x2检验和时序性检验比较生存率差别,Cox比例风险回归分析各个并发症对患者生存影响作用的大小.结果 在符合条件的322例失代偿期肝硬化患者中,发生食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血、肝性脑病、大量腹水、自发性腹膜炎、肝肾综合征Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的患者病死率分别是45.9%、79.4%、66.7%、100%、100%和84.6%.各并发症的发生基本按CTP分级和MELD值的增加而逐渐升高.经过Kaplan-Meier生存分析,除少量和中量腹水外,各并发症对患者生存率的影响,P值均<0.01,差异均有统计学意义.由Cox回归过程分析出肝性脑病、自发性腹膜炎、肝肾综合征Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血和腹水的回归系数分别为0.973、0.928、0.935、0.866、0.464和0.369. 结论 门静脉高压并发症均能对失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后造成明显影响,其中影响程度最大的是肝性脑病.  相似文献   

20.
通过对肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压患者行部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)治疗,观察短期术后肝功能、血细胞计数和并发症发生情况。方法63例肝炎肝硬化患者术前行B超或(和)CT检查,常规行PSE。结果在术前,患者血清ALT、ALB和TBIL分别为(49.9±9.8) U/L、(35.6±1.6) g/L和(22.47±3.7)μmol/L,而术后8 d则分别为(24.4±3.1) U/L、(33.7±1.7) g/L和(30.2±4.4)μmol/L,均变化显著(P〈0.05);术前WBC、RBC和PLT分别为(2.36±1.24)×10^9/L、(3.62±0.51)×10^12/L和(45.3±20.2)×10^9/L,术后8 d则分别为(6.32±2.16)×10^9/L、(3.66±0.47)×10^12/L和(154.2±161.2)×10^9/L,白细胞和血小板升高显著(P〈0.05);所有患者在术后均出现不同程度的发热、脾区疼痛。结论 PSE虽可减轻肝硬化脾功能亢进症患者血细胞减少,但术后短期内黄疸加深,须要加强保肝和退黄治疗。  相似文献   

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