急诊手术治疗肝癌破裂患者生存期研究

目的 研究肝癌破裂患者手术治疗后生存状况。方法 2007年2月~2014年7月本院收治的原发性肝癌破裂患者136例,其中接受急诊肝叶切除术治疗患者75例,经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）止血治疗患者61例。结果 在75例接受急诊手术治疗的患者中,73例（97.4%）止血成功,另2例在行肝动脉结扎止血后再次出血而死亡,在61例接受TACE治疗的患者中,54例（88.5%）止血成功,4例患者死于失血性休克,3例患者死于肝功能衰竭;急诊肝叶切除术治疗患者中位生存时间为12.9±3.2个月,而TACE组为5.8±2.1个月（P<0.01）;在术后1年随访, TACE组病死率为86.9%,显著高于急诊肝叶切除术组的69.3%（P<0.05）。结论 对于肝癌破裂出血患者,应根据肿瘤情况和肝功能状况综合判断应该给予何种治疗,对于不能急诊手术切除肿瘤的患者,TACE仍是一种比较好的选择。     

增强CT扫描评估TACE术治疗的原发性肝癌患者效果分析

目的 探讨增强CT扫描判定经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)术治疗的原发性肝癌(PLC)患者的效果。方法 2019年1月～2020年12月我院诊治的PLC患者36例,所有患者接受TACE治疗,手术前后行增强CT检查。结果 经DSA检查发现在36例PLC患者中,肝内病灶供血来源于肠系膜上动脉者22例,来自腹腔动脉者14例;所有患者接受TACE治疗成功;在TACE治疗后经DSA检查发现有18例病灶残余,表现为病灶区域碘油呈片状或斑片状分布,肝动脉期存在局部强化区;以DSA检查作为“金标准”,发现增强CT扫描判定TACE术后病灶残余的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为88.9%、83.3%、84.2%和88.2%。结论 应用增强CT扫描判定PLC患者TACE术的治疗效果具有较好的实用价值。     

冷循环微波消融联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效及安全性研究

目的 探讨冷循环微波消融联合肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌患者的疗效和安全性。方法 将72例原发性肝癌患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组36例。给予观察组冷循环微波消融联合TACE治疗,对照组行单纯TACE治疗,比较总有效率、生存率、血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）变化和不良反应。结果 在治疗后6个月,观察组总有效率（88.9%）显著高于对照组（69.4%,x²=4.12,P=0.04）;观察组2 a生存率（66.7%）显著高于对照组（41.7%,x²=4.5,P=0.03）;观察组血清AFP下降率（83.3%）显著高于对照组（61.1%,P<0.05）;所有患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论 冷循环微波消融联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者安全有效。     

TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者血清肿瘤标志物水平变化

目的 探讨原发性肝癌（PLC）患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平变化。方法 2014年1月~2015年2月我院收治的47例PLC患者和47例同期来我院检查的健康人,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清CA242、CA724和AFP。结果 PLC患者在术前AFP、CA242和CA724水平均显著高于健康人（t=49.293,t=17.392,t=9.394,P<0.01）;在TACE治疗后半年和1年,PLC患者血清AFP和CA724水平均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.01）,但CA242水平则无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 PLC患者在接受TACE治疗后血清CA724和AFP水平均显著降低,在临床上评价肝癌患者术后治疗效果中具有一定的参考价值。     

应用还原型谷胱甘肽预防处理接受TACE治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者对肝功能的影响

目的 探讨应用还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）预防处理接受经肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌（PLC）患者对肝功能的影响。方法 2010年2月~2014年7月我院收治138例PLC患者,被随机分为观察组71例和对照组67例,均接受TACE治疗,观察组在TACE术后加用GSH治疗7 d。结果 在治疗后3 m复查CT评估近期疗效,结果观察组部分缓解和疾病稳定率分别为23.9%和60.6%,与对照组的20.9%和58.2%比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）;在治疗后10 d复查,观察组血清ALT和AST水平分别为（75.4±18.9） U/L和（101.6±18.4）U/L,显著低于对照组【（98.6±20.4） U/L和（121.2±30.4） U/L,P<0.05】;在治疗后2 w观察,观察组胃肠反应、白细胞减少、血红蛋白减少和血小板减少发生率分别为26.8%、22.5%、19.7%和2.8%,而对照组则分别为32.8%（P<0.05）、28.4%、29.9%（P<0.05）和6.0%;观察组和对照组患者6 m生存率分别为91.5%（65/71）和85.1%（57/67）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,1 a生存率分别为84.5%（60/71）和61.2%（41/67）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 应用还原型谷胱甘肽预防处理接受经肝动脉介入化疗栓塞治疗的中晚期原发性肝癌患者,可减轻肝功能损害,降低不良反应程度,提高患者舒适感。     

肝动脉栓塞化疗联合肝叶切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者临床疗效观察

目的 观察肝动脉栓塞化疗（TACE）联合肿瘤切除手术治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的临床疗效。方法 2015年10月~2016年10月我院诊治的PLC患者95例,其中47例接受TACE治疗,48例在TACE治疗后1月行手术切除肿瘤治疗,观察并对比两组患者病灶根除和生存率情况。结果 联合组术后病灶清除率、术后1 a生存率、2 a生存率分别为100.0%、83.3%和68.8%,均显著高于TACE组的53.2%、61.7%和46.8%（P<0.05）,术后复发率为16.7%,明显低于对照组的51.1%（P<0.05）;治疗后联合组肝功能指标改善情况显著优于TACE组（P<0.05）;TACE组患者术后出现肺栓塞5例,肿瘤破裂出血2例,肺部感染3例,而联合组出现肺栓塞2例,肝断面胆瘘1例,肿瘤破裂出血1例,肺部感染1例（P<0.05）。结论 在TACE术后再行手术切除肿瘤治疗PLC患者具有一定的临床应用价值。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌56例

2005年2月-2006年2月,我院采用经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌56例,取得满意疗效。现报告如下。     

经肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌患者疗效与生存分析

目的 探讨经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）联合索拉非尼治疗原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的近期疗效和2 a生存情况。方法 2008年1月至2013年12月收治的PLC患者76例,排除远处转移患者。所有患者接受TACE治疗1～3次,44例同时接受索拉非尼治疗。按照2000年世界卫生组织制定的实体瘤治疗疗效评价标准（RECIST）考核疗效,应用Kaplan-Meier 法计算生存率。结果 在完成TACE治疗6月后,在44例接受索拉非尼治疗的患者中,死亡2例,在32例只接受TACE治疗的患者中,死亡3例。在生存的接受联合索拉非尼治疗的42例患者中,完全缓解、部分缓解、疾病稳定和疾病进展率分别为38.1%、50.0%、4.8%和7.1%,而在只接受TACE治疗的29例生存者中,则分别为27.6%、41.4%、13.8%和17.2%,两组差异显著（P<0.05）;联合组1 a和2 a生存率分别为68.2%和43.2%,而只接受TACE治疗组则分别为50.0%和31.3%,两组差异显著（P<0.05）。结论 对于未手术切除的肝癌患者,在进行TACE治疗的同时或以后给予索拉非尼维持治疗可以提高疗效,延长生存期。     

超声融合导航技术指导微波消融治疗小肝癌临床价值研究*

目的 研究应用超声融合导航技术在常规超声检查显示困难的小肝癌患者引导微波消融(MWA)治疗的价值。方法 2018年1月～2022年1月我院诊治的80例原发性肝癌(PLC)患者,其中接受经皮肝动脉导管化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗40例,接受在超声融合导航技术指导下MWA治疗40例,术后随访。采用ELISA法检测血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)和热休克蛋白-90(Hsp-90)水平。结果 在治疗后1个月复查,MWA治疗组完全缓解率为82.5%,显著高于TACE治疗组的37.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在治疗后3个月,MWA治疗组血清AFP和Hsp90水平分别为(15.2±9.3)μg/L和(63.5±7.8)ng/ml,显著低于TACE治疗组【分别为(32.6±10.2)μg/L和(88.4±9.1)ng/ml,P<0.05】; 术后,MWA治疗组肝区疼痛发生率为47.5%,显著低于TACE治疗组的82.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用超声融合导航技术指导常规超声检查显示困难的小肝癌微波消融治疗可提高肝癌病灶完全消融率,减少术后不良反应,值得进一步研究。     

CIK细胞输注联合TACE治疗延缓原发性肝癌患者门静脉癌栓的形成

目的 探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）输注联合经动脉插管化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌患者延缓门静脉癌栓形成的可能性。方法 选择2010年1月～2014年12月我院收治的原发性肝癌患者44例,22例接受TACE联合CIK细胞输注治疗,另22例只接受TACE治疗。采用Ficoll两步分离法分离外周血单个核细胞,经IFN-γ、抗CD3单克隆抗体和 IL-2诱导,使用流式细胞仪检测细胞CD抗原表达鉴定CIK细胞培养成功,常规行TACE治疗,在TACE治疗半月后输注CIK细胞悬液3次,细胞总数为1.0×109。治疗前后行腹部CT检查,确定门静脉栓子形成情况。结果 治疗后1 m、3 m和6 m,联合组患者门静脉癌栓发生率分别为4.5%、13.6%和27.2%,而TACE组则分别为9.0%、45.5%和63.6%（P<0.05）;在治疗3月时,联合组肿瘤大小为（4.77±1.27）cm,显著低于TACE组[（5.54±1.14）cm,P＜0.05];在治疗3月时,联合组血清甲胎蛋白水平为(83.14±31.91) ng/ml,也显著低于TACE组[(139.24±98.76) ng/ml,P＜0.05];两组肺部、颅脑和骨骼等远处转移发生率无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 CIK细胞输注联合TACE可明显减缓原发性肝癌患者门静脉栓子形成的时间,改善肝功能,同时能有效控制肿瘤的生长及扩散。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.