MSCT与MRI动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌与肝细胞癌的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)与磁共振成像(MRI)动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌(ICC)和肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法 2018年1月～2019年6月我科诊治的70例原发性肝癌患者,均接受MSCT和MRI动态增强扫描。以手术后组织病理学检查诊断作为金标准,评估两种检查方法的诊断效能。结果 经手术后组织病理学检查,在70例原发性肝癌患者中,诊断ICC 12例,HCC 58例;MSCT检查显示HCC病灶动脉期强化、静脉期强化减退,延迟期持续强化减退;MRI多期扫描检查显示39例HCC患者病灶呈快进快出型强化,17例患者病灶呈快进慢出型强化,2例患者病灶呈慢进慢出型强化。MRI多期扫描发现9例ICC患者病灶呈慢进慢出型,3例患者病灶在动脉期和门脉期未出现明显强化,延迟期逐渐呈均匀性强化;MRI诊断HCC患者56例(96.6%),与CT诊断的53例(91.4%)比,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而诊断ICC患者9例(75.0%),显著高于CT诊断的7例(58.3%,P<0.05)。结论 在富血供的PLC患者,ICC和HCC的影像学表现有所差异,应用MRI增强扫描有利于提高对ICC的诊断检出率,值得临床积累经验和应用。     

MRI及MSCT用于肝内胆管细胞癌临床诊断的效能分析

目的 分析磁共振成像(MRI)和多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)对肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)的诊断价值。方法 2017年3月至2022年3月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的原发性肝癌患者70例,患者均接受MRI和MSCT检查,以手术后组织病理学检查和穿刺活检为金标准,MRI、MSCT联合诊断时任意一种方法诊断为ICC即判定为ICC,评估MRI和MSCT单独及联合诊断ICC的效能。结果 病理诊断结果显示70例原发性肝癌患者中23例为ICC、47例为肝细胞癌(HCC)。MRI诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中20例为ICC、50例为HCC。MRI诊断ICC的敏感度为69.6%、特异度为91.5%、准确率为84.3%、Kappa值为0.632。MSCT诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中22例为ICC、48例为HCC。MSCT诊断ICC的敏感度为65.2%、特异度为85.1%、准确率为78.6%、Kappa值为0.509。MRI联合MSCT诊断结果显示,70例原发性肝癌中21例为ICC、49例为HCC。MRI联合MSCT诊断ICC的敏感度为82.6%、特异度为95.7%、准确率为91.4%、Kappa值...     

MRI在肝腺瘤诊断中的应用

目的 探讨 MRI对肝腺瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析10例肝腺瘤患者的MRI表现.结果 病理证实肝腺瘤10例,其中MRI诊断为肝腺瘤5例.7例单发,直径为(5.2±1.9) cm;3例多发,最大病灶直径为(9.0±3.0) cm.8例T1WI序列和T2WI序列呈长T1和长(稍长)T2信号,1例呈长T1稍短T2信号,1例呈短T1等T2信号;9例回波序列见大量脂质成分.增强扫描时,7例动脉期病灶明显强化,门脉期及延迟期造影剂消退,病灶为等信号或稍高信号;2例动脉期轻度不均匀强化;1例动脉期病灶增强与肝实质近似,门脉期和延迟期造影剂较前消退.肝腺瘤呈现快进慢出信号特征;8例门脉期及延迟期病灶周     

原发性肝癌的MRI表现

肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）占肝脏原发恶性肿瘤的８０％以上［１］．ＭＲＩ具有很高的组织分辨率、多参数、多方位成像等特点,成为继ＣＴ之后的又一有效而无创伤性的肝癌检查诊断方法,我们收集３０例经证实的ＨＣＣ患者的ＭＲＩ资料,采用双盲法进行前瞻性回顾分析,旨在探讨Ｍ...     

DCE-MRI、DWI和MRCP联合诊断肝外胆管癌临床价值研究

目的 探讨采用磁共振动态增强成像(DCE-MRI)、磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)与磁共振胰胆管造影成像(MRCP)联合诊断肝外胆管癌(CC)的临床价值。方法 2019年3月～2022年3月我院诊治的64例疑似肝外CC患者,经穿刺或手术病理学检查为金标准,评估DCE-MRI、DWI和MRCP联合诊断的效能。结果 经组织病理学检查诊断,在64例疑似肝外CC患者中,诊断肝外CC 45例;DCE-MRI诊断检出肝外CC 46例,其中41例阳性和14例阴性与病理学检查诊断一致(Kappa=0.658,P<0.05);DWI诊断检出肝外CC 45例,其中38例阳性和12例阴性与病理学检查诊断一致(Kappa=0.476,P<0.05);MRCP诊断检出肝外CC 44例,其中40例阳性和15例阴性与病理学检查诊断一致(Kappa=0.668,P<0.05);DCE-MRI、DWI和MRCP联合诊断检出肝外CC 45例,其中43例阳性和17例阴性与病理学检查诊断一致(Kappa=0.850,P<0.05);DCE-MRI、DWI和MRCP联合诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确性分别为9...     

肝脏超声造影诊断肝癌术后肝内肿瘤复发的价值探讨

目的探讨超声造影在肝癌术后肝内肿瘤复发中的诊断价值。方法48例肝癌切除术后患者经常规超声检查发现肝内直径≤2.0 cm的单发病灶患者进行超声造影检查和血清AFP检测。结果在术后平均（32.86±7.54）个月,常规超声检查发现48例肝癌术后患者肝内出现直径≤2.0 cm单发病灶,48个单发病灶呈圆形或者类圆形占位性病变,其中44个呈低回声,4个呈高回声;超声造影检查判断肿瘤复发病灶35个,良性结节13个;在32例血清AFP>200 μg/L患者,肝内肿瘤发生率为87.50%,明显高于16例血清AFP≤200 μg/L患者的43.75%,具有统计学差异（x²=10.338,P=0.001）;在48个单发病灶中,超声造影诊断正确44个（91.67%）,包括复发病灶33个和良性结节11个;超声造影对肝癌术后患者肝内直径≤2.0 cm单发病灶诊断的准确度为91.67%（44/48）,灵敏度为94.29%（33/35）,特异度为84.62%（11/13）。结论超声造影可以对肝癌术后患者肝内复发病灶进行早期诊断,对于提高患者的治疗疗效和生存期具有重要的临床意义。     

磁共振PWI联合DWI在老年急性期脑梗死中的应用价值

目的 探讨灌注加权成像(PWI)联合弥散加权成像(DWI)对急性期脑梗死的诊断价值.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集56例发病时间1～72 h(其中20例为超急性期脑梗死,发病时间＜6 h;36例为急性期脑梗死,发病时间7～72 h)的老年脑梗死病人的临床及影像资料.所有病人均进行PWI和DWI检查,主要观察指标:患侧脑...     

局灶性肝病的MRI鉴别诊断

局灶性肝病的ＭＲＩ鉴别诊断王绪冯守信汪秀玲Ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｈｅａｄｉｎｇｓｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｕｌａｒ／ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ；ｈｅｍａｎｇｉｏｍａ／ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ；ｃｙｓｔｓ／ｄｉａｇｎｏｓｉｓ；ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅ...     

磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌的诊断及鉴别诊断作用

目的:探讨磁共振扩散加权成像对肝癌诊断及鉴别诊断的作用.方法:选取肝脏占位性病变88例,其中原发性肝细胞癌28例,转移瘤15例,肝血管瘤33例,肝囊肿12例.应用不同的b值分别行轴位扩散加权成像扫描,在拟合出的ADC图上分别测出ADC值并进行统计分析.结果:随着b值或b值差的增大,肝脏占位病变的ADC值明显减小,而且波动范围减小,b值越大时越接近实际DC值.采用b值差为500时各组病变的ADC值作为肝脏占位病变的ADC平均值.肝囊肿(3.24±0.68)ADC值明显高于原发性肝癌(1.20±0.32)、血管瘤(2.01±0.53)和转移瘤(1.57±0.42)(P<0.01).血管瘤ADC值显著高于原发性肝癌(P<0.01)及转移瘤(P<0.05).转移瘤ADC值高于原发性肝癌,但无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:ADC值的应用可大大提高MRI对肝癌的诊断和鉴别诊断能力.     

基于2018年版肝脏影像报告数据系统对比分析CT和MRI诊断肝细胞癌的效能

目的 比较CT和MRI按照2018年版肝脏影像报告数据系统(LI-RADS)诊断肝细胞癌(HCC)的效能.方法 2017年9月～2020年7月四川省肿瘤医院诊治的有HCC高危因素的72例患者(HCC 53例、非HCC恶性肿瘤10例、良性病变9例),接受CT和MRI检查.根据2018年版LI-RADS定义的影像学征象和分...     

Pearls and pitfalls in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, which usually arises in cirrhotic liver. When the typical enhancement pattern, consisting of late arterial hyperenhancement followed by washout, is present in nodules larger than 1 cm, HCC can be confidently diagnosed without the need for tissue biopsy. Nevertheless, HCC can display an atypical enhancement pattern, either as iso or hypovascular lesion, or hypervascular lesion without washout. Not only the enhancement pattern of HCC could be atypical, but also a variety of histological types of HCC, such as steatotic, scirrhous, fibrolamellar, or combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma could raise diagnostic dilemmas. In addition, distinct morphological types of HCC or different growth pattern can occur. Awareness of these atypical and rare HCC presentations on magnetic resonance imaging is important for accurate differentiation from other focal liver lesions and timely diagnosis, which allows optimal treatment of patients.     

Dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic model of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of a dual-input two-compartment tracer kinetic model for evaluating tumorous microvascular properties in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS: From January 2014 to April 2015, we prospectively measured and analyzed pharmacokinetic parameters [transfer constant(K_(trans)), plasma flow(F_p), permeability surface area product(PS), efflux rate constant(k_(ep)), extravascular extracellular space volume ratio(V_e), blood plasma volume ratio(V_p), and hepatic perfusion index(HPI)] using dual-input two-compartment tracer kinetic models [a dual-input extended Tofts model and a dual-input 2-compartment exchange model(2CXM)] in 28 consecutive HCC patients. A well-known consensus that HCC is a hypervascular tumor supplied by the hepatic artery and the portal vein was used as a reference standard. A paired Student's t-test and a nonparametric paired Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to compare the equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters derived from the two models, and Pearson correlation analysis was also applied to observe the correlations among all equivalent parameters. The tumor size and pharmacokinetic parameters were tested by Pearson correlation analysis, while correlations among stage, tumor size and all pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: The F_p value was greater than the PS value(F_P = 1.07 m L/m L per minute, PS = 0.19 m L/m L per minute) in the dual-input 2CXM; HPI was 0.66 and 0.63 in the dual-input extended Tofts model and the dualinput 2CXM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the K_(ep), V_p, or HPI between the dual-input extended Tofts model and the dual-input 2CXM(P = 0.524, 0.569, and 0.622, respectively). All equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters, except for V_e, were correlated in the two dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic models; both Fp and PS in the dualinput 2CXM were correlated with K_(trans) derived from the dual-input extended Tofts model(P = 0.002, r = 0.566; P = 0.002, r = 0.570); K_(ep), V_p, and HPI between the two kinetic models were positively correlated(P = 0.001, r = 0.594; P = 0.0001, r = 0.686; P = 0.04, r = 0.391, respectively). In the dual input extended Tofts model, V_e was significantly less than that in the dual input 2CXM(P = 0.004), and no significant correlation was seen between the two tracer kinetic models(P = 0.156, r = 0.276). Neither tumor size nor tumor stage was significantly correlated with any of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the two models(P 0.05).CONCLUSION: A dual-input two-compartment pharmacokinetic model(a dual-input extended Tofts model and a dual-input 2CXM) can be used in assessing the microvascular physiopathological properties before the treatment of advanced HCC. The dual-input extended Tofts model may be more stable in measuring the V_e; however, the dual-input 2CXM may be more detailed and accurate in measuring microvascular permeability.     

Differentiation between dysplastic nodule and early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: The utility of conventional MR imaging

AIM:To elucidate the variety of ways early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)can appear on magnetic resonance(MR)imaging by analyzing T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic studies.METHODS:Seventy-three patients with well-differentiated HCC(wHCC)or dysplastic nodules were retrospectively identified from medical records,and new histological sections were prepared and reviewed.The tumor nodules were categorized into three groups:dysplastic nodule(DN),wHCC compatible with Edmondson-Steiner grade I HCC(w1-HCC),and wHCC compatible with Edmondson-Steiner gradeⅡHCC(w2-HCC).The signal intensity on pre-contrast MR imaging and the enhancing pattern for each tumor were recorded and compared between the three tumor groups.RESULTS:Among the 73 patients,14 were diagnosed as having DN,40 were diagnosed as having w1-HCC,and 19 were diagnosed as having w2-HCC.Hyperintensity measurements on T2-weighted axial images(T2WI)were statistically significant between DNs and wHCC(P=0.006)and between DN and w1-HCC(P=0.02).The other imaging features revealed no significant differences between DN and wHCC or between DN and w1-HCC.Hyperintensity on both T1W out-phase imaging(P=0.007)and arterial enhancement on dynamic study(P=0.005)showed statistically significant differences between w1-HCC and w2-HCC.The other imaging features revealed no significant differences between w1-HCC and w2-HCC.CONCLUSION:In the follow-up for a cirrhotic nodule,increased signal intensity on T2WI may be a sign of malignant transformation.Furthermore,a noted loss of hyperintensity on T1WI and the detection of arterial enhancement might indicate further progression of the histological grade.     

Radiomics and nomogram of magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion in small hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUNDMicrovascular invasion (MVI) of small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) (≤ 3.0 cm) is an independent prognostic factor for poor progression-free and overall survival. Radiomics can help extract imaging information associated with tumor pathophysiology.AIMTo develop and validate radiomics scores and a nomogram of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative prediction of MVI in sHCC.METHODSIn total, 415 patients were diagnosed with sHCC by postoperative pathology. A total of 221 patients were retrospectively included from our hospital. In addition, we recruited 94 and 100 participants as independent external validation sets from two other hospitals. Radiomics models of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were constructed and validated using machine learning. As presented in the radiomics nomogram, a prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis, which included radiomics scores, radiologic features, and clinical features, such as the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. The calibration, decision-making curve, and clinical usefulness of the radiomics nomogram were analyzed. The radiomic nomogram was validated using independent external cohort data. The areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) were used to assess the predictive capability.RESULTSPathological examination confirmed MVI in 64 (28.9%), 22 (23.4%), and 16 (16.0%) of the 221, 94, and 100 patients, respectively. AFP, tumor size, non-smooth tumor margin, incomplete capsule, and peritumoral hypointensity in hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images had poor diagnostic value for MVI of sHCC. Quantitative radiomic features (1409) of MRI scans) were extracted. The classifier of logistic regression (LR) was the best machine learning method, and the radiomics scores of HBP and DWI had great diagnostic efficiency for the prediction of MVI in both the testing set (hospital A) and validation set (hospital B, C). The AUC of HBP was 0.979, 0.970, and 0.803, respectively, and the AUC of DWI was 0.971, 0.816, and 0.801 (P < 0.05), respectively. Good calibration and discrimination of the radiomics and clinical combined nomogram model were exhibited in the testing and two external validation cohorts (C-index of HBP and DWI were 0.971, 0.912, 0.808, and 0.970, 0.843, 0.869, respectively). The clinical usefulness of the nomogram was further confirmed using decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONAFP and conventional Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI features have poor diagnostic accuracies for MVI in patients with sHCC. Machine learning with an LR classifier yielded the best radiomics score for HBP and DWI. The radiomics nomogram developed as a noninvasive preoperative prediction method showed favorable predictive accuracy for evaluating MVI in sHCC.     

Advanced imaging techniques in the therapeutic response of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with HCC and is the first treatment choice for patients who are not suitable for surgical resections. The evaluation of the response to TACE treatment affects not only the assessment of the therapy efficacy but also the development of the next step in the treatment plan. The use of imaging to examine changes in tumor volume to assess the response of solid tumors to treatment has been controversial. In recent years, the emergence of new imaging technology has made it possible to observe the response of tumors to treatment prior to any morphological changes. In this article, the advances in studies reporting the use of computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), intravoxel incoherent motion, diffusion kurtosis imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging, blood oxygen level-dependent MRI, positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography and PET/MRI to assess the TACE treatment response are reviewed.     

增强磁共振成像联合血清甲胎蛋白和脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原诊断肝细胞癌临床价值探讨

目的 探讨钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA）增强磁共振成像(MRI)联合血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）和脱-γ-羧基凝血酶原（PIVKA-Ⅱ）诊断肝细胞癌（HCC)的临床价值。方法 2015年12月~2017年9月收治的82例肝病患者,经组织病理学诊断HCC组56例,非HCC组26例。罗氏cobas e 601型全自动电化学发光免疫分析系统检测血清AFP,采用LUMIPULSE G1200全自动免疫分析仪酶化学发光法检测血清PIVKA-Ⅱ。全部患者接受MRI检查。采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）判断各检查诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率。结果 HCC患者血清AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平分别为34.5（4.5,594.9） ng/ml和63.5（25.0,2082.0） Mau/ml,显著高于非HCC组【分别为3.4（2.2,11.6） ng/ml和23.0（18.8,28.0） Mau/ml,P<0.01】;血清AFP、PIVKA-Ⅱ和Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查单独诊断HCC的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.763、0.815和0.907;在单项诊断 HCC 时,血清 AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ的最佳临床诊断截断点分别为14.4ng/ml和40.5 Mau/ml,其诊断 HCC 的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为64.3%、84.6%、67.4%和62.5%、100.0%、74.4%,Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI单独诊断HCC的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为92.9%、88.5%、91.5%,以Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI诊断的效能最高;采用联合试验Ⅰ诊断HCC,其灵敏度为98.2%,特异度为61.5%,准确率为86.6%,采用联合试验Ⅱ诊断HCC的灵敏度为50.0%,特异度为100.0%,准确率为50.0%。联合试验提高了诊断的特异度,但降低了灵敏度。结论 应用血清AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ检测联合Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查可提高诊断HCC的效能,综合应用三者联合诊断可以提高诊断HCC的正确性。