油炸温度和油炸时间对油条中丙烯酰胺含量的影响

目的探讨油炸温度和油炸时间对油条中丙烯酰胺含量的影响。方法设立180、200、220和240℃4个油炸温度,每个温度按不同油炸时间（分别为30、40、50、60、70、80 s）分别生产6批油条,每批油条8根,每根油条取中段用固相萃取高效液相色谱法测其丙烯酰胺浓度并比较不同条件下生产的油条中丙烯酰胺含量。结果油炸温度相同时油条中丙烯酰胺含量均随着油炸时间的增加而增加。油炸时间相同,当油炸温度在180℃-240℃范围内时,油条中丙烯酰胺含量随着油炸温度的升高而降低（P〈0.001）。油温240℃油炸时间40 s生产的油条丙烯酰胺含量低且颜色、香味及脆度俱佳。结论油条生产的最佳条件是油温240℃、油炸时间40 s。     

食品中丙烯酰胺含量及其产生因素分析

目的研究食品中丙烯酰胺的含量,并对其产生因素进行系统分析,为减少加工食品中丙烯酰胺含量提供依据。方法选择12类加工食品,应用液-液萃取提取、HLB固相萃取小柱净化分别提取其中的丙烯酰胺,并采用液相色谱-质谱法对丙烯酰胺进行定量测定;应用上述方法检测了不同条件下(加工温度、时间、原料)油炸食品中丙烯酰胺含量以及pH值、氨基酸种类、还原糖、添加剂对丙烯酰胺生成量的影响。结果所检测的12类加工食品中,100℃以上高温热加工食品中均含有丙烯酰胺,范围39～1 240μg/kg;加工温度、时间、pH值、原料氨基酸种类、还原糖种类以及不同的添加剂对丙烯酰胺生成有不同程度的影响。结论不同食品中丙烯酰胺含量相差悬殊,通过控制加工温度、时间、原料以及合适的添加剂等,可有效减少丙烯酰胺的生成。     

芬兰专家发现类黄酮可减少炸薯条内致癌物

为了减少薯条在油炸过程中产生的丙烯酰胺 ,赫尔辛基大学食品技术研究所专家在制作薯条过程中添加了少量的类黄酮 ,结果发现油炸过程中产生的丙烯酰胺减少了 5 0 %。类黄酮是黄酮类化合物 ,广泛分布于高等植物尤其在各种黄绿色蔬菜和水果中 ,如橘子、柚子等。近年来有研究发现 ,洋葱、红酒、红茶及苹果皮等也含有类黄酮。此前 ,人们已发现类黄酮可减少患心脏病的危险 ,但发现它能减少油炸淀粉类食品中的致癌物还是第一次芬兰专家发现类黄酮可减少炸薯条内致癌物     

VC、VE及其联合作用对体外缺氧损伤大脑神经细胞抗氧化能力的影响

目的 :观察维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)及其联合作用对体外培养缺氧损伤大脑神经细胞抗氧化能力的影响。方法 :采用鼠胚大脑神经细胞无血清体外细胞培养方法 ,分别将不同剂量的VC、VE加入到无血清培养液中 ,将神经细胞分为正常对照组 ,缺氧损伤对照组、缺氧损伤加入VC低、中、高浓度组 (VC -L、M、H组 ) ,缺氧损伤加入VE低、中、高浓度组 (VE -L、M、H组 ) ,缺氧损伤加入VC、VE联合作用组 (VC VE组 )。于缺氧损伤2天后收集细胞 ,测定各组细胞活力及抗氧化指标。结果 :与缺氧损伤对照组相比较 ,VC/VE各组、VC VE组均能显著增强其异常降低的MTT活力、SOD及GSH -PX活性 ,显著降低MDA含量 ,差异有显著性 (P<0.05)。与正常对照组相比较 ,VE与VC VE组MTT、及VE -M、H与VC VE组SOD及GSH -PX活性均显著升高 (P<0.05)。此外VC VE组细胞活力、SOD及GSH -PX活性均高于VC/VE -H组 ,与VC -H组有显著性差别(P<0.05)。结论 :VC、VE能够明显提高缺氧损伤神经细胞的抗氧化能力 ,对大脑神经细胞缺氧损伤恢复有促进作用。二者联合作用优于单独作用 ,其作用强度依次为 :VC VE>VE>VC。     

氧化应激与多囊卵巢综合征的关系初探

目的探讨氧化应激与多囊卵巢综合症(PCOS)的关系,并观察维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)对PCOS的治疗作用。方法分别测定60例PCOS患者(PCOS组1和PCOS组2各30例)及30例健康自愿者(对照组)血清中脂质过氧化物(LPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、VE、VC的含量。PCOS组于抽血检测上述指标后,常规接受"炔雌醇环丙孕酮"治疗,PCOS组1同时服用抗氧化剂VE0.1gqd,VC0.2gbid,疗程3个月。在疗程结束的第7d,复查两组患者血清中LPO、MDA、SOD、VE、VC含量,并继续随访3个月,观察PCOS组1和PCOS组2患者月经自然恢复情况。结果与对照组比较,PCOS患者治疗前血清LPO、MDA含量明显升高(P均<0.05),SOD、VE、VC含量明显降低(P均<0.05);接受治疗后,PCOS组1患者血清氧化水平指标(LPO、MDA)含量较治疗前明显下降(P均<0.05),抗氧化能力指标(SOD、VE、VC)含量明显上升(P均<0.05);PCOS组2患者治疗前后血清氧化水平指标和抗氧化能力指标均无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗后,PCOS组1血清中LPO、MDA含量较PCOS组2降低(P均<0.05),SOD、VE、VC含量较PCOS组2升高(P均<0.05);PCOS组1月经自然恢复的情况明显优于组2患者(P<0.05)。结论PCOS的发病可能与氧化应激(活性氧的代谢失衡)有关,抗氧化剂可能改善PCOS患者的预后。     

维生素C、E对体外血管内皮细胞氧化损伤保护作用的研究

目的:研究VC、VE对H2O2诱导的血管内皮细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:采用人脐静脉血管内皮细胞株ECV-304,在培养液中加入不同浓度的VC、VE孵育24h,H2O2诱导损伤,再培养4h后,终止培养。观察细胞形态学变化并检测细胞活力、蛋白质及MDA含量。结果:正常对照组及VC、VE各剂量组细胞活力、蛋白质含量均高于H2O2损伤对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01);损伤对照组MDA含量高于正常对照组和VC、VE组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:VC、VE可以减轻H2O2对血管内皮细胞的氧化损伤,具有一定保护作用。     

糖尿病患者自由基清除障碍机理探讨

作者测定了46例 NIDDM 患者和55例正常人的血清过氧化脂质(LPO)、硒(se)、维生素 E(VE)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果发现,NIDDM 患者血清LPO 含量增高,VE 减低,SOD 活性下降,Se 无变化。提示 NIDDM 患者体内存在的自由基损伤和清除障碍主要是由 SOD 活性降低和 VE 含量减少引起的,与 Se 含量无关。     

油炸及烧烤食品中丙烯酰胺的HPLC测定

目的了解市售及家庭自制油炸烧烤食品中丙烯酰胺的含量,为食品安全研究提供实验数据。方法采用紫外吸收光谱确定检测波长,运用高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)技术,结合溶剂提取的摇床振摇、萃取脱脂、低温浓缩等前处理方法。结果22种油炸烧烤食品中均检测到丙烯酰胺,含量范围为2.09×10-1~1.86×10μg/g。结论采用中国人习惯的油炸,烧烤的方式加工富含淀粉、蛋白质的食品同样易产生人类可能致癌物丙烯酰胺,长期食用此含量的食品将对人体产生怎样的危害值得进一步研究。     

维生素A,E,C对大鼠肝微粒体LPO模型的影响

目的:探讨维生素A,E,C(VA,VE,VC)的抗氧化作用及其剂量反应关系.方法:钙沉淀法提取雄性SD大鼠肝微粒体.采用四氯化碳(CCl4),Vc/Fe2 和过氧基异丙苯(CHP)三种激发剂建立大鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化(LPO)模型,比色法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察VA,VE和VC三种维生素对MDA的抑制作用.结果:VA浓度在25～100 μmol/L范围时,对三种模型中各浓度组MDA的含量均有抑制作用,最高抑制率分别为(81.2±8.6)%,(98.1±13.8)%和(85.1±2.4)%,显著低于对照组(P<0.05),在CHP模型中,VA浓度在10 μmol/L时其MDA的含量升高.VE浓度在100～1000 μmol/L范围时,CCl4和Vc/Fe 两种模型各浓度组的MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),最高抑制率分别为(62.3±5.5)%和(95.5±7.4)%;在CHP模型中,当VE浓度在750～1000μmoL/L时其MDA含量降低;最高抑制率仅为(18.7±2.1)%.VC浓度在2500μmol/L时,三种模型的MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);最高抑制率分别为(83.6±5.9)%,(25.0±3.0)%和(90.4±7.8)%.结论:VA,VE和VC在三个模型中均有较强的抗氧化作用,且存在一定的剂量效应关系,其中VA抗氧化能力更强.     

四种松花粉营养成分比较研究

目的研究四种松花粉营养成分.方法对青杆、油松、白皮松和黑松花粉的18种氨基酸、蛋白质、视黄醇、维生素E(VE)、维生素C(VC)、磷脂、葡萄糖氧化酶等重要营养成分进行含量测定.结果发现这四种松花粉的视黄醇、VE和VC的含量差别较大,各种氨基酸含量较高.其中青杆花粉的视黄醇含量达70641.6 IU/100 g,氨基酸总量达24.443 mg/100 mg.结论从营养的角度来看,青杆是较优秀的花粉,然而根据不同用途应选用不同的花粉.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.