经皮椎间孔镜技术与小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎间孔镜技术与小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效。方法将166例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为两组,每组83例,对照组采用小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术,观察组采用经皮椎间孔镜技术。比较两组手术相关指标、疼痛缓解和功能恢复情况、临床疗效及并发症发生情况。结果患者均获得3个月随访。切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间观察组均优于对照组(P 0. 001)。术后3个月,两组VAS评分、JOA评分及临床治疗有效率比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。并发症发生率观察组低于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜技术与小切口椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床疗效相当,但经皮椎间孔镜技术损伤少,并发症少,住院时间短。     

经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘摘除术并发症分析

目的:分析局麻下经皮椎间孔镜技术在治疗腰椎间盘突出症的并发症,探讨如何避免椎间孔镜手术并发症的发生。方法:对2013年10月至2015年6月采用经皮椎间孔镜下腰椎间盘摘除术治疗的132例腰椎间盘突出症患者进行回顾性分析,其中男85例,女47例;平均年龄42.9岁;L3,4突出6例,L4,5突出68例,L5S1突出58例。统计术中、术后并发症发生率,分析各类并发症发生原因。结果:132例患者中,术中发生硬膜损伤1例(硬膜与髓核粘连),术后未出现脑脊液漏,术后肌力感觉较术前无下降,创口愈合良好;术中减压不满意立即改为开放手术2例,为伴有椎间孔狭窄及髓核粘连患者,均取得满意疗效;短期(3个月)内复发2例,术后髓核残留3例,均通过翻修手术治疗,取得满意疗效;术后发生室上性心动过速1例,经询问原有心脏病史。术中发生高脑脊液压2例。结论:经皮椎间孔镜学习曲线陡峭,初学者在开始椎间孔镜手术前,必须有一定的开放手术经验,严格把握手术指征。在熟悉解剖和经皮椎间孔镜技术的前提下,经皮椎间孔镜下治疗腰椎间盘突出症是安全可靠的。     

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术治疗中央型腰椎间盘突出症

正腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation,LDH)是造成成年人腰腿疼痛最常见的原因之一,经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术在LDH手术治疗中具有微创、恢复快、并发症少等优势[1]。但目前对经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除治疗LDH的报道较为笼统,少见经皮椎间孔镜技术治疗中央型LDH的报道。本研究主要观察经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除手术治疗中央型LDH的疗效及安全性,报     

经椎间孔内镜技术穿刺路径辅助定位器的设计与临床应用

目的 :阐述新型经椎间孔内镜技术穿刺路径辅助定位器(椎间孔镜定位器)的设计原理与使用方法 ,初步探索其对椎间孔镜手术穿刺的准确性、透视次数和手术时间的影响。方法:研制了新型椎间孔镜定位器,其设计原理主要是利用穿刺目标点始终落在直角圆弧圆心的特点实现导向穿刺。我们回顾性分析2015年5月1日~7月10日在我院接受椎间孔镜手术的患者,共纳入54例患者,男23例,女31例。使用椎间孔镜定位器进行穿刺的病例作为A组,使用传统穿刺方法的病例作为B组。记录并比较两组的穿刺次数、透视次数、手术时间和并发症等组间差异。结果:平均穿刺次数A组为1.22±0.57次,B组为5.89±1.91次,两组间具有显著性差异(P0.001)。平均透视次数A组为14.15±2.63次,B组为21.96±4.06次,两组间具有显著性差异(P0.001)。手术时间A组为81.37±10.62min,B组为90.41±14.37min,两组间有显著性差异(P=0.011)。两组之间均无重大并发症的发生,仅A组发现术后椎间盘残留1例,两组间并发症发生率无显著性差异(P=0.313)。结论:新型椎间孔镜定位器可以有效提高椎间孔镜穿刺的准确性,降低透视次数以及有效减少手术时间。     

两种入路椎间孔镜手术治疗初次单节段腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮椎间孔入路和经皮椎板间入路椎间孔镜手术治疗初次单节段腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法将106例行椎间孔镜手术治疗的单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者以随机数字表法分为A组(经皮椎间孔入路,53例)和B组(经皮椎板间入路,53例)。比较两组手术时间、术中X线透视次数、术后卧床时间、术后住院时间、手术前后VAS评分和ODI评分、术后并发症发生率以及临床疗效。结果患者均获得12个月随访。手术时间和术中透视次数B组均显著短(少)于A组(P 0.05)。术后卧床时间B组显著长于A组(P 0.05)。两组住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后VAS评分和ODI评分均显著低于术前(P 0.05);两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。术后12个月,两组临床疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。术后并发症发生率B组高于A组(P 0.05)。结论两种入路椎间孔镜手术治疗初次单节段腰椎间盘突出症总体疗效接近,经皮椎间孔入路椎间孔镜手术可缩短术后卧床时间,降低术后并发症发生风险;而经皮椎板间入路椎间孔镜手术则有助于降低操作难度,减少X线透视次数。     

经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗老年性腰椎椎管狭窄症的临床效果观察

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗老年性腰椎椎管狭窄症的效果。方法选取2015-01—2016-12间于河南理工大学一附院行手术治疗的86例老年性腰椎椎管狭窄症患者。随机分为2组,各43例。对照组行传统开放手术,观察组行经皮椎间孔镜手术。比较2组治疗效果。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量和术后24 h VAS及功能障碍评分、并发症发生率、住院时间均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗老年性腰椎椎管狭窄症,创伤小、出血量少、并发症少,有助于患者术后恢复,疗效确切。     

经皮椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术的常见短期并发症的病因分析及处理对策

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的常见短期并发症,统计其发生率、分析发生原因、总结处置措施。方法回顾我院2014-08-2016-08间进行的经皮椎间孔镜腰椎间盘髓核摘除术共142例,统计本组病例出现的各种手术相关短期并发症,总结病因及处置原则。结果共出现各类短期并发症11例,占总数7.7%。其中神经根损伤1例(0.7%);硬脊膜撕裂1例(0.7%);椎间盘炎1例(0.7%),出血致更改术式2例(1.4%),因疼痛不耐受中止手术2例(1.4%),减压不彻底4例(2.8%)。结论椎间孔镜下髓核摘除术手术操作中需仔细轻柔操作,手术效果、并发症的出现与术者经验及操作手法密切相关。     

经皮椎间孔镜下颈椎间盘髓核摘除术的围术期护理

目的:讨论颈椎后路椎间孔镜下单开门减压手术护理配合.方法:将我院接收的21例颈椎间盘突出症患者作为研究对象,经患者及家属同意后均实施颈椎后路椎间孔镜下单开门减压手术,同时辅以针对性的护理服务.结果:21例患者都顺利完成了手术,并且在优质护理的作用下疼痛有所缓解,护理满意度较高.结论:在进行椎间孔镜下单开门减压手术时施以...     

不同入路及体位内镜术治疗L5S1椎间盘突出症

[目的]比较不同入路及体位行椎间孔镜手术治疗椎间盘突出症的治疗效果.[方法]回顾分析2016年2月～2018年2月行椎间孔镜手术的L5S1椎间盘突出症患者96例.其中,32例采用常规俯卧体位椎间孔入路,32例采用改良俯卧体位椎间孔入路,32例采用常规俯卧体位椎板间入路.比较3组围手术期、随访和影像资料.[结果]96例患...     

椎间孔镜手术并发症——“类脊髓高压综合征”的表现及转归:4例报告

正随着微创脊柱外科的发展,椎间孔镜手术在临床上获得了广泛应用。该技术具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切的特点,在治疗腰椎退行性疾病,尤其是腰椎间盘突出症和腰椎管狭窄症方面具有独特优势~([1-2])。但椎间孔镜技术学习曲线相对陡峭,手术相关并发症如异物进入椎管、手术器械断裂卡塞、硬膜囊或神经根损伤、血肿、感染等也见诸报道~([3-4])。我们发现一组并发"类脊髓高压综合征"的椎间孔镜手术病例,现报道如下。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.