羟甲基烟酰胺缓释片的制备及其体外释放特性的研究

目的：研究以羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC）为骨架材料制备羟甲基烟酰胺（I）缓释片及其体外释药特性。方法：湿性制粒法制备缓释片，以正交实验设计考察HPMC用量、粘度及粘合剂种类对药物体外释放速率的影响。结果：该缓释片药物的体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程；粘合剂种类和HPMC用量对该缓释片的释药速率有显著性影响。结论：HPMC I缓释片体外释药符合设计要求。     

尼莫地平HPMC骨架片的药物释放影响因素研究

选用HPMC为骨架材料，将难溶于水的尼莫地平制成缓释骨架片，考察HPMC的粘度、羟丙基和甲氧基含量、用量、粒径、辅料和释放介质的pH对尼莫地平缓释片的体外释药速率的影响。结果表明：尼莫地平缓释骨架片的体外释放行为近似零级释放。HPMC用量、粘度、粒径和释放介质的pH均对体外释放行为有明显影响；同一粘度HPMC甲氧基不同对释放速率影响不明显；辅料乳糖的加入能使释药速率加快，而微晶纤维素和十二烷基硫酸钠的加入在本实验范围内影响不明显。     

尼群地平缓释片的研制及体外释药因素分析

目的:研制凝胶骨架型尼群地平缓释片,考察处方、工艺等因素对体外释药行为的影响.方法:以HPMC为凝胶骨架材料制备缓释片,对释放介质pH值,药物粒径、骨架材料和致孔剂用量,压片压力等对体外释药行为的影响进行了考察.结果:药物从骨架片中的释放符合Highchi动力学过程,释药速率受原料药粒径和骨架材料用量的影响,释放介质pH值、致孔剂用量和压片压力对释药速率影响较小.结论:本文研制的尼群地平缓释片处方合理,有较好的可控性,调整处方,控制药物粒径,可得到符合设计要求的释药速率.     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片的制备及体外释药特性研究

目的制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

盐酸文拉法辛凝胶骨架片制备及体外释药特性研究

目的 制备盐酸文拉法辛(VH)亲水凝胶骨架片,考察处方、工艺对其体外释药行为的影响,并对其释药机理进行初步分析。方法 以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为基本骨架材料,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为阻滞剂,采用湿法制粒制备凝胶骨架片,通过单因素试验筛选辅料种类,利用正交设计试验优化处方,建立释放度测定方法,并通过不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果 盐酸文拉法辛缓释片体外释药符合一级释药特征,药物释放主要是通过Fick扩散完成。HPMC用量和黏度、阻滞剂用量对释放速率有显著影响,填充剂、制粒方法和压片压力对释放速率的影响不显著。结论 以HPMC K100M和CMC-Na为骨架材料,制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的缓释效果。     

黄山药提取物缓释片的研制

目的制备黄山药提取物亲水凝胶骨架缓释片。方法以羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)为骨架材料制备缓释片,以体外释药试验优选处方,探讨HPMC的黏度、用量以及片剂的硬度对药物释放的影响。结果建立了高氯酸比色法测定薯蓣皂苷元含量,作为缓释片体外释放度的测定方法。该法精密度较好,RSD%为1.8%,平均回收率100.3%。制得的缓释片体外持续12 h释放药物,释药行为符合H iguchi方程,释药速率随着HPMC的黏度增大、用量增加而减慢;片剂硬度越高,释药速率越低。结论该缓释片制备工艺简单,体外缓释效果较好。     

美托拉宗缓释片的制备和释药机制的研究

目的 制备美托拉宗缓释片并探讨其释药机制。方法 从处方和工艺两个方面考察了各因素对药物释放行为的影响。在单因素考察的基础上,采用羟丙甲基纤维素（HPMC） 4000 cps作为骨架材料 HPMC 5 cps作为致孔剂,制备美托拉宗缓释片。通过正交设计,以2、4、7 h的药物释放度为评价指标,优化最佳处方。结果 HPMC的用量和比例对美托拉宗缓释片的释放影响最大。该制剂的体外释放与Ritger-Peppas方程拟合的相关性最好,释药过程为扩散和溶蚀并存。结论 美托拉宗缓释片的工艺重现性好,体外释放符合拟定的释药速率。     

影响头孢克罗缓释片释药因素的研究

以 HPMC为缓释材料 ,采用湿法制粒制备缓释片 ,用体外释放度试验研究了缓释片的释药机理及影响因素。结果表明 ,缓释片的释放符合 Higuchi方程 ,HPMC的粘度、用量、丙烯酸树脂 号的用量、硬度对其释药速率均有明显影响     

聚氧乙烯骨架缓释片的处方及体外释药机制研究

目的 以聚氧乙烯(PEO)为亲水凝胶骨架制备缓释片剂,并考察其体外释药机制。方法 基于两种规格PEO的用量比与释药速率之间的关系,优化缓释片处方。通过考察片剂的体外释放度和溶蚀比探讨其释药机制,并对不同溶解度药物的体外释放行为进行比较。结果 缓释片体外释药速率与PEO用量比呈线性关系,所得优化处方在12 h内以接近恒速释药,其体外释药与溶蚀过程基本同步,且在所考察用量范围内不同溶解度药物的体外释放度相近。结论 PEO制成的亲水凝胶骨架片缓释性能良好,其体外释药是药物扩散和骨架溶蚀协同作用的结果。     

阿司匹林胃漂浮胶囊制备及其体外释药特征的研究

目的采用HPMC和Carbopol制备胃漂浮胶囊。方法以阿司匹林为模型药物,以不同黏度和不同用量的HPMC和Carbopol为主要辅料制成胃内漂浮型胶囊,采用桨法测定了Asp漂浮胶囊的释放度。结果当HPMCK4M和HPMCK15M的最佳配比为3∶1,阿司匹林胃漂浮胶囊在0~10 h内体外释药符合表观零级动力学过程,体外释放速度常数Kr=10.3%.h-1。经Peppas方程拟合后得出释放参数n=0.6173。从0.45相似文献   

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.