Efficacy of Enicostemma littorale in Type 2 diabetic patients

Pills prepared from Enicostemma littorale (Gentianaceae) were administered to 84 patients with Type 2 Diabetes for three months. Estimation of various biochemical parameters showed that E. littorale reduced blood glucose as well as serum insulin levels and prevented the progression of complications in diabetic patients. Significant improvement in kidney function, lipid profile and blood pressure was observed suggesting that E. littorale is an effective herbal antidiabetic.     

Effect of methanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale on Dalton's ascitic lymphoma

The antitumour activity of methanolic extract of Enicostemma littorale (MEL) has been evaluated against Dalton's ascitic lymphoma (DAL) in swiss albino mice. A significant enhancement of mean survival time of MEL treated tumour bearing mice was found with respect to control group. MEL treatment was found to enhance peritoneal cell counts. When these MEL treated animals underwent i.p. inoculation with DAL cells, tumour cell growth was found to be inhibited. After 14 days of inoculation, MEL is able to reverse the changes in the haemotological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumour inoculation.     

Hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale Blume aqueous extract in cholesterol fed rats

Enicostemma littorale aqueous extract (1.5 g/100 g body weight/day, p.o.) was administered to rats along with hypercholesterolaemic diet for 6 weeks and the hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect was evaluated. Feeding cholesterol increased serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and decreased HDL levels as compared to normal diet fed rats. Enicostemma littorale treatment increased HDL levels and decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL ratio. In addition, treatment with the extract showed a decrease in activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation levels, with an increase in reduced glutathione levels as compared to cholesterol fed untreated rats. Liver and kidney cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels were also decreased in Enicostemma littorale treated rats. Hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity was significantly reduced in the extract treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Lovastatin was used as a reference drug. The hypolipidaemic and antioxidant effect of Enicostemma littorale aqueous extract in cholesterol fed rats is being reported for the first time.     

Effect of peas (Pisum sativum) in the treatment of experimental non-insulin-dependent diabetes

A study was made on the mechanism by which the consumption of peas affects beneficially the glycaemia in a rat model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. With a standard diet, the diabetic rats showed elevated glycaemia throughout the study, varying between 8.3 and 10.0 mmol/L. With the administration of a diet of peas, the glycaemia in the diabetic rats declined significantly from the second day, and stayed at levels near normal for the rest of the study. A significant inhibitory activity of the pancreatic amylase enzyme was detected in the raw pea extract. A possible mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect of a diet of peas might therefore reside partially in its inhibitory effect on carbohydrate digestion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Glucose lowering effect of aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume in diabetes: a possible mechanism of action

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Enicostemma littorale Blume is a small herb and recently we have reported its blood glucose lowering potential in alloxan induced diabetic rats. A single dose of aqueous extract of E. littorale (15 g dry plant equivalent extract per kg) had shown significant increase in the serum insulin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at 8 h. The insulinotropic action of aqueous extract of E. littorale was further investigated using rat pancreatic islets. Extract has the potential to enhance glucose-induced insulin release at 11.1 mM glucose from isolated rat pancreatic islets and was partially able to reverse the effect of diazoxide (0.25 mM). Incubation with Ca(2+) chelator (EGTA) and Ca(2+) channel blocker (nimodipine) did not affect the glucose-induced insulin release augmented by the extract. Above results suggest the glucose lowering effect of aqueous extract of E. littorale to be associated with potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release through K(+)-ATP channel dependent pathway but did not require Ca(2+) influx.     

健脾滋肾开郁散结方对糖尿病肾病抗氧化能力的影响

目的:本研究旨在研究健脾滋肾开郁散结方对糖尿病肾病大鼠的影响,探讨健脾滋肾开郁散结法保护糖尿病肾病大鼠肾功能的作用机制。方法:以高脂饲料喂养联合链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病肾病大鼠模型,造模成功后将糖尿病肾病大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、健脾滋肾开郁散结方组和盐酸苯那普利加格列喹酮组。给药12周后,观察治疗前后各组大鼠的一般情况,空腹血糖、24h尿蛋白定量、肾脏肥大指数、肾功能、血清及肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛水平的变化。结果:经健脾滋肾开郁散结方治疗后,糖尿病肾病大鼠的一般状态明显改善,体重(307.4±0.9)较模型组(224.6±1.0)显著增加;肾脏肥大指数(1.18±0.06)和空腹血糖(12.11±1.11)较模型组(1.52±0.08,21.67±1.76)显著降低;24h尿蛋白定量(28.8±5.2)、血清尿素氮(17.13±1.94)、血清肌酐(19.63±1.46),均显著低于模型组,肾功能损害减轻;与模型组相比,血清丙二醛(13.91±0.97)及肾皮质丙二醛(1.19±0.12)均显著降低,血清超氧化物歧化酶活性(210.09±1.05)及肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶活性(93.26±8.69)均显著升高;健脾滋肾开郁散结方组和盐酸苯那普利加格列喹酮组比较各指标均无显著性差异。结论:健脾滋肾开郁散结方可减少尿蛋白的排泄,提高血清及肾皮质中超氧化物歧化酶的活性,降低丙二醛的含量,减轻肾脏功能损害,从而延缓肾脏的病理进程。该方对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用与抗氧化应激、提高抗氧化能力有关。     

克糖胶囊对二型糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢的影响

目的:研究克糖胶囊(黄连、楤木、黄芪等)对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM)模型大鼠的降糖作用。方法:用小剂量链脲霉素配合喂饲高脂饲料制造NIDDM大鼠糖尿病模型,100只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成5组,治疗组灌胃高、中、低3个剂量克糖胶囊,另设对照组和消渴丸组。各组均测定糖耐量、胰岛素、胰高血糖素、肌糖原、肝糖原等血液生化指标。结果:克糖胶囊能显著降低NIDDM模型大鼠的空腹血糖、增强糖耐量;增加肝糖原和肌糖原贮存,明显降低模型鼠体内胰岛素及胰高血糖素水平,改善机体对胰岛素的敏感性,还可明显改善NIDDM模型体内高脂症状,减少糖尿病模型大鼠的食量、尿量和饮水量;克糖胶囊3个剂量组可不同程度改善NIDDM模型大鼠的胰岛结构。结论:克糖胶囊对实验性NIDDM模型大鼠有治疗作用。     

清营汤对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏早期病变的影响

目的:探讨清营汤对实验性糖尿病大鼠早期肾脏病变的防治作用。方法:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)造成实验性糖尿病大鼠,成模后8周,观察各组间肾重/体重、血与肾组织中MDA、肾超微结构的变化。结果:病理组大鼠肾重/体重、肾组织与血中的MDA明显升高,而清营汤组的肾重/体重、肾组织与血中的MDA明显降低,清营汤组基底膜的增厚与系膜的增生不明显。结论:清营汤对糖尿病大鼠早期肾脏病变的干预作用可能是通过抑制大鼠体内脂质过氧化而达到的。     

山柰酚对2型糖尿病大鼠慢性并发症相关因子的影响

目的观察山柰酚对2型糖尿病大鼠慢性并发症相关因子的影响。方法通过高脂饲料喂养,并ip 30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型。山柰酚给药组分别ig给予50、100、200 mg/kg药物,并设模型组、对照组和二甲双胍(0.2 g/kg)阳性对照组。给药10周后,采用葡萄糖氧化酶法对各组大鼠血糖进行测定;放射免疫分析法进行血清胰岛素(INS)的检测,并计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI);应用酶法对血清中三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、醛糖还原酶(AR)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TN下-α)的量进行测定;用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法检测丙二醛(MDA)的量。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠血糖及血清INS水平显著升高(P0.01),ISI显著降低(P0.05):模型组大鼠血清TG和LDL-C水平明显升高(P0.01),HDL-C水平显著降低(P0.01);模型组大鼠血清MDA、AR、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著升高(P0.01),SOD活性显著降低(P0.01)。与模型组比较,山柰酚给药组可降低大鼠血糖水平(P0.05、0.01),改善胰岛素抵抗,恢复血脂至正常水平,并伴随着MDA、AR、TNF-α、IL-6水平降低(P0.05、0.01),SOD活性升高(P0.05、0.01)。结论山柰酚可能是通过降低血糖、改善ISI,维持正常血脂水平,通过抗氧化、抗炎、降低AR途径,从而对2型糖尿病大鼠的慢性并发症起到保护作用。     

Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is one of the medicinal herbs used by diabetics in Turkey and it has been reported to reduce blood glucose. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the effect of feeding parsley on diabetes induced impairments in rat skins. Uncontrolled induced diabetes caused significant increases in nonenzymatic glycosylation of skin proteins, lipid peroxidation and blood glucose. Administration of parsley extract did not inhibit these effects except for the increase in blood glucose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed no significant differences in any protein bands between any of the groups.     

芪明颗粒在糖尿病大鼠视网膜抗氧化反应中的作用

目的　探讨芪明颗粒对实验性糖尿病视网膜病变 (diabeticretinopathy ,DR)的作用及其机理。方法　用链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)诱发糖尿病大鼠模型。实验鼠被随机分为芪明低剂量组、芪明中剂量组、芪明高剂量组、模型组、导升明组 ,并设正常对照组。芪明治疗组和导升明组分别用芪明颗粒治疗和导升明灌胃 ,模型组和对照组用等容量生理盐水灌胃。连续 3个月后观察大鼠血清及视网膜中脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛 (malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxidedismutase ,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathioneperoxides,GSH - px)含量的变化。结果　芪明颗粒有降低血清和视网膜中MDA含量 ,提高SOD和GSH- px活性的作用 ,与模型组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。 结论　芪明颗粒能增强糖尿病大鼠抗氧化能力 ,减轻视网膜的氧化损伤     

海昆肾喜对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏保护作用及其对肾组织CTGF蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨海昆肾喜对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)蛋白表达的影响。方法:60只大鼠随机分为2组,正常组10只,造模组50只。造模组采用空腹一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素造成糖尿病模型,模型组大鼠按55mg/kg,腹腔一次性注射链脲佐菌素,72h后血糖≥16.7mmol/L,尿糖≥4个 者为糖尿病造模成功。将造模成功的大鼠按血糖高低随机分组,分为模型组、厄贝沙坦组、海昆小剂量组和海昆大剂量组,给药12周。第4、8、12周末收集大鼠24小时尿量及检测尿蛋白量。12周末处死大鼠,取血并分离血清检测血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三酯(TG)等,采用HE、Mallory染色观察肾组织病理改变,并应用免疫组化检测肾组织CTGF蛋白的表达。结果:海昆肾喜能够降低糖尿病大鼠的蛋白尿,增加体质量,降低Scr和BUN,改善肾功能,调节TG,改善脂代谢紊乱,海昆肾喜能够明显减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织病理损害,并且能够降低糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞、肾间质细胞内的CTGF在细胞浆内的表达(P<0.01)。结论:海昆肾喜可能抑制CTGF蛋白的过度表达,进而减缓糖尿病肾病的病程进展。     

泻心汤对糖尿病大鼠早期肾病的影响

目的研究泻心汤对高脂饮食联合注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠早期肾病的影响。方法采用高脂饮食并注射低剂量链脲佐菌素方法复制糖尿病大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、泻心汤组及二甲双胍组,并设对照组;连续给药13周后,检测各组血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂(TG和TC)、血清胰岛素(INS)、肾功能、肾脏指数及尿蛋白,光镜、电镜下观察肾脏组织结构的变化。结果与模型组大鼠相比较,泻心汤给药13周明显缓解大鼠多食、多饮、多尿症状,降低HbAlc、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、尿蛋白排泄率、肌酐清除率(CCr)和血脂水平,改善肾小球基底膜增厚及足突融合变化。结论泻心汤有抗实验性糖尿病大鼠早期肾病的作用,作用机制可能与其降低血脂和HbAlc及改善胰岛素抵抗等作用相关。     

生脉注射液对慢性心力衰竭大鼠心室重构的影响

目的:探讨生脉注射液对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠心室重构的影响。方法:采用腹主动脉缩窄法建立CHF大鼠模型,用心脏重量指数(HW/BW)和左心室重量指数(LVW/BW)评价心室重构。结果:生脉注射液能降低CHF大鼠的HW/BW和LVW/BW。结论:生脉注射液具有改善CHF大鼠心室重构的作用。     

化痰降糖汤干预2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗疗效观察

采用化痰降糖汤配合达美康治疗 2型糖尿病 82例 ,并与二甲双胍合达美康治疗 4 2例随机对照 ,观察对 FBG、PBG、FINS、ISI的影响。结果 :治疗组显效 30例 ,有效 35例 ,无效 17例 ,总有效率 79.2 7% ;对照组依次为 16例、18例、8例及 80 .95 %。两组总有效率比较差异无显著性 (χ2 =0 .0 5 7,P>0 .0 5 )。治疗后 FBG和 PBG显著下降 ,ISI改善 (P<0 .0 1) ,从痰治疗可明显改善胰岛素抵抗 ,与对照组基本相当     

通脉降糖保肾胶囊对糖尿病大鼠降糖保肾作用研究

目的:研究通脉降糖保肾胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠的作用。方法:采用链脲佐菌素和四氧嘧啶制备糖尿病大鼠模型,观察通脉降糖保肾胶囊对其血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、肾小球形态以及对血小板聚集的影响。结果:通脉降糖保肾胶囊能明显降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,亦降低链脲佐菌素所致糖尿病大鼠胆固醇、尿素氮、肌酐,对ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用。结论:通脉降糖保肾胶囊通过降低血糖、调节脂质代谢紊乱、改善肾小球结构和功能等多方面发挥降糖保肾、治疗糖尿病的作用。     

参黄胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠慢性并发症相关因素的影响

目的观察参黄胶囊对2型糖尿病大鼠慢性并发症相关因素的影响。方法用高脂饲料喂养加腹腔注射30 mg/kg STZ诱导大鼠复制2型糖尿病模型后,再将成模大鼠随机分为参黄胶囊高、中、低剂量组,二甲双胍组及模型组,并设对照组。各给药组以7.5 mL/kg灌胃给予相应药物,对照组和模型组给予等容积的生理盐水,连续用药4周后,检测血清胰岛素（INS）水平,计算胰岛素敏感指数;测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、醛糖还原酶（AR）含量的变化并进行相关分析。结果参黄胶囊高、中剂量组INS和ISI均明显改善,且MDA、AR水平降低,SOD水平升高,与模型组比较均有显著性差异（P均〈0.05）。结论参黄胶囊通过改善胰岛素敏感指数、抗氧化作用、降低AR途径对2型糖尿病大鼠的慢性并发症产生防治作用。     

富钒鹰嘴豆芽对糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的:研究富钒鹰嘴豆芽降糖作用及可能机制。方法:以链脲佐菌素诱导形成糖尿病大鼠模型,饲喂不同浓度的富钒鹰嘴豆芽4周,观察大鼠血糖和血脂等的变化。结果:与正常对照组比较,糖尿病模型大鼠的血糖升高了4倍,血浆胰岛素降低了57.63%、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)升高了42.28%,谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和血浆脂质水平明显升高。而分别饲喂不同浓度富钒鹰嘴豆芽4周后,糖尿病大鼠的上述指标都得到改善,其中以中等剂量(100μg/ml)富钒鹰嘴豆芽治疗组的效果最明显:血糖水平降低了58.60%(P<0.05);血浆胰岛素水平明显增高(P<0.05)且接近正常;GHb降低了32.81%,血浆低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯和总胆固醇明显下降(P<0.05),谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶分别降低了39.98%和41.37%。而葡萄糖耐量得到显著改善,2h的血糖值降低了38.46%。结论:富钒鹰嘴豆芽能阻止糖尿病大鼠高血糖的进展和血浆脂质水平的改变;这种钒的有机复合物形式达到了减毒增效的目的,具有较佳的应用前景。     

冠脉通片防治慢性肾脏病大鼠血管钙化的作用研究

[目的] 观察冠脉通片对大鼠慢性肾脏病（CKD）血管钙化的防治作用。[方法] 采用灌胃给予腺嘌呤加髙磷饮水的方法制备大鼠CKD血管钙化模型。造模同时灌胃给予不同剂量冠脉通片,连续10周。腹主动脉取血检测血清尿素、肌酐、钙、磷水平,试剂盒检测腹主动脉钙含量,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察肾和血管组织变化,硝酸银染色观察血管钙化情况。[结果] 冠脉通片0.46、0.23 g/kg组能显著降低模型大鼠血清尿素、肌酐及磷水平,升高钙水平;明显降低腹主动脉钙含量;肾脏HE染色结果提示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠肾小球结构紊乱,肾小管代偿性扩张,局部见棕褐色结晶沉积,肾脏间质弥漫淋巴和单核细胞浸润,大量成纤维细胞增生,形成广泛纤维化,肾脏血管明显减少。与模型组比较,冠脉通片组正常肾小球数目增多,肾小管扩张程度降低,炎性细胞数量下降,腺嘌呤结晶减少。其中,冠脉通片0.46 g/kg组效果更好。HE与硝酸银染色显示,与模型组相比,冠脉通片0.46、0.23 g/kg组大鼠胸主动脉钙化灶面积明显缩小,其中冠脉通片0.46 g/kg组效果更好。[结论] 冠脉通片对CKD血管钙化大鼠有明显防治作用,可改善肾功能,纠正钙、磷代谢紊乱,降低动脉钙含量,缩小钙化面积。